A USD 
Kiev (Kyiv, Kyiv, Kiev) - the capital of Ukraine
Organization
Useful
| Geographic coordinates of Kiev: | Latitude: | 50 ° 25 'north latitude |
| Longitude: | 30 ° 30 'East | |
| The population of Kiev: | 2.6 million | |
| The range of postal codes in Kiev: | 01 000 ... 06,999 | |
| Phone code of Kiev: | National: | 8 w 044 XXXXXXX |
| International: | +38044 XXXXXXX | |
| All times are in Kiev and Ukraine: | Prior to 1991 | +3 GMT (3:00 ahead of Greenwich Mean Time) |
| After 1991 | +2 GMT (2:00 ahead of Greenwich Mean Time) Operates daylight saving time (1 hour) begins last Sunday in March at 2:00 am zakanchivetsya: last Sunday of October at 3:00 am | |
- This term there are other uses, see Kiev (disambiguation) .
, произносится [кыйив] ) — столица Украины , город-герой , "матерь городов русских". Key? S ( Ukr. Kyiv, pronounced [kyyiv]) - the capital of Ukraine , Hero City , "the mother of Russian cities."
Content
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History
Archaeological excavations indicate that the settlements on the territory of Kiev region existed for 15 000-20 000 years ago.
For the period of the Bronze Age in the south-western part of the typical belogrudovskaya culture . Period Chalcolithic ( Copper Age ) and Neolithic represented Tripoli culture , monuments and periods where researchers are divided into three stages: early (4500 - 3500), middle (3 500-2750) and late (2750 - 2000 years. BC . e.).
Zarubintsy culture characteristic of the north-west of Kiev region of the second half I thousand BC. Oe. - The first half of I millennium AD. Oe.
The Iron Age in the territory of modern Kyiv and Kyiv region represented chernyakhivska archaeological culture , which is also called "Kiev culture" and which existed at the turn of the II-III centuries. - Turn of the IV-V centuries. in the forest and steppe of the Lower Danube in the west to the left bank of the Dnieper , and Chernigov in the east.
There is a legend [1] that Kiev was founded by three brothers Kyi , Schek and Horiv and sister Lybed as the center of the tribe of Polans . Named in honor of his older brother.
According to archeological research, the first urban settlement in the Podil appeared not earlier than the 880's. [2] . According to the traditional point of view from 882 , the Kiev was the capital of Kievan Rus . The Byzantine Emperor Constantin Porphyrogenitus , writing in the middle. X century, noted that there was another name of Kiev - Samvatas . Probably it was the ancient name, or city, or the designation of non-Slavic environment. The word probably comes from the Khazar language and in this case could mean "the upper building." The results of some excavations give reason to believe that in the VI-VII centuries. settlement on the right bank of the Dnieper can be considered urban. [3] This concept is backed by the celebration in 1982 , the 1500 anniversary of Kiev, was regarded as common. However, in contrast to the "Jubilee concept" part of historians and archaeologists believe as before that the formation of Kiev as the city took place in the VIII-X centuries. Only at the end of this period the individual settlements merged into a single urban settlement character. [4]
In Kievan Rus' and the first time after the collapse of the individual possession of the principality of Kiev grand duke seniority table provided in the genus. In 1240 , the destroyed by the Mongols . Since 1362 located in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , after the Union of Lublin in 1569 was part of the Kiev region is not ON, and the Polish crown lands.
Since 1654 ( Pereyaslavskaya happy ) Kiev in the Russian state , in contrast to the rest of the Left Bank of Ukraine, Kiev was originally ceded to Poland temporarily, then, " Eternal Peace "in 1686 with Poland - constantly, with 1721 in the Russian Empire, the center Kiev province .
C in November 1917 until the summer of 1920 Kyiv passed from hand to hand, the government was constantly changing:
- until November 1917 - Russian Empire
- November 1917 - Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR)
- February 1918 - RSFSR
- March 1918 - UNR was restored with the help of the German invaders
- April 1918 - Ukrainian State , proclaimed hetman Skoropadsky
- December 1918 - UNR , troops recovered Petlyura
- February 1919 - RSFSR
- c March 1919 - SSR
- August 1919 - The Russian government led by Kolchak , taken by the troops of Denikin
- c winter, one thousand nine hundred and nineteen - 1920 - SSR
- c April 1920 - Land Between the Seas , captured by Polish troops
- c May-June 1920 - SSR
From January 1918 until April 1919 , the - The capital of independent Ukraine ( Central Council , Hetmanate Skoropadsky , Directory Petliura ). At the same time, from 1918, the capital of the Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR was Kharkiv . In 1934 , the from Kharkov to Kiev by the decision of the CPC of Ukraine transferred the capital of the Ukrainian SSR .
During the Great Patriotic War , Kiev was occupied by the Germans from the September 19 1941 to 6 November 1943 . [5] In August - September 1941 occurred in the Kiev area is one of the largest battles of the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, known in historiography as the global battle for Kiev in 1941 .
For heroism during the defense, Kiev was awarded the title Hero City (Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 21, 1961, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, May 8, 1965). Since December 1991 Kiev - the capital of an independent state Ukraine .
Administrative division
The city consists of 10 regions on the right and left banks of the Dnieper .
The right bank of the Dnieper:
- Shevchenko district - 200 thousand people
- Caves area - 170 thousand
- Podolsky district - 210 thousand
- Obolonskyi District - 290 thousand
- Svyatoshinsky Region - 360 thousand
- Solomenskiy district - 280 thousand
- Holosiivskyi District - 200 thousand
The left bank of the Dnieper:
- Desnianskyi area - 320 thousand
- Dnieper area - 360 thousand
- Darnytskyi District - 250 thousand
Approved by city council , "Master Plan of Kiev to the 2020 year "provides for the expansion of the city, which will include areas of the Kiev region :
- Baryshevsky, Borodyansky, Brovarsky Vasilkovsky, Vyshgorod, Kiev Svyatoshinsky, Makarov, Fastovsky,
- and a number of satellite towns , including
Special legal status of
According to Art. 133 of the Constitution [7] as the capital city of Kiev in Ukraine has a special status, defined by the Law of Ukraine "On the capital of Ukraine - hero city Kyiv" [8] and is not subject to the regional leadership. According to the law and its interpretation by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, head of the Kyiv City State Administration (KCSA) automatically becomes the head of the Kiev city ( the mayor ) is elected in direct elections by reaching the greatest number of votes involved in the mayoral election voters.
Population
At the end of the XVIII century the population was about 30,000. According to the census of 2001 , in Kiev, lived 2,611,300 inhabitants. Kiev - the only region in the post-Soviet Ukraine, whose population has been steadily throughout the 1990s and is now slowly increasing. While the natural increase of population of the city has long been negative, its magnitude is much smaller than in the whole country (? 2.1 per thousand against? 7.5 in Ukraine in general). It is also the only region that attracts young internal migrants from small towns and rural areas that still sufficient to maintain its numbers.
In mid-2006 in Kiev had about 2.9 million inhabitants.
In Soviet times, Kiev was the only region in Ukraine, where the proportion of Ukrainians in the population increased rapidly: from 60.1% in 1959 to 72.5% in 1989. This was due to his titular status, as well as an intense influx of Ukrainian peasants from rural areas and the replacement of the Jews emigrated. The share of Russian, despite the absolute increase in their numbers during the period from 1959 to 1989 decreased slightly from 23% to 20.9%. Nevertheless, despite the increase in the proportion of Ukrainians, Russian-speaking population is determined the linguistic situation in the city.
After independence, the process of emigration (from 1989 to 2001 the absolute number of Jews in Kiev declined from 100.6 to 17.9 thousand people, and their proportion in the population declined from 13.9% in 1959 to 0.7% in 2001) decreased the number of Belarusians (1989 - 25.3 thousand people in 2001 - 16.5 thousand people) and Poles (1989 - 10.4 thousand people in 2001 - 6.9 thousand people), and a significant part of the Russian and the descendants of mixed marriages pereidentifitsirovali themselves Ukrainians.
According to the census in 2001 [9] , the city's population at 82.2% consisted of Ukrainians and 13.1% of the Russian. In a survey conducted in November 2006 83% of residents identified themselves as Ukrainians, 14% - Russian, 3% - by Jews and other nationalities [1] . In 2006, 57% named the native Ukrainian, 41% - Russian, 1% - other languages. In communicating with family members 58% use Russian and 38% - Ukrainian, 3% - other languages. In communicating with friends and acquaintances the Russian language is even more popular - 65%, Ukrainian - 30%, other languages - 5%. In communicating with colleagues at work again, often used Russian - 58%, Ukrainian - only 37%, other languages - 5%. [2]
Religion
In a survey conducted in November 2006, 64% of the population of Kiev called themselves believers, and 9% identified themselves as believers in the supernatural, 19% did not specify their religious affiliation, 8% - atheists. Regularly attend religious services and facilities 11% of all respondents, 64% - from time to time. In various superstitions believed by 23% (guessing and predicting) to 52% (talismans) [3]
Churches, monasteries and cathedrals
Education
Starting from the IX century , Kiev was an important center of intellectual development in Eastern Europe . Since the end of the XVII century , the Kiev-Mohyla Academy has produced many famous scholars.
And today, Kiev - one of the largest in Ukraine, centers of science and education. In Kiev, a huge number of schools, gymnasiums, lyceums [10] , about 70 universities [11] , including the National Aviation University , the National Pedagogical University. Dragomanov , Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University , Conservatory , Kiev-Mohyla Academy , National Technical University of Ukraine "KPI" , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), the Academy of Architecture and Construction, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kiev Art Academy.
Industry
Kiev is the largest industrial center of Ukraine. The city practically all sectors of the economy, from food to the aircraft.
Economic indicators
| N | rate | unit | value in 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Exports of goods | million U.S. dollars | 4398.3 |
| 2 | Ud.ves in the all-Ukrainian | % | 11.5 |
| 3 | Imports of goods | million U.S. dollars | 17573.0 |
| 4 | Ud.ves in the all-Ukrainian | % | 39.0 |
| 5 | Balance of exports - imports | million U.S. dollars | ? 13174.7 |
| 6 | Capital investment | million hryvnia | 29946.5 |
| 7 | Average Salary | UAH (at 01.01. 07 ) | 1865 |
| 8 | Average Salary | U.S. dollars (at 01.01. 07 ) | 369.3 |
On materials of the Statistics Committee of Ukraine
Transport
A major transportation hub (rail and highways, river port , international airport in Boryspil and airport Zhulyany performing flights within the country ). A major center of mechanical engineering, metallurgy, light industry, printing industry. Since 1960 , the operates underground (see also Kiev Metro ), consisting of three lines, the total length of 56.5 km.
- Kiev Metro
- Kiev Bus
- Borispol Airport and the Airport Zhulyany
- The Kiev funicular
- Ground public transport in Kiev
- Transport infrastructure in Kiev
Streets
Ecology
Kiev has a reputation as one of the greenest and cleanest cities. However, in recent years in Kiev, as in all large cities, has become more urgent air pollution generated by automobiles. The main air pollutant transport in Kiev is: it gives 83.4% of all harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
Culture and Leisure
In Kiev, 27 museums, 25 theaters and studio theaters (such as the National Opera Theatre of Ukraine named. Shevchenko , Kiev municipal academic opera and ballet for children and youth , the National Academic Drama Theatre. Franko , National Academic Theatre Russian Drama. Lesia Ukrainka , Theatre on Podil, Kiev Academic Theatre of the young , Kyiv State Academic Theater of Drama and Comedy on the left bank ).
Киев богат памятниками культуры и искусства. Важнейшие из них них: Золотые ворота , Софийский собор (XI в.), Выдубицкий монастырь (XI в.), комплекс сооружений Киево-Печерской лавры (XI—XVIII вв.), Михайловский Златоверхий монастырь , церковь Спаса на Бересте (XII в.), барочные Воскресенская, Андреевская , Покровская, Троицкая церкви, расписаный Михаилом А. Врубелем Владимирский собор (ХIХст), Кловский и Мариинский дворцы.
Леса, парки и сады составляют больше половины его площади. На территории города находятся два ботанических сада.
Киев справедливо называют одним из самых зелёных городов мира (а некогда он считался самым зелёным). Знаменитые киевские каштаны, которые роскошно цветут в мае, а иногда и два раза в год: весной и осенью, стали одним из символов города.
Крупные киноцентры: «Жовтень» , «Киев» , «Украина» , «Баттерфляй» , Киевская Русь (кинотеатр) Киевская Русь, Линия Кино, Мультиплекс.
Князья Киева
Кий (князь) , Щек и Хорив
Олег Вещий — 879 — 912
Игорь Рюрикович — 913 — 945
Ольга (княгиня Киевская) — 945 — 957
Святослав I — 957 — 972
Ярополк Святославич — 972 — 978
Владимир I Святославич (Креститель) — 978 — 1015
Святополк I Окаянный — 1015 — 1016 , 1018 — 1019
Ярослав I Мудрый — 1016 — 1018 , 1019 — 1054
Изяслав Ярославич — 1054 — 1068 , 1069 — 1073 , 1077 — 1078
Всеслав Полоцкий — 1068 — 1069
Святослав II Ярославич — 1073 — 1076
Всеволод Ярославич — 1076 — 1077 , 1078 — 1093
Святополк II Изяславич — 1093 — 1113
Владимир Всеволодович Мономах — 1113 — 1125
Мстислав Владимирович Великий — 1125 — 1132
Ярополк II Владимирович — 1132 — 1138
Всеволод II Ольгович — 1139 — 1146
Вячеслав Владимирович — 1146 — 1155 (только номинально, фактически — Изяслав)
Изяслав II Мстиславич — 1146 — 1149 , 1151 — 1154
Юрий Владимирович Долгорукий — 1149 — 1151 , 1155 — 1157
Ростислав Мстиславич — 1154 — 1155
Мстислав II Изяславич — 1157 — 1169
Градоначальники Киева
Впервые градоначальник избран в 1835 г.
- Павел Демидов Сан-Донато
- Густав Эйсман
- Николай Ренненкампф
- Иван Толли.
- Степан Сольский (1887—1900)
- Василий Проценко (1900—1905)
- Иван Дьяков (1906—1916)
- Федор Бурчак (в прошлом — заместитель Дьякова)
- Евгений Рябцев
- Андрей Иванов
- Андрей Бубнов — репрессирован в 1940
- Иван Дьяков (1919, повторно, деникинская оккупация)
С 1919 — вместо городского головы должность называется «председатель горсовета».
- Ян Борисович Гамарник (1921—1923), позднее — нач. Политуправления РККА , покончил жизнь самоубийством
- Григорий Ф. Гринько (1924—1925), позднее — нарком финансов, репрессирован
- Пантелеймон Свистун (1925—1927)
- Юрий Войцеховский (1928—1932)
- Иван Воробьёв (1932)
- Василий Быструков (1932—1934)
- Рафаил Петрушанский (1934—1937), репрессирован
- Павел Христич (1937), репрессирован
- Николай Пашко (1937—1940), репрессирован
- Иван Шевцов (1940—1941), казнён гитлеровцами
The Nazi occupation (1941-1943)
- The German administration (military and civilian)
- Kurt Eberhard (1941), Major General, a military commander
- Marwa (1941-1942), shtadtkomissar
- Redenbaher (1942) shtadtkomissar
- Roemer (1942), the military commander
- Rogaush (1942-1943), shtadtkomissar
- Berndt (1943), shtadtkomissar
- Local administration (civil)
- Ogloblin Alexander (1941), Mayor
- Vladimir Bagaziy (1941-1942), Mayor, executed
- Leonti Forostovskaia (1942-1943), Mayor
Soviet power (1943-1991)
- Leonid Swan (1943-1944)
- Fedor Mokienko (1944-1946)
- Fedor Chebotarev (1946-1947)
- Alexei Davydov (1947-1963)
- Михаил Бурка (1963—1968)
- Владимир Гусев (1968—1979)
- Валентин Згурский (1979—1990)
- Николай Лаврухин (1990)
- Григорий Малышевский (1990—1991)
Постсоветский период (с 1992)
- Иван Салий (1992—1993)
- Леонид Косаковский (1995—1996)
- Александр Омельченко (1996—2006)
- Леонид Черновецкий (2006 — н/в)
 Большая колокольня Киево-Печерской лавры |  Троицкая надвратная церковь Киево-Печерской лавры |
- См. также: Известные киевляне .
Климат
- Среднегодовая температура — +7,7 C°
- Среднегодовая скорость ветра — 2,4 м/с
- Среднегодовая влажность воздуха — 75 %
| Климат Киева | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate | January | Фев | March | April | May | Июн | July | Авг | Sen | Окт | November | December | Year |
| Абсолютный максимум, °C | 11 | 17 | 22 | 29 | 34 | 35 | 39 | 40 | 33 | 30 | 23 | 13 | 40 |
| Средний максимум, °C | ?3 | ?2 | 4 | 13 | 20 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 19 | 12 | 4 | ?1 | 12 |
| Средняя температура, °C | ?6 | ?4 | A | 9 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 8 | 2 | # 2 | 8 |
| The average minimum, ° C | ?8 | ?8 | ?3 | 4 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 4 | ?1 | ?5 | 4 |
| Абсолютный минимум, °C | ?31 | ?32 | ?25 | ?10 | # 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | ?3 | ?18 | ?22 | ?30 | ?32 |
| Норма осадков, мм | 47 | 46 | 39 | 49 | 53 | 73 | 88 | 69 | 47 | 35 | 51 | 52 | 649 |
| Источник: Погода и климат | |||||||||||||
Города-побратимы
Примечания
- ^ Повесть временных лет
- ^ Ошибка цитированияНеверный тег
<ref>; для сносокRybakovне указан текст - ^ Толочко П. П. Новые археологические исследования Киева (1963—1978) // Новое в археологии Киева. — Киев, 1981.
- ^ Рабинович М. Г. Из истории городских поселений восточных славян. В кн.: История, культура, фольклор и этнография славянских народов. М. 1968, с. 134
- ^ Цветные фото немецкой оккупации
- ^ Киев поглотит всю область
- ^ http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=254 %EA%2F96%2D%E2%F0&p
- ^ http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=401-14&p
- ^ Тархов С. А. «Итоги переписи населения Украины 2001 года» — Четвертые сократические чтения по географии. Научные теории и географическая реальность. (Сборник докладов/Под редакцией В. А. Шупера) М.: Эслан, 2004. a. 144—164
- ^ http://edu.kiev.ua/schools/
- ^ Список высших и средних специальных учебных заведений Киева
Cсылки
 | Киев на Викискладе ? |
- Сайт истории Киева
- Энциклопедия Киева (укр.)
- ВикиСпутниковая карта на WikiMapia
- Карта Киева (укр.)
- Карта Киева на Яndex
- Фото и объекты Киева на карте (Украинский навигационный портал)
- Интерактивная карта Киева
- Музеи Киева (укр.)
- Веб камеры Киева
- wiki.kiev.ua — свободная энциклопедия г. Киева
- «Киев», Электронная еврейская энциклопедия
- Интересный Киев
- Почётные граждане Киева
- Музеи Киева
- Экология Киева
- Энциклопедический справочник «Киев» К.: Украинская советская энциклопедия, 1981 (укр.) онлайн
- Официальный сайт дня Киева
| Capital | Киев |  |
|---|---|---|
| Areas | ||
| Автономная республика | Крым | |
| Города республиканского подчинения | Киев | Севастополь | |
| Город Киев |  |
|---|---|
| Чемпионат Европы по футболу 2012 Польша — Украина | |
|---|---|
