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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2168062

VETROGENERATOR

The name of the inventor: Ivashincov DA; A. Ryzhov; Kuznetsov MV; Kryvoy VN; Zuev N.V.
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering named after BE Vedeneev
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.12.07

The invention relates to the field of wind power, namely to wind power units intended for charging a battery and supplying various consumers. The technical result, which consists in reducing the overall dimensions, weight and cost of the wind turbine and expanding the working range of wind speeds, is achieved due to the fact that a wind generator containing a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator whose rotor has permanent magnets and is connected to a wind wheel and the stator is made of a laminated magnetic circuit with Windings according to the invention has two identical stators whose magnetic circuits are made in the form of flat rings with the flat windings installed on their end part and facing each other, and the rotor is made in the form of a non-magnetic disk with permanent magnets embedded in it, Stator windings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of wind power, in particular to wind power units intended for charging a battery and supplying various consumers, for example, electric lighting devices, radio and television receivers, etc., in areas and objects without power supply.

There are known gearless wind turbines or wind generators that have an impeller wind wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and a magnetoelectric generator with permanent magnets. The rotor segments with permanent magnets are mounted directly on the wings (blades) of the wind wheel and rotate with it, and the stationary segments of the stator with the corresponding air gap are mounted opposite the rotor segments and are made in the form of a circular stator or in the form of arc stators, author's certificates of the USSR: N 868105, F 03 D 9/00; N 861715, F 03 D 1/00; N 861716, F 03 D 1/00; N 969948, F 03 D 1/00.

A significant disadvantage of all these analogues is their low efficiency due to low aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel, due to a violation of the normal aerodynamic flow past the latter and large aerodynamic losses caused by the stator and rotor segments. In addition, the uneven air gap between the segments of the rotor and the stator creates a large torque of winding the wind wheel, which makes it possible to start the rotation only at a relatively high wind speed.

The above-mentioned drawbacks deprived of a gearless wind generator according to the author's certificate of the USSR N 1737151, F 03 D 9/00. This wind power unit includes a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator whose rotor is connected to the wind wheel and is made in the form of two steel rings with permanent magnets fixed to them, the opposite pole of the magnets having the same polarity and the stationary stator with the winding being located between the rotor rings.

By the number of similar signs and the result achieved, this wind turbine is the closest to the claimed and adopted for the prototype. The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of the generator due to the significant magnetic fluxes due to the installation of permanent rotor magnets on steel rings with the placement of magnets of the same polarity against each other. With this generator design, part of the flow of expensive permanent magnets is not used.

The object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of the wind power unit by reducing the fluxes of scattering of permanent magnets.

The essence of the claimed invention is expressed in the following set of essential features sufficient to achieve the above technical result.

According to the invention, a wind generator comprising a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator whose rotor has permanent magnets and is connected to the wind wheel and the stator is made of a laminated magnetic core with windings is characterized in that the generator has two identical stators whose magnetic drives are made in the form of flat rings with their The end part and facing flat windings, and the rotor is made of a non-magnetic material in the form of a disk and is equipped with fixed magnets embedded in it, the rotor disc being located between the stator windings.

This is the set of essential characteristics that ensures the receipt of a technical result in all cases to which the claimed object of legal protection applies.

In addition, the claimed solution has optional features that characterize its particular cases, specific forms of its material embodiment or special conditions for its use, namely:

- magnetic cores of stators with windings are installed with the possibility of mutual displacement in the tangential direction by an angle of up to 120 ° with subsequent fixation;

- The wind generator contains a switching device with the possibility of switching the stator windings in series or in parallel, depending on the wind speed.

The claimed technical solution is new, since it is characterized by the presence of a new set of features that are absent in all known equipment objects of a similar purpose.

The immediate technical result that can be obtained by implementing the claimed set of features is as follows.

1. It is useful to use both incoming and outgoing magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnets of the rotor, while the scattering fluxes are minimal.

2. With weak winds and low speed of the wind generator, the stator windings are switched in series, which allows maintaining the voltage at the output of the wind generator. And in strong winds and increased frequency of rotation of the wind generator, the stator windings are switched in parallel, which limits the excessive increase in the voltage at the output of the wind generator.

Obtaining the mentioned technical result provides for the appearance of a number of new useful properties in the object of the invention as a whole, namely, reduction of the dimensions, mass and cost of the wind generator, the possibility of starting its rotation in weak winds, and expanding the working range of wind speeds.

This allows us to recognize the claimed technical solution with the appropriate criterion "inventive step".

DRAWING OF THE WIND GENERATOR DRAWING OF THE WIND GENERATOR
SCHEME OF THE WIND GENERATOR SCHEME OF THE WIND GENERATOR

The claimed wind generator is illustrated in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a variant with a rotating shaft when the wind wheel is located in front of the mast; FIG. 2 shows a variant with a fixed shaft when the wind wheel is positioned behind the mast; FIG. FIG. 3 shows a variant with an electrical circuit of a wind generator with single-phase stator windings and an AC output; 4 shows a variant with an electric circuit of a wind generator with three-phase windings of stators with rectifiers and a DC output.

The wind generator comprises a wind wheel 1 and a magnetoelectric generator 2 whose disk-shaped rotor 3 is located on the shaft 4. A wind wheel 1 is also located on the same shaft 4. The rotor 3 of the non-magnetic material has permanent magnets 5, 6 fixed therein. Two fixed stators 7 and 8 In the embodiment of FIG. 1, structurally aligned with the generator boards) have magnetic circuits in the form of laminated flat rings 9 and 10 from a ferromagnetic tape with windings 11, 12 on the end part. The generator 2 with a wind wheel 1 is mounted on the mast 13, 14 in the direction of the wind.

With the arrangement of the wind wheel 1 with the generator 2 behind the mast 13, it is known that the direction of the wind without winding can be provided. In this embodiment, the wind wheel 1 is mounted directly on the body of the generator 2, which is rotatable relative to the stationary shaft 4. The disk-shaped rotor of the non-magnetic material 3 is connected to the rotating body of the generator 2 and has permanent magnets 5, 6. On the fixed shaft 4, two disk stators 7 and 8, in which the laminated flat rings 9 and 10 of ferromagnetic tape are mounted, on the end part of which windings 11, 12 are installed.

The stator rings 9 and 10 together with the windings 11, 12 are arranged to be reciprocally displaceable in a tangential direction up to 120 ° with subsequent fixing.

In the case of winding with ferromagnetic teeth, due to this displacement, the torque of the wind turbine is reduced, which makes it possible to start the rotation of the wind generator in weak winds.

As shown in FIG. 3, the single-phase windings 11 and 12 of the stators of the generator 2 can be switched in series or in parallel by means of a switching device KU having two normally open contacts K1 and K2 and one normally-closed contact K3. In general, the switching device CU can be performed both on electromagnetic and semiconductor elements.

In Fig. 4, the three-phase windings 11 and 12 of the stators of the generator 2 are connected respectively to the rectifiers B1 and B2, whose outputs can be switched in series or in parallel by means of the switching device KU.

WORK OF THE WIND GENERATOR CONCLUDES IN THE FOLLOWING

In the presence of wind, the wind wheel 1 rotates, along with the wind wheel 1, the associated rotor disk 3 of the generator 2 rotates. Here, the flux of permanent magnets 5, 6 intersects the stationary stator windings 11, 12, in which the EMF is induced. Moreover, due to the arrangement of the rotor disk 3, between the windings 11, 12, both incoming and outgoing magnetic fluxes of the rotor are used, which are closed through the stator rings 9 and 10 from the ferromagnetic tape. Scattering of the flux of magnets at the same time is minimal, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions, mass and cost of the wind generator.

With weak winds and a low speed of the wind generator, the normally open contacts K1 and K2 of the switching device KU are open, and the normally closed contact K3 is closed. In this case, the stator windings 11 and 12 are connected in series, which allows maintaining the voltage at the output of the wind turbine and expanding the operating range of wind speeds towards the weak winds. This is especially important for areas with low average annual wind speed.

In areas with a high average annual wind speed, with strong winds and increased wind speed, the switching device KU switches, with the normally open contacts K1 and K2 being closed, and the normally-closed contact K3 is opened. In this case, the stator windings 11 and 12 are connected in parallel, which allows to limit the excessive increase in the voltage at the output of the wind generator and to expand the operating range of wind speeds towards strong winds.

In general, the switching of the switching device CU can be automated.

CLAIM

1. A wind generator comprising a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator whose rotor has permanent magnets and is connected to the wind wheel, and the stator is made of a bonded magnetic core with windings, characterized in that the generator has two identical stators whose magnetic cores are made in the form of flat rings mounted on their The end part and facing flat windings, and the rotor is made in the form of a non-magnetic disk with fixed permanent magnets, while the rotor disk is located between the stator windings.

2. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic cores of the stators with windings are arranged to be reciprocally displaceable in the tangential direction by an angle of up to 120 ° with subsequent fixation.

3. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a switching device with the possibility of switching the stator windings in series or in parallel, depending on the wind speed.

print version
Publication date 31.01.2007gg