Megacolon
Megacolon - gigantism of the large intestine of various origins (Hirschsprung's disease, Chagas disease, idiopathic megacolon, etc.).
Etiology. Congenital maldevelopment or toxic damage to the nerve ganglia of the colon wall; Dystrophic processes in the central nervous system, causing violations of motor activity of the distal parts of the colon or its segments; Organic narrowing of the luminal gut. Difficult progress of fecal masses along the non-surplus or narrowed colon leads to a sharp expansion and hypertrophy of the wall of the above-mentioned divisions with subsequent decompensation of the motor function at this level. Slowing down the passage of intestinal contents, prolonged stagnation in the colon (stools are often absent for 5-7 days, and sometimes 30 days) cause intoxication, metabolic disturbances, delay in child development, or a sharp decrease in the ability to work when a megacolon occurs in adults (more often noted At the age of 20-30 years).
Symptoms, course. Prolonged constipation, abdominal enlargement, swollen loops of the large intestine swelling through the abdominal wall, general weakness, exhaustion, physical and mental underdevelopment (in children), a high predisposition to other diseases.
The diagnosis is based on the listed symptoms and the results of X-ray examination (in-patient). In adults, the megacolon develops slowly, often without significant symptoms, so at this stage of the disease, an X-ray examination (irrigoscopy) is crucial. To clarify the nature of the megacolon, a general clinical examination, a colonoscopy, a rectoanalysis reflex, an acetylcholinesterase test, and sometimes a deep (transanal) biopsy of the rectum wall are necessary.
Treatment. In the early stages, an attempt at conservative treatment (cleansing enemas, diet therapy, laxatives) is possible. With a pronounced clinical picture, surgical treatment in both children and adults, and with agangliosis (Hirschsprung's disease) it is necessary to remove the entire zone of agangliosis or hypoganglion. Subtotal resection of the large intestine is often required.
The prognosis depends on the form and cause of the megacolon, the correctness of the method and the volume of the operation.
- Surgical diseases
- Abscess
- Abscess appendicular
- Abscesses of the abdominal cavity
- Abscess of the Douglas space
- Intestinal abscess
- Abscess of the lung
- Soft tissue abscess
- Abscesses of soft tissues after injection
- Abscess of liver
- Amoebic liver abscess
- Prostate adenoma
- Actinomycosis
- Aneurysm
- False aneurysm
- True aneurysms
- Aneurysm of the aortic arch
- Aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta
- Dissecting Aneurysm
- Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta
- Aneurysm of peripheral vessels
- Arteriovenous aneurysm
- Aneurimas of the heart
- Appendicitis acute
- Perforation of the appendage
- Appendicular infiltration
- Pielephlebitis
- Atheroma
- Bronchoectasis
- Varicose veins
- Varicose veins of the spermatic cord
- Dropsy of testis and spermatic cord
- Rectal prolapse
- Gangrene gas
- Gangrene lung
- Hemorrhoids
- Hydradenite
- Gynecomastia
- Hernia
- Internal hernias
- Hernias of the esophagus
- External hernias
- Herniated hernias
- Herniated hernia
- Hernia of the white line
- Hernia postoperative ventral
- Herniated hernia
- Rare hernias
- Pincushion
- Phlegmon hernial sac
- False infringement of a hernia
- Hernias with inflammation
- Dumping syndrome
- Diverticulum
- Esophagus diverticulum
- Cervical diverticulum
- Bifurcation diverticulum
- Epiphrenial diverticulum
- Epiphrenial diverticulum
- Diverticulum of the stomach
- Diverticulum of the duodenum
- Meckel's diverticulum
- Jaundice mechanical
- Bile duct stones
- Ventilated stone of choledoch
- Papillotenosis
- Stricture of bile ducts
- Cancer of the head of the pancreas
- Cholelithiasis
- Urinary retention acute
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Foreign bodies of bronchi
- Foreign bodies of the stomach
- Foreign bodies of the esophagus
- Foreign bodies of soft tissues
- Carbuncle
- Brushes and fistulas of the neck are lateral
- Cysts and fistulas of the neck median
- Colitis ulcerative ulcerative
- Coccygeal epithelial passage
- Cryptorchidism
- Bleeding
- Bleeding internal
- Bleeding gastrointestinal
- Varicose veins
- The Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
- Bleeding into the abdominal cavity
- Bleeding pulmonary
- Bleeding external
- Parenchymal hemorrhage
- Crohn's disease
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphangitis
- Mastitis
- Putrefactive mastitis
- Acute non-lactational mastitis
- Chronic mastitis
- Mediastinitis
- Intestinal obstruction
- Paralytic intestinal obstruction
- Mechanical intestinal obstruction
- X-ray diagnostics
- Specific types of intestinal obstruction
- Ingrown throat
- Frostbite
- Local cooling
- Burn
- Occlusion of the main arteries
- Acute occlusion of the vessels of the extremities
- Acute occlusion of mesenteric vessels
- Chronic occlusions of arterial vessels
- Obtiterating atherosclerosis
- Aortic ileal type
- Hips and popliteal type
- Peripheral type
- Occlusion of aortic arch branches
- Occlusion of carotid arteries
- Occlusion of the subclavian artery
- Takayasu's syndrome (absence of pulse)
- Chronic occlusion of mesenteric vessels (abdominal toad)
- Stenosis of the renal arteries
- Obliterating thrombangitis
- Raynaud's disease
- Orcoepididymitis
- Acute abdomen
- Acute pancreatitis
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Acute cholecystitis
- Panaritium
- Panaritium cutaneous
- Paronichy
- Panaritium subungual
- Panaritium tendinous
- Panaritium articular
- Panaritium bone
- Penetrating ulcer of the stomach and duodenum
- Peritonitis
- Peritonitis chronic
- Piopevneumotorax
- Pneumothorax spontaneous
- Postcholecystectomy syndrome
- Perforated ulcer
- Covered perforation
- Bedsore
- Prostatitis
- Wounds
- Fistulas of the rectum
- Stenosis of the outlet stomach
- Fracture of anus
- Urethritis
- Phimosis, paraphimosis
- Phlebothrombosis
- Occlusion of subclavian vein
- Phlegmon
- Furuncle
- Cholangitis
- Electric trauma
- Empyema of the pleura
- Congenital intestinal obstruction
- Atresia of the anus
- Congenital cholangiopathy of newborns
- Pylorostenosis
- Embryonic hernia (hernia of umbilical cord)
- Exstrophy of the bladder
- Dropsy of shells of testis and spermatic cord
- Surgical diseases of the chest
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Congenital cysts of the lungs
- Pneumothorax
- Tracheophishoprine fistula
- Mastitis of newborns
- Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
- Peritonitis in newborns
- Acute paraproctitis
- Necrotic phlegmon of newborns
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