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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2252334

VETROPNEVOTURBINA INSTALLATION WITH DIFFUSER WITH TWO INSERTS

VETROPNEVOTURBINA INSTALLATION WITH DIFFUSER WITH TWO INSERTS

The name of the inventor: Janson Richard Alexandrovich (RU); Tatyana Gennadievna Ryasnyanskaya (RU); Gasilov Alexey Vladimirovich
The name of the patent holder: Janson Richard Alexandrovich (RU); Tatyana Gennadievna Ryasnyanskaya (RU); Gasilov Alexey Vladimirovich
Address for correspondence: 121309, Moscow, ul. B. Filyovskaya, 17, apt.148, R.A. Janson
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.09.29

(EN) The invention relates to wind power and is used in horizontal axial wind installations with a pneumatic method of transferring wind power from a wind turbine to a consumer (electric generator). The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the pneumatic transmission and an increase in the coefficient of wind energy utilization, which are achieved, firstly, by placing a freely rotating wind wheel with hollow blades inside the atmospheric diffuser at the entrance to it, and secondly, due to Use when braking the flow in the diffuser of the kinetic energy of air jets leaving the T-shaped peripheral devices of the hollow blades. When the wind turbine rotates, the useful power developed by it is expended for pumping air inside hollow blades and peripheral devices that rotate in the annular niche on the inner wall of the diffuser. As a result, a pressure below atmospheric pressure is established in the pneumatic highway, which makes it possible for the ground-based air turbine to operate due to a pressure drop between atmospheric pressure and pressure in the pneumatic highway. The air turbine drives the electric generator. The use of the kinetic energy of the air stream emerging from the peripheral device occurs after the passage of this air through the annular channel into the boundary layer on the inner wall of the diffuser, where an air stream of circumferentially spaced individual jets is injected through the annular channel. The second injection into the annular channel downstream is carried out due to the kinetic energy of the external atmospheric flow and the difference in static pressures on the outer and inner walls of the diffuser. The operation of the wind turbine-turbine plant is controlled by turning the blades, changing the air flow through the air turbine by means of a regulated nozzle apparatus and increasing the air flow through the hollow blades by opening the adjustable channels in the end of the gondola.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, namely wind energy installations.

It is known a device (wind turbine-turbine plant) that converts the energy of the air flow into the mechanical power of the electric generator drive by means of a free-running horizontal-axial wind wheel with hollow blades mounted on the mast-pipe, a ground-based air turbine and connecting them by means of a mast-pipe of a pneumatic highway with air pressure below atmospheric pressure / 1 / is a prototype. The drawbacks of this wind power unit include a reduced efficiency of pneumatic transmission, which is about 0.5, and an increased chord chord size. The increase in the size of the chord of the blade especially at its periphery is due to flow within the blade with an allowable speed of the required amount of air. This causes an increase in profile losses, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the windmill; And reduces the calculated value of the aerodynamic coefficient of the lift force of the profile C y , which leads to an overload of the wind turbine with an increase in the wind speed above the calculated value. The reduced efficiency of pneumatic transmission is largely due to the fact that it is impossible to use the significant kinetic energy leaving the air blast in the prototype.

A device is known that converts the energy of the air flow into the mechanical power of the electric generator drive by means of a horizontal-axial wind turbine with a wind turbine having a diffuser with injection of atmospheric air into the boundary layer on its inner wall (/ 2 / p.134 et seq.) - an analogue. One of the drawbacks of this wind turbine is the location of electromechanical equipment in the tower, above the ground, which complicates installation, maintenance and repair.

The object of the invention, which is addressed by the following technical solutions, is to increase the effective operation of a wind farm with a pneumatic method for transferring the power of the wind flow to a consumer using a wind turbine with an atmospheric diffuser and hollow blades in which an air compression process takes place, a ground air turbine in which It is necessary to obtain useful work in the process of expansion of atmospheric air in it, and the connecting air motorway, whose air pressure is less than atmospheric.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of pneumatic transmission and an increase in the coefficient of use of wind energy.

The solution of the task at hand to achieve the claimed technical result is carried out in the following ways.

1) An atmospheric diffuser is added to the wind turbine layout of the prototype / 1 /. Just as in the case of analogue / 2 /, the installation behind the windmill of the diffuser with the injection of the atmospheric air stream allows to reduce the static pressure behind the windmill, increase the air flow through it and the power extracted from the air flow. An increase in the feed speed ahead of the wind turbine makes it possible to increase the circumferential velocity at the periphery of the blade while maintaining the optimum value of the high-speed coefficient. In contrast to the analogue / 2 / with a wind turbine having continuous blades, the increase in circumferential velocity at the periphery of the blade leads in this case to the achievement of a new technical result, namely, to an increase in the degree of pressure increase in the process of compressing air inside the channel of the hollow blade, . To an increase in the vacuum behind the air turbine and, consequently, to an increase in the degree of reduction of the total pressure in the air turbine, with a fixed value of its power. This makes it possible to reduce the air flow inside the blade, as a result of which the total loss of kinetic energy of the air jet leaving the blade decreases, the blade chord decreases, its mass decreases, the profile losses decrease, and as a result both the efficiency of the windmill and the efficiency of the pneumatic transmission increase. In addition, with a small absolute value of the degree of reduction of the total pressure in the air turbine (in the prototype of the order of 1.05 ... 1.08), its increase raises the efficiency of the air turbine. At the same time, a decrease in the chord of the blade leads to an increase in the lift coefficient C y and allows to reduce the overload of the windmill as the wind speed increases above the calculated speed.

2) The internal surface of the diffuser at a certain distance from its entrance is made in the form of an annular niche in which the peripheral devices of the hollow blades rotate. The peripheral devices are T-shaped, which makes it possible to form a stream of air emerging from them in the form of streams slightly curved around the axis of the windmill. These jets then enter the annular channel located under the inner surface of the diffuser and come out to its inner surface in the boundary layer in front of its possible detachment from the wall, being the first injection, in the form of separate circumferentially rotating jets, the number of which is equal to the number of blades. The injection of air into the boundary layer on the wall of the diffuser leads to an increase in the efficiency of the process of braking the flow in the diffuser, to the possibility of increasing the angle of its opening, i.e. To a decrease in its length. Thus, the installation of an atmospheric diffuser in a windmill with hollow blades, in contrast to an analogue / 2 /, having a wind turbine with continuous blades, leads to the achievement of one more new technical result, namely, it improves the energy indices of the process of increasing the static pressure in the diffusor due to the use of kinetic The energy of the air jets emerging from the hollow blades of the windmill.

VETROPNEVOTURBINA INSTALLATION WITH DIFFUSER WITH TWO INSERTS VETROPNEVOTURBINA INSTALLATION WITH DIFFUSER WITH TWO INSERTS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wind-turbine-turbine plant with a diffuser having two blow-in air to a boundary layer on its inner wall. FIG. 2 shows a scan of the cross section B-B of the peripheral device and the channels supplying the injected jets to the injection slot. FIG. 3 is a cross-section AA for a three-blade wind turbine. 4 is a sectional view of the C-C of the peripheral device.

The wind turbine-turbine plant consists of the following main units: a wind turbine 1, an atmospheric diffuser 3 with two annular channels 8 and 7 for injection, a hollow mast-pneumatic main 16, a ground air turbine 17 generating the useful power of an electric generator 20. The wind turbine 1 (free-rotating wind wheel) A rotor and hollow blades 2, at the periphery of which there are T-shaped peripheral air outlet devices 4. On the inner surface of the diffuser 3, at a certain distance from its entrance, an annular niche 5 is rotated in which the peripheral devices 4 rotate. The rotor 1 rotates freely in the bearing supports 13. The hollow blades 2 are aerodynamically connected through a hollow rotor and a pneumatic main 16 with an air surface turbine 17. The turbine 17 is mechanically connected, possibly via a reducer 19, to an electric generator 20. The diffuser 3 is structurally connected to the gondola 11 by means of posts 9 and has two annular channels on the inner surface: a channel 7 for blowing into the boundary layer of the outer wind flow and an air injection channel 8, (FIG. 2, 3, 4) is made in the form of a hollow T-shaped canopy within which there are curved channels (for example, three channels 21, 22, 23) in the form of a jet 30 from the peripheral device 4 of the hollow blade 2. The peripheral device 4 , Which extend the inner hollow channel 24 of the blade 2. The channels 21, 22, 23 guide the outgoing air flow along the chord 29 of the blade 2. The front portion 25 of the peripheral device 4 has a streamlined aerodynamic shape with flat lateral surfaces in the direction of the length of the blade 2. The annular channel 6 In the diffuser 3 is divided by internal profiled blades 27 into separate interblade channels 28 having a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction of flow. Exit angle The blade 27 may not be equal to zero. The length L of the interscapular channel 27 is determined by the following conditions: the time of flight of the air particle along the interscapular channel 27 should be less than the time interval from the moment of rotation of the circumference of one peripheral device 4 from the entrance to this channel until the appearance of another peripheral device 4 there. Rotating rotor 1 and nacelle 11 is a labyrinth 10. Air turbine 17 has a rotatable adjustable nozzle device 18. At the end of the nacelle 11 there are adjustable air intake channels 12 into the pneumatic main.

The wind turbine-turbine plant works as follows. With the help of a hydro- or electromechanical drive 15 and a turning device 14, the wind farm is oriented to the direction of the wind. The wind flow winds the wind turbine 1, so the useful power developed on its rotor is expended for pumping air inside the hollow blades 2. As a result, the pressure in the airway 16 is set lower than atmospheric pressure, which enables the ground-based air turbine 17 to operate by using a pressure drop between atmospheric pressure And the pressure in the pneumatic duct 16, driving the generator 20. Air passing through the air turbine 17, the pneumatic main 16 and the hollow blades 2 leaves the peripheral devices 4 at a relative speed W c in the form of a jet 30 (depicted in its relative motion) and, Having a circumferential component of the velocity U, enters the annular channel 6 at an absolute velocity C c, periodically passing through the inter-port channels 28, from which this air flow generates an annular blow-up on the wall of the diffuser. The length of the interscapular channel 28 ensures that there is at least one portion of air in it, which is discharged in the form of a jet 30 from the peripheral device 4. This eliminates the recurrent movement of air through the inter-pathway 28 from the high pressure region when exiting it into the reduced pressure region when entering it. The additional filling of the interblade channels 28 with the oncoming airflow from the diffuser is provided by the action of the surface 26 of the peripheral device 4 on the airflow flowing onto its front part 25 having a relative speed W 1a (FIG. 2). Departing from the surface 26 with the relative velocity W 2a and obtaining a transport velocity U a, this air flow enters the inter-port channel 28 at an absolute velocity C a . The blowing of the ambient air flowing around the diffuser into the annular channel 7 and then to the boundary layer on the diffuser wall occurs due to the kinetic energy of this external flow and the pressure difference on the outer and inner surfaces of the diffuser. The operation of the wind turbine-turbine plant is controlled by turning the blades 2 to change the installation angle (The rotation mechanism is not shown), but also by changing the air flow rate through the air turbine 17 by the rotation mechanism of its nozzle apparatus 18 and by increasing the air flow through the hollow blades 2 by opening the adjustable channels 12 at the end of the nacelle 11.

The possibility of carrying out the invention is confirmed by using, as a prototype and analog, devices that were previously manufactured and successfully operated. According to the patent / 1 / (prototype) in 1953 the English company Enfild Cables Ltd produced a wind turbine with a pneumatic transmission having an electric generator with a power of 100 kW / 3 /. According to the scheme of the wind turbine with the diffuser (analog) in 1996 in New Zealand the Vortec-7 wind turbine was installed and put into operation with an electric generator with the power of 1000 kW / 4 /.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. German patent number 900079, cl. F 03 D 11/02.

2. "Wind power", Ed. D. de Renzo. Trans. With the English. Ed. Ya.I. Shefter. - Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1982. - 272 p.

3. Wind - Generated Electricity. Prototype 100-kW Plant. "Engineering". V.180, No. 4652, 1955. (March 25, 1955). - P.371-374.

4. Bruce Cole. New turbine could offer low cost wind power. "Modem Rotor Systems". August 1977. - P.27-30.

CLAIM

Wind turbine-turbine plant with a diffuser having two blow-ups, containing a freely rotating wind wheel with hollow blades, an air turbine located on the ground and generating useful power, an air motor connecting the hollow blades of a wind wheel and an air turbine, and an atmospheric diffuser, while on the inner wall of the diffuser there is an annular A niche in which the peripheral devices of the hollow blades rotate and channels for two annular blowing into the boundary layer that arises on the inner wall of the diffuser of the external atmospheric airflow and the air flow leaving the peripheral devices of the hollow blades and then passing through the first annular blowing channel which is located Under the inner surface of the wall of the diffuser and divided by curved blades into separate interblade channels, from which this airflow creates an annular blowing on the wall of the diffuser, consisting of circumferentially rotating jets.

print version
Publication date 31.01.2007gg