Electrical installation guide: Schneider Electric technical solutions Chapters K, L
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Section K. Increasing the power factor and filtering the harmonics
Content
1. Reactive energy and power factor
1.1 The nature of reactive energy
1.2 Installations and appliances that require reactive energy
1.3 Power factor
1.4 Practical power factor values
2. Why increase the power factor?
2.1 Reduction of the cost of electricity
2.2 Technical / economic optimization
3. Methods for increasing the power factor
3.1 Theoretical principles
3.2 Selection of equipment
3.3 Selection between a constant or automatically controlled capacitor bank
4. Selection of the location of the capacitors
4.1 Centralized compensation
4.2 Prize compensation
4.3 Individual compensation
5. Selection of the optimum level of compensation?
5.1 General method
5.2 The simplified method
5.3 The method based on the inclusion of penalty rates
5.4 The method based on the reduction of the guaranteed maximum full power (kVA)
6. Compensation at the terminals of the transformer
6.1 Compensation to increase the available output active power
6.2 Compensation for reactive energy absorbed by a transformer
7. Increasing the power factor of induction motors
7.1 Connecting the capacitor block and protection settings
7.2 Methods for preventing self-excitation of an induction motor
8. Example of the system before and after the compensation of the power factor
9. Influence of harmonics
9.1. Problems associated with the harmonious components of the power system
9.2 Possible solutions
9.3 Choosing the best solution
10. Blocks of capacitors
10.1 Capacitive elements
10.2 Selection of protection and control devices and connecting cables
Section L. Detection and elimination of harmonics
1. Problem: Why is it necessary to detect and eliminate harmonics?
2. Standards
3. General Provisions
4. The main effects of harmonics for electrical installations
4.1 Resonance
4.2 Increased losses
4.3 Equipment overloading
4.4 Perturbations affecting sensitive loads
4.5 Economic Consequences
5. Key indicators of harmonic distortion and measurement principles
5.1 Power factor
5.2. The peak factor (amplitude coefficient)
5.3 Power and harmonic parameters
5.4 Harmonic spectrum and harmonic distortion
5.5 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
5.6 Using different indicators
6. Measurement of indicators
6.1 Devices used to measure indicators
6.2 Harmonic Analysis of Distribution Chains
6.3 Thorough monitoring of harmonics
7. Detection devices
8. Ways of attenuation of harmonics
8.1 Main recommendations (decisions)
8.2. Filtering harmonics
8.3 Method
8.4. Specific Filter Models
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