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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2270097

WATERPROOFING SHEET

The name of the inventor: GORDOON BURILLO Fernando (ES)
The name of the patentee: GORDOON BURILLO Fernando (ES)
Address for correspondence: 191186, St. Petersburg, PO Box 230, "ARS-PATENT", Pat. To VM Rybakov, reg. No. 90
The effective date of the patent: 2001.11.08

The invention relates to a waterproofing sheet for tunnels, channels and underground structures, as well as for waterproof roofs and terraces of buildings. The waterproofing sheet contains three layers. The first layer, providing the mechanical strength of the sheet, is made of elastomeric polyethylene of high strength and elasticity. The second intermediate layer forming the connection between the first and second layers is made of closed cell foam prepared from physically or chemically crosslinked polyethylene. The third layer of impermeable plastic material is made of polyethylene with high tear resistance. The sheet has a tensile strength in the range from 24 MPa to 39 MPa, elongation at break - from 550% to 900% and thickness from 3 mm to 50 mm. The lightweight waterproofing sheet according to the invention withstands extreme meteorological conditions, is resistant to chemical agents. In this case, thanks to the material constituting the first layer, the waterproofing sheet with reduced thickness has optimal mechanical properties. In addition, the sheet has no aging limitations, so no sheets are required for once-installed sheets.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a waterproofing sheet for tunnels, channels and underground structures in the most general sense, as well as for waterproof roofs and terraces of buildings.

In tunnels, mines and in general for underground mining, the presence of water and excess moisture create significant problems both during the various stages of construction, and in the process of the existence of the facility or infrastructure.

Difficulties arising from the formation of puddles or ice on the surfaces of pavements are well known. Similarly, in water tunnels, water is a danger to mounted devices, and in areas with low winter temperatures, ice formation can destroy the track due to deformation and even interrupt the movement of trains.

In any underground construction work, seepage of water destroys complex control equipment and disrupts operational maintenance, and reinforced concrete structures often require special treatment to prevent their decalcification and subsequent expansion due to the oxidation of scaffolds.

Conventional waterproofing systems solve many of the problems listed above, but their cost is mostly large. This is particularly evident in the case of problems such as high levels of rainwater leakage during the installation of waterproofing and extreme climatic conditions, not to mention the situation when the need for waterproofing occurs after the completion of construction.

Usually a coating consisting of sheets that are made of plastic material is used; Usually it is PVC (polyvinyl chloride). These sheets have the disadvantage that, due to their PVC content, they do not biodegrade biologically. In addition, they have limited operating temperature ranges and poor resistance to chemical agents.

Similarly, roofs or terraces of buildings for protection from water for the past few years have been waterproofed with sheets of PVC or asphalt. However, due to the materials used in such sheets, and due to climatic conditions and exposure to the sun, the sheets are subject to aging and destruction, i. E. They must be checked and repaired.

In Spanish Patent No. 9,900,657, owned by the applicant of the present invention, a covering sheet or a waterproofing sheet is described, particularly for tunnels.

It contains three layers: first, a layer of raffia, secondly, an intermediate layer of foam and, thirdly, a layer of plastic material metallized with aluminum. The merit of the sheet is the incombustibility of the foam and, in comparison with PVC sheets, increased mechanical strength.

However, a sheet of this type has the drawback that it can only be used in tunnels or canals. In addition, he quickly grows old, i.e. Has a short service life.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks inherent in the sheets that are used in the prior art, and in providing the many benefits described below.

According to the invention, there is provided a waterproofing sheet comprising three layers: a first layer of plastic material providing mechanical strength of the sheet, a second intermediate layer of foam plastic forming a connection between the first and second layers, and a third layer of impermeable plastic material.

Distinctive features of the sheet are that the first layer is made of elastomeric polyethylene of high strength and elasticity, the second layer is made of closed cell foam made of physically or chemically crosslinked polyethylene, and the third layer is of polyethylene with high tear resistance, while the thickness of the sheet Is between 3 mm and 50 mm, the tensile strength of the sheet is in the range of 24 MPa to 39 MPa, and the elongation at break is in the range of 550% to 900%.

Due to these characteristics, a flat and lightweight waterproofing sheet is obtained, capable of withstanding extreme meteorological conditions, including temperatures in the range of 100 ° C to -60 ° C, and resistant to chemical agents such as concentrated acids. At the same time, thanks to the material of which the first layer consists, it has optimal mechanical properties with reduced thickness.

Unlike the sheets on the market, the sheet according to the invention does not have any aging limitations; This characteristic means that for once-installed sheets replacement due to destruction to new ones is not required. Further, the sheet is cheaper than the commonly used sheets, and the absence of PVC in it makes it environmentally friendly and, at the same time, biodegradable.

According to a preferred embodiment, channels are formed on the third layer. Thus, the leakage of water from walls of structures or pits, such as tunnels, is regulated and directed.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the third layer is smooth and therefore highly suitable for use on terraces and roofs of buildings.

In an optimal embodiment, the first layer is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. When installing these sheets on the roofs or terraces of buildings, this property allows the sheet to withstand a prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Brief Description of the Drawings

To facilitate understanding of all of the foregoing features and features of the invention, several drawings are enclosed, which are schematic and only as an example, not of a limiting nature, illustrating the practical implementation of the waterproofing sheet of the invention.

1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a waterproofing sheet according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the waterproofing sheet of the invention

Detailed Description of the Invention

As shown in FIG. 1, the waterproofing sheet 1 of the invention is composed of three layers. The first layer is the outer layer 2 of an elastomeric polyolefin having high strength and elasticity, which is polyethylene. The second layer is an intermediate layer 3 of closed celled foam made from physically or chemically cross-linked polyethylene. The third layer is a layer 4 made of a polyolefin having a high tear resistance. Said inner layer 4 has a dark brownish color and a smooth profile which facilitates fitting the sheet 1 on the roofs and / or exterior terraces of the buildings. This ensures good thermal and acoustic insulation of the sealed joint. This layer also has good resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

2 shows another embodiment of the sheet 5 of the invention. In this case, the inner layer 6, in contrast to the previous embodiment, has a corrugated profile forming the channels. Such a sheet is suitable for internal waterproofing of tunnels and similar infrastructure, ensuring the flow of water and preventing its accumulation.

These sheets are placed between a layer of concrete or rock and reinforced concrete; Such a construction is usually called "sandwich".

The method of manufacturing the waterproofing sheet 1 of the invention includes the process of extruding a polyethylene sheet, followed by heat-melting of said sheet to attach it to a polyolefin foam bonded by a compound to a polyolefin-based film. The end result is essentially flat laminate rolls.

Below are the details of the tests carried out for the sheet according to the invention in order to determine its technical characteristics.

Tensile strength and elongation at break (according to the standard UNE-EN ISO 527-3 (96) / 2/100)

The perforation resistance (according to UNE 104.300)

Resistance to chemical agents

Chemical decomposition

The following Table 1 shows the results of tensile strength and tensile elongation tests for a number of samples of the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 4 of the waterproofing sheet 1. Both layers have substantially the same structure, being made of polyethylene, and therefore show similar strength characteristics. The tests were carried out in accordance with the UNE-EN ISO 527-3 (96) / 2/100 standard on the INSTRON 1122 dynamometer.

The following is a comparative example of the strength characteristics of layers 2 and 4 of the claimed waterproofing sheet (Table A) and the first sheet raffia sheet described in patent ES 2118035, which is coated with a plastic film (Table B).

The invention extends to the described waterproofing sheet, regardless of the particular choice of materials for manufacturing its components, but also on the shape and dimensions of these components or on the possible presence of additional auxiliary parts. These materials and parts can be replaced by their technical equivalents to the extent that they do not affect the essence of the invention and do not exceed the limits defined by the attached formula.

CLAIM

1. A waterproofing sheet comprising three layers: a first layer of plastic material providing a mechanical strength of the sheet, a second intermediate layer of a foam plastic forming a connection between the first and second layers and a third layer of impermeable plastic material, characterized in that the first layer is made of an elastomeric Polyethylene of high strength and elasticity, the second layer is made of closed cell foam prepared from physically or chemically crosslinked polyethylene, and the third layer is of polyethylene with high tear resistance, the thickness of the sheet is 3 to 50 mm, the tensile strength of the sheet Is in the range from 24 to 39 MPa, and elongation at break in the range from 550 to 900%.

2. A sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that channels are formed on the third layer.

3. A sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the third layer is made smooth.

4. A sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the first layer exhibits resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

print version
Date of publication on January 20, 2007

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