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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2280918
SOLAR POWER STATION
The name of the inventor: Prokopov Oleg Ivanovich (RU); Yarmukhametov Ural Rashitovich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Bashkir State Agrarian University (BGAU) (RU)
Address for correspondence: 450001, Ufa, ul. 50 years of October, 34, Bashkir State Agrarian University
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.04.21
The invention relates to solar power plants for converting solar radiant energy into electrical energy. The essence: the solar power plant includes a vertical shaft with an azimuth turn actuator, on which a solar photobattery equipped with an azimuth drive automatics system is fixed, and on the reverse side there is a system of automatic turn of the power plant from west to east, while the solar photobattery is divided into two equal parts of the vertical The partition, both parts of which are connected counter to the winding of the low-voltage relay of the drive automation of the turn of the power station. The technical result of the invention: simplifying the design and reducing its metal consumption, increasing reliability and reducing costs.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to solar power plants intended to convert solar radiant energy into electrical energy in both sunny and cloudy weather.
A solar power station is known, which includes a vertical and horizontal rotation shafts, the last of which has a solar photobattery [1].
The disadvantage of the power plant is low efficiency, because The zenithal installation is performed manually once a month or quarter, which corresponds to averaged azimuth in latitude and time of year. The daily rotation of the power plant is carried out automatically by means of two cylindrical (left and right) thermal drives heated by solar rays, which has low reliability in conditions of low temperatures and high wind loads. The disadvantage is the complete absence of the return of the station to the initial position "morning" [2].
The prototype of the invention is a solar power plant including a vertical shaft with azimuth rotation drive, on which a solar photobattery equipped with an automatic system of azimuth drive for tracking the sun is fixed, and on the back side of the solar photobattery in the opposite direction of azimuth tracking a command photocell including polarized Low-current and executive relays of the reversing drive.
The disadvantage of the prototype is the high metal content and complexity of the design, a large and complex automation system for tracking the sun, which leads to a decrease in reliability and increase in the cost of the power plant.
The present invention makes it possible to obtain a new technical effect - simplifying and reducing the metal capacity of the structure, simplifying the automation system for tracking the sun, increasing reliability and reducing the cost of the power plant.
This technical effect is achieved by the fact that the solar photobattery is fixed at an angle to the plane of the horizon equal to half the maximum zenithal angle of the sun and is divided into two equal parts, between which a vertical plate is fixed, mainly with a reflecting surface, with the same phases of the halves of the solar photobattery On the winding of a low-current polarized relay with separating diodes after the relay winding.
1 shows a general view of a solar power plant, a side view
FIG. 2 is a view of FIG. 1 of A
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of FIG. 2 in AA
4 shows an electrical diagram of a solar power plant
The solar power plant includes a base 1 on which a vertical shaft 3 with a frame 4 and a radial coupling 5 of the orientation of the vertical shaft 3 is mounted on the bearing 2. At the lower end of the shaft, a gear 6 is mounted with a worm shaft 7 of its drive equipped with a reversible electric drive 8 M) of direct current. At the upper end of the vertical shaft 3, a solar photobattery (PE) is rigidly fixed, consisting of two parts 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2), which are separated by a longitudinal partition 11 fixed by an edge with reflective side surfaces. A command photocell 12 (Фз) is installed behind (from the opposite side). The angle of installation of the solar photobattery (FE) to the vertical or horizontal is predominantly 45 °, i.e. The mean angle of the maximum zenithal angle of the sun. This is justified by the fact that, according to the law of physics, the reflection of the light beam from the angle of incidence on the glass occurs in the following percentages:
In the morning, the horizontal sunlight falls on the solar photobatter at an angle of 45 °. Virtually no horizontal rays and the first 15 ° rise of the sun over the horizon occurs in a few minutes, which can be neglected. Then for the beginning of the solar photobattery 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2), the angle of incidence of the sun's rays on its surface is equal to 30 °, which is a loss from the minimum reflection of 4.7% only by 0.2%. The total power of the solar photobattery 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) is installed at smaller angles of incidence of the sun's rays.
At full zenithal rise of the sun, the angle of incidence of solar rays on the surface of solar photobattery 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) for our latitudes is 35 °, and then only in June 20 ... 24, and then decreases to 30 ° and below , I.e. Constantly the photobattery will work at full capacity.
In the evening with sunset, the same picture is observed as in the morning with sunrise, in the reverse order.
Thus, there is no need for zenithal observation of the sun. Only azimuthal observation of the sun occurs with virtually no loss of power, but several times simplifies the design and electrical scheme of automation, increases reliability and reduces the cost of the power plant.
When using a solar power plant in equatorial conditions, it is necessary to install a solar photobarray 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) with a rotation of the angle of inclination by 8 ... 10 ° towards the zenithal rise of the sun.
The electrical scheme of the solar power plant includes a photovoltaic photovoltaic solar cell, which consists of two equal parts of the FE1 and FE2, which are brought through the diodes D1 and D2 to the common phase (in particular "-") of the power plant by the opposite poles (for example "-"). The voltmeter V and the winding of the low-current polarized relay RP1 with a neutral armature connected to the phase of the power plant, in particular "-", are connected between the opposite poles of the FE1 and FE2 to the diodes D1 and D2 and the rheostats R1 and R2, and the windings of the executive Relay PC1 and PC2, in particular the phase "+" power plant. The coil of polarized low-voltage relay RP2 with a neutral armature is connected to the rear command photocell Фз, which is connected to the phase "-" of the power plant via the normally closed contacts РС2.1, and the winding of the executive relay РС3 is connected to its side contact to the phase "+" of the power plant, at the same time The lateral contact of the RP2 is parallel to the normally open contacts of the PC3.1. The relays of the relays PC1 and PC2 are connected to the reversible electric drive 8 (M) of direct current, while their normally closed contacts PC1.1 and PC2.2 are closed in one phase of the supply, in particular "-", and normally open through limit switches, Right and KBL - left, for another phase, in particular "+" power plants. Contacts РС2.2 are parallel to the contacts РС3.2. A battery AK is installed between the phases of the power plant.
The power plant works as follows. In the case of azimuthal incidence of sunlight on a solar photobattery parallel to the plane of the longitudinal plate 12, regardless of the zenithal angle of incidence, both its parts 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) are in equal illuminance and both parts produce an electric current of equal potentials, the phases of which are electrically connected and on These potentials are summed up at the output of the station, and there is no potential difference between the phases 9 (FI1) and 10 (FE2) on the winding RP1, in particular "-", and no current flows through the winding RP1. As the sun moves azimuthally, from sunrise to sunset, the sun's rays begin to illuminate the western, i.e., the sun. Right half of the plate 11, whose surface reflects the sun's rays on the surface of the right part 9 (FE1) of the solar photobattery, thereby enhancing its activity. At the same time, the plate 11 casts a shadow and obscures the other, the left part 10 (FE2) of the solar photobattery, whose activity in the production of electric current is reduced. Between the phases of parts 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) there is a constantly increasing potential difference. In particular, this difference appears in the phases of the "-" halves 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2), the alignment of which does not occur due to the diodes D1 and D2 installed in each phase before they are connected. This potential difference begins to equalize through the winding of the low-current relay RP1; There is a current flowing through the winding of relay RP1 from left to right (according to the drawing), i.e. From 9 (FE1) to 10 (FE2). The relay RP1 is activated, its armature is closed to the left contact (according to the drawing) and puts the winding of the relay PC1 under the current. The relay PC1 operates and its normally closed contacts PC1.1 switches to normally open, i.e. Closes to the "+" phase via normally closed contacts of the right-hand KBP-limit switch. By the "minus" power circuit, normally closed contacts PC3.2 and PC2.2, normally open PC1.1 and normally closed KBPs, a reversible drive "M" of direct current is placed under the "plus" power supply under the current. The latter rotates its worm shaft 7 and through the cogwheel 6 rotates the vertical shaft 3 to the right along with the photovoltaics photovoltaic until the sun's rays align along the plane of the plate 11, thereby equalizing the illumination of the photovoltaic cells 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) FE, in which the same potential of electric current is established at the phases. The relay coil RP1 is de-energized, which releases its anchor, opens the left contact and de-energizes the relay PC1. The latter releases its anchor and opens its normally open contacts PC 1.1, thereby de-energizing the reversible electric drive 8 (M). The latter stops, the right turn of the entire power station stops. With further azimuthal displacement of the sun, the right turn of the power plant is carried out in the manner described before sunset.
The station sleeps "back" to the east.
When the sun rises in the morning, its rays enter the rear command photocell 12 (Фз), which generates an electric current to the low-current winding of relay РП2. The latter is triggered and closes its contact (right in the drawing) with its armature and puts the PC3 relay under the current. The PC3 relay via normally closed contacts PC2.1 triggers and closes its normally open contacts PC3.1, which are parallel to contacts FP2, which self-blocks. Simultaneously, the relay PC3 switches its contacts and closes normally open contacts PC3.2 and through the minus supply circuit, normally closed contacts PC 1.1, contacts PC3.2, normally closed contacts KVL (limit switch left) to the "plus" power supply under the current Reversible electric drive 8 (M) by reverse polarity. The drive 8 (M) through the worm shaft 7 and the gear 6 rotates the vertical shaft 3 to the left, i.e. Deploys the entire power plant from west to east. The photocell 12 (Фз) leaves from under solar radiation, the winding РП2 is de-energized and its anchor breaks its right contact. At this time, the closed contact PC3.1 keeps the PC3 under the self-locking current. In the scheme nothing has changed and the turn of the power station to the left continues as long as the solar photovoltaic photovoltaic cell gets into the solar rays, the left part 10 (FE2) of which falls under the sunlight with reflection on it from the plate 11, and the right part 9 (FE1) remains Which is darkened by a plate 11. At the phases of the halves 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2) of the photovoltaic photovoltaic solar cell, a potential difference arises with a predominance on the right. In the described way, current flows in the reverse direction through the winding РП1, РП1 closes its armature to the right contact and puts under the current the winding of the relay РС2. The relay PC2 is triggered and contacts PC2.2 closes its normally open contacts in parallel with the PC3.2 contacts. At the same time, the PC2 relay opens its PC2.1 contacts and breaks the power supply circuit of the PC3 relay, the latter breaks its PC3.1 self-locking contacts and the PC3.2 contacts in the power supply circuit of the M drive. However, the power supply of the "M" drive continues to be carried out by the closed state of the normally open contacts РС2.2 of the relay РС2. Turning the power station to the left continues until the azimuthal alignment of the illumination of parts 9 (FE1) and 10 (FE2), the potential difference between which is equalized, the winding RP1 is de-energized, its armature comes to neutral position, breaking its right contact, de-energizes the relay PC2, which releases its contacts PC2 .2 and de-energizes the reversible electric drive 8 (M). The turn of the power plant is stopped, the standby mode is established.
The further operation of the power plant is carried out as described. In any case, the stop of the power plant (its orientation) the azimuthal position will be restored.
Rheostats (resistors) R1 and R2, included in the phases, are auxiliary elements of the resistance circuit, which can serve to strengthen the phase potentials.
The voltmeter V, connected in parallel to the winding RP1, can serve for visual monitoring of phase potentials during tuning.
The battery AK is charged during operation of the power station in the daytime and serves as a source of the required power supply at night.
Limit switches KBP and KBL - right and left, serve to limit the right and left turns of the power plant.
INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Sunflower on solar panels. SPE "Kvant", Moscow, 2002.
2. The patent of the Russian Federation No. 2230395, M.kl. H 01 L 31/00, Solar Power Plant, BI No. 16, 2004.
CLAIM
A solar power plant including a vertical shaft with an azimuth turn actuator on which a solar photobattery equipped with an automatic system for azimuth drive for tracking the sun is attached and on the reverse side of the solar photobattery in the opposite side of the azimuth tracking a command photocell is installed, including polarized low-current and executive Relays of the reversing drive, characterized in that the solar photobattery is fixed at an angle to the plane of the horizon equal to half the maximum zenithal angle of the sun and is divided into two equal parts, between which a vertical plate is fixed, mainly with a reflecting surface, with the same phases of the halves of the solar photobattery Are connected to the winding of a low-current polarized relay with separating diodes after the relay winding.
print version
Date of publication 23.12.2006гг
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