Injury

Damage, or injury, called the impact on the body of external agents (mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation, psychic, etc..), Causing the organs and tissues in violation of anatomy, physiological functions and accompanied by local and general reaction of the victim.
Numerous dangers of injury in time for their development should be divided into 3 main groups:
1. The immediate danger of developing in the time of the injury or in the first hours after. This bleeding leading to acute anemia, collapse, shock, damage to vital organs.
2. Near the dangers that are detected at different times (from a few hours to several weeks) after the injury. They are more often the result of infection of the tissues. Can develop local purulent infection (wound abscess, peritonitis, pleurisy, etc.), General purulent infection (sepsis), gas gangrene, tetanus and others. Extensive damage closed with malnutrition tissue and the collapse can cause traumatic toxicosis.
3. Late risks and complications.
Develop late after injury. This complication of chronic purulent infection (chronic osteomyelitis, fistulas, etc.), Violations of trophic tissue (trophic ulcers), scarring, violating organ function (contractures, traumatic epilepsy, etc.), And various anatomical and functional defects of organs and tissues.
Features of trauma and its complications are directly dependent on the physical properties of the traumatic agent - its volume, weight, shape, texture, thermal and chemical status and other properties. Careful rasprosy the victim is not only important for the correct diagnosis (eg, fracture), but also to determine the characteristics of the damage (compression, spiral fracture, etc.). Of great importance is the duration, direction and angle of the force, speed of motion, etc.
Anatomical and histological features of the skin gives it a special stability. It persists even in the destruction of tissues glublezhaschih:. Closed fractures, rupture of internal organs, their bruises and other easily damaged parenchymal organs (spleen, liver, brain). Therefore, frequent injury of these organs in the abdominal wall or the integrity of the cranium (ruptured spleen, liver, bruises and concussion). Bone tissue has considerable resistance.
There are open and closed injuries. When you open damaged covers the body, which dramatically increases the risk of infection. When closed the skin and mucous membranes remain intact.
By referring to the agent causing the damage, injuries are mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation, psychic, operating, labor and others.
Funds are also damaged and do not penetrate into the cavities (abdominal, chest, skull, hips) with an explicit threat of infection.
Medical assistance have on the emergency station in surgeries clinics. In severe trauma admitted to a surgical or a specialized trauma unit. The main task - to save the life of the victim, restore anatomic structure, the functions of the damaged organ and able-bodied person. First, take steps to eliminate shock and acute anemia. Held prevention of wound infection: the introduction of tetanus toxoid, early (in the first hours) and complete active debridement with removal of all contaminated, injured and condemned to tissue necrosis. Subsequently - antibiotics and restore anatomical relationships by cross-linking.
When closed fractures need timely reposition (and establishing the correct position) displaced bone fragments and fixing them all the time required for their fusion. Removal of the damaged organ only when frailty and smashed limb tissue (muscles, bones, joints), or if it is impossible to provide reliable hemostasis and eliminate the risk of severe anemia (removal of the spleen with her break).