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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2273765
Wind turbine for wind turbine
The name of the inventor: Gdanskiy Nikolai Ivanovich (RU); Maltsevsky Vladislav Vasilievich
The name of the patent holder: Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology
Address for correspondence: 105066, Moscow, ul. Staraya Basmannaya, 21/4, to the Vice-rector for scientific work A.V. Katalymov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.11.10
The invention relates to wind energy and is intended for use in areas with low wind speeds. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of the structure by providing an automatic orientation of the blades relative to the wind flow and protecting the windmill from overloads in breeze winds. The windmill includes a rotating frame in a fixed body, on which shafts with rigidly fixed blades and a rotary shaft are mounted, the rotary shaft and the shafts of the blades being provided with asterisks with hubs which are connected by chain gears with a constant ratio of angular velocities of 2: 1. The wind vane is rigidly fixed to the pivot shaft, the half of the sprocket sprockets are pivotable by 180 °, and a longitudinal slot is made in the hub, the swivel shaft being hollow with a profiled slot and slots in the lower part, a rod with a finger included in it A profiled slot and an aperture of the sprocket sprocket, and on the reverse end of the rod, a slotted bushing with a stopper is inserted in the slots of the rotary shaft, wherein a movable actuator is mounted in the fixed housing and the end of the rod is coupled with relative rotation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to wind energy and is intended for use in areas with low wind speeds. This design makes it possible to improve the reliability of the windmill in breeze winds.
There is a known windmill (RF patent No. 2070659, cl. F 03 D 3/02, 7/06, 1994), in which a central frame is mounted with vertically arranged blades that can rotate about their axes and are connected by gears to the pinion gear , Rigidly connected with a weather vane, loaded in the direction of engagement, and the ratio of the gear transmission from the weather vane to the blades is 1: 2.
The main disadvantages of the well-known wind power unit are: the use of gears of rather complex construction and the discrete nature of the mechanism's operation, which protects the unit from storm winds. Gears for efficient operation require adjustment of the gearing and constant presence of grease in the contacts, which greatly complicates the design, increases its cost and reduces reliability. And transmission data significantly increase the inertia of the entire structure in rotary motion, which reduces its efficiency at low wind speeds. The discrete nature of the triggering of the protective mechanism leads to the fact that the stopping of the unit and the orientation of its blades in the wind should be performed when the maximum possible wind speed and, correspondingly, the maximum rotations of the frame with blades are reached.
The closest to each other is the wind power plant (RF patent No. 2030777, cl. F 03 D 3/02, 7/06, 1995) containing a vertical rotary shaft in a fixed body with traverses on which the shafts of the blades are rotatably mounted, The shaft and shafts of the blades are equipped with asterisks, which are connected by chain gears with a constant ratio of angular velocities of 2: 1. The orientation of the wind of the swivel shaft with the block of sprockets is carried out through an additional gear mechanism using additional devices that take into account the direction of the wind.
The main disadvantages of this design are:
1) the need for an additional device that provides orientation of the installation to the wind,
2) the lack of a mechanism to protect it from storm winds.
The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the structure by providing an automatic orientation of the blades relative to the wind flow and protecting the windmill from overloads in breeze winds.
The task is achieved in that in a windmill comprising a frame rotating in a stationary body on which shafts with fixed blades and a rotary shaft are mounted with rotation, the rotary shaft and shafts of the blades being provided with sprocket sprockets that are connected by chain drives with a constant A ratio of angular velocities of 2: 1 according to the invention, according to the invention, a weather vane is rigidly fixed on the pivot shaft, half of the sprockets of the swivel shaft are pivotable by 180 °, and a longitudinal slot is provided in the hub, the swivel shaft being hollow with a profiled slot and slots in the lower part , A rod with a finger entering the profiled slot and a slot of the sprocket hub is mounted inside it, and a slotted bushing with a stopper is inserted at the reverse end of the rod, with a stopper entering the splines of the rotational shaft, and in the fixed housing there is installed a forward motion drive with a movable actuating member, With which, with the possibility of relative rotation, the end of the rod is connected.
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FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure, FIG. 2 is a view AA, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the BB, FIG. 4 is a top view of the windmill from the working position of the windmill, FIG. 5 is a top view of the windmill At the stopped position of the windmill. In the fixed housing 1, the shaft 3 of the rotary frame 4 of the windmill is mounted on bearings 2. Inside the shaft 3, a rotating shaft 6 is mounted on the bearings 5. A weather vane 7 and a chain sprocket 8 are fixed to the wind vane of the weather vane 6. And a rotatable chain sprocket 9 having a longitudinal slot 10 in the hub 11 is mounted on the pivoting shaft 6 with a pivoting angle of 180 °. On the frame 4, in the bearings 12, there are mounted shafts 13 with fixed sprockets 14, 15 and blades 16, 17. The turning sprocket 9 is connected to the sprockets 14 by a chain 18 with a constant ratio of angular velocities of 2: 1 (from asterisk 9 to asterisks 14). The fixed sprocket 8 of the rotational shaft 6 is similarly connected to the sprockets 15 by means of a chain 19. Inside the rotational shaft 6 there is a rod 20 whose finger 21 enters the screw slot 22 of the rotational shaft 6. At the bottom, the stem 20 is connected to the shaft via a rotatably mounted spline sleeve 23, 3 and enters the bearings 24. A stopper 25 is rigidly attached to the spline hub 25. The limit switches 26, 27 are rigidly mounted in the housing 1. The forward drive is designed as a geared motor 28, in which the nut 30 acting as a movable actuator Engagement with a screw 29 rigidly fixed to the output shaft of the geared motor 28. From the rotation, the nut 30 is held by the protrusions 31 entering into the slots of the casing 1. The nut 30 through the sleeve 32 is rigidly connected to the outer rings of the bearings 24. and a wind speed sensor is mounted on the casing 1 33. |
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Let's consider the functioning of the wind turbine using the example of a four-bladed design.
In the working position with a wind speed v not exceeding the critical 
Cr ( 
Kp), the windmill frame 4 (FIG. 4) rotates due to the difference of the front resistance of the blades to the incoming wind flow counterclockwise at a certain angular velocity 
. The stem 20 is in its lowest position. Its finger 21 through the screw slot 22 of the rotational shaft 6 and the longitudinal slot 10 in the hub retains the pivoting sprocket 9 in a position where the blades 16 and 17 of the windmill rotate relative to the housing at an angular velocity / 2, taking the most advantageous position in relation to the wind flow. The orientation of the asterisks 8 and 9 mounted on the rotary shaft 6, with respect to the wind flow, is provided by the weather vane 7.
When the wind speed is exceeded Critical value Cr ( > Cr ), the signal from the wind speed sensor 33 switches on the motor-reducer 28 by moving the stem 20 with the nut 30 upwards inside the shaft of the weather vane 6 until the supply chain of the motor-reducer 28 is opened by the limit switch 26. Two actions are performed:
1) the pin 21 of the rod 20 through the screw slot 22 of the rotational shaft 6 and the longitudinal slot 10 in the hub turns the rotational sprocket 9 by 180 °, unfolding through the chain drive the blades 15 90 ° along the stroke (in FIG. 5, the dashed lines show the position of the blades 16 At the working position of the windmill),
2) the shaft 3 of the rotary frame 4 of the windmill is fixed relative to the rotational shaft 6 by means of a stopper 25 resting against the lock formed in the wall of the rotational shaft 6.
In this case, the blades of the windmill occupy constant symmetrical positions at angles of ± 22.5 ° with respect to the direction of the wind flow, which provides a significant reduction in the aerodynamic drag of the entire structure.
When the speed drops below the critical value, the signal from the wind speed sensor 33 reverses the geared motor 28 by lowering the stem 20 downwardly with the nut 30 until the feed circuit of the geared motor 28 is opened by the limit switch 27. The shaft 3 The rotary frame 4 of the windmill with the rotary shaft 6 and the blades 16 return to the operating state, after which the windmill starts normal operation.
Thus, by ensuring the automatic orientation of the blades in the wind, and fixing the windmill frame relative to the weather vane, reducing the windage of the entire windmill, the reliability of the entire structure is increased.
CLAIM
A wind turbine comprising a frame rotatable in a fixed body on which shafts with fixed blades and a rotary shaft are mounted with rotation, and the rotary shaft and shafts of the blades are provided with sprocket wheels which are connected by chain gears with a constant ratio of angular velocities of 2: 1, Characterized in that the weather vane is rigidly fixed on the pivot shaft, the half of the sprockets of the swivel shaft is pivotable by 180 °, and a longitudinal slot is provided in the hub, the swivel shaft being hollow with a profiled slot and slots in the lower part, The finger entering the profiled slot and the aperture of the sprocket sprocket, and at the reverse end of the rod, a slotted bushing with a stopper entering the splines of the rotational shaft is mounted, and in the fixed case there is installed an actuator with a movable actuating member with which the relative rotation The end of the rod is connected.
print version
Publication date 31.01.2007gg
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