Cancer of the larynx
Cancer of the larynx is about 2% of all malignant tumors. In men, it occurs 8 to 9 times more often than in women. Localized tumors are observed in 60% of patients; In 30% of cases, regional metastasis is detected, and in 10% - distant metastases during the initial examination. The predominant histological form is squamous cell carcinoma. Most often affects the upper lining of the larynx (70%), then the folding (28%) and lining (2%).
Nadzladka, or vestibular, cancer of the larynx is characterized by a malignant course. The tumor usually spreads upward and anterior to the lingual vallecula, the root of the tongue and the pre-glandular. In the beginning it is asymptomatic. Then you feel awkward and choking when swallowing, later - pain.
During examination, nodular overgrowth or infiltration is determined. In cancer of the vocal cords, the process extends to the opposite fold and the front commissure. The main symptom is the hoarseness of the voice, which translates into aphonia. At a fibrolaringoscopy the neoplasm infiltrating a voice ligament and acting in a larynx lumen is revealed. With back-bone cancer, the main symptom is difficulty breathing and hoarseness. With advanced cancer - cough with phlegm, putrefactive odor from the mouth.
Treatment of vestibular cancer of the 1st and 2nd stage - radiotherapy, in the III and IV stages - combined treatment (radiotherapy + laryngectomy), sometimes resection or enlarged laryngectomy. In cancer of the vocal cords of stages 1 and 2, radiation therapy or a surgical operation can be used (long-term results are the same). In cancer II and IV stages, combined treatment is indicated. The lumbar cancer of stages 1 and 2 is treated by surgery, in III and IV stages after the operation, radiation therapy is performed. In the advanced stages of the disease, chemotherapy may be prescribed: adriablastin, cyclophosphamide, prospidin, methotrexate, bleomycin, fluorouracil, spirobromin, and others.
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