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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2178830

CONTROL METHOD PTO wind flow and wind power generating apparatus

METHOD OF PTO wind flow
And wind power generating apparatus

Name of the inventor: Lavrent'ev Nikolai (BY); Khlebtsevich Vsevolod A.
The name of the patentee: Nikolai Lavrentiev (BY); Khlebtsevich Vsevolod A.
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1999.09.09

The invention relates to wind energy, namely to designs of wind turbines. The technical result consists in increasing the productivity vetrorotora, improving reliability and durability, ensured by the fact that in a method for controlling power take the wind flow, the swept vetrorotorom wind power generating apparatus further comprising forming a vortex compacted around its periphery in an area adjacent to vetrorotoru according the invention form a vortex helicoid continuous wind jets around the perimeter vetrorotora from the windward to the leeward area of ​​the wind flow, sweeping vetrorotorom. Said method is implemented in the respective wind power device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the mechanics, to the field of construction of wind power plants, and can be used in various fields of economic activity.

Known power control method selection wind flow, the swept wind power wind wheel device (WPU) depending on the velocity of the incoming wind flow through the rotor speed wind wheel (1).

The known method is technologically difficult to implement, has a low reliability, and low power utilization factor of wind flow.

The closest technical solution taken as a prototype, is a method of controlling the PTO wind flow, the sweeping wind wheel wind energy devices, including changing vetrorotora speed depending on the speed of the free air flow, while in the process of a method for producing a change of rotation, the angle of attack of the blade vetrotora relatively its longitudinal axis (2).

The known method provides a constant lift on the blades vetrotora.

The disadvantage of the known method is manifested in the fact that it does not provide the optimization of the incoming wind flow and, consequently, reduces the possibility of choosing the optimal value of the power turbine wind turbine.

Known designs of wind power devices containing vetrorotor cylindrical and conical shape with a vertical axis of rotation and straight blades, having at least two drop-shaped aerodynamic blade section and a generator which is kinematically connected through a gear vetrorotora rotation axis (1).

The closest technical solution taken as a prototype, is a wind power generating device vetrorotorom Darya, which has a vertical axis of rotation with two or more blades, curved along a vertical plane and drop-shaped aerodynamic profile section. Oval blades form a spatial structure that is rotated by the lift forces generated on the blades out of the wind (2).

The advantage of the known device in a sufficiently high value of the coefficient of wind energy to 0.30-0.35 at high operating wind speeds. In addition, wind turbines Darya cinematically not need a mechanism of orientation to the wind.

The disadvantage of the known design is associated with significant changes in the blade flow conditions flow per vetrorotora turnover cycles in service, reaching a million times. This leads to a decrease in reliability due to a sharp shift vertical blades of the zone of laminar wind flow turbulence for vetrorotorom, which is accompanied by the phenomenon of single jerks at low revs vetrorotora followed with increasing speed the emergence of self-oscillation, resulting in resonant destruction of both elements vetrorotora so and the gear housing, the foundation supports or wind power, which ultimately leads to reduced performance of wind turbines.

The object of the invention to increase productivity vetrorotora, improve the reliability and structural strength vetrorotora and the device as a whole by creating a vortex flow into the inner cavity vetrorotora ensuring pulling the wind flow inside vetrorotora designs on the principle of turbine vetronasosa, but also a smooth transition of the blade on the upwind zone to leeward with respect to the wind turbine.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the process of management of the wind flow PTO swept vetrorotorom wind power generating apparatus further comprising forming a vortex compacted on its perimeter, in the area adjacent to the vetrorotoru according to the invention a vortex formed helicoid continuous wind streams on vetrotora perimeter from the windward to the leeward zone wind flow swept vetrorotorom.

Technologically, that in the process output axial zone of the vortex into the inner cavity vetrorotora force would create a vacuum, and the windward side of the vortex in the front area, ie. Is, at the entrance into the inner cavity vetrorotora form of forced suction air mass with negative pressure along the axis of the vortex.

Preferably, in the method upwind edge vortex forming additional suction air mass along an axis vetrorotora is directed at an angle to the axis of the wind flow.

Apply and the method further sucking air mass along the axis of the vortex by forcing the formation of a vortex in the form of helicoid jet in the vortex controlled by diametrical and axial parameters.

The task is achieved, and by the fact that the wind energy device for implementing the method, comprising a horizontal base vetrorotor with vertical rotation axis, having at least two airfoil section blades, a generator which is kinematically connected through a gearbox to the shaft vetrorotora according to the invention, the vertical axis vetrorotora rotation forms an obtuse or an acute angle with the horizontal plane of the base section and aerodynamic profile blades made grooved with a helical twist around the shaft vetrorotora and have the shape of the helix rotation, t. e. in the form of a helix rotation grooved profile.

And the object is achieved by the fact that the blades of the aerodynamic profile of the grooved section formed in the shape of spatial rotation cylindroid.

One option for achieving the problem is that the blades of the aerodynamic profile of the grooved section formed in the shape of spatial konusoida rotation.

Preferably, the inboard vetrorotore a base plane and a peripheral ground plane cylindroid and / or rotation konusoida would be mounted, respectively, two propeller blades with aerodynamic drop-shaped cross section.

Structurally, in order to vetrorotore cylindroid blades and / or konusoida rotation would be cinematically linked with the aerodynamic blades of drop-shaped cross-section by means of hinges.

Technologically, the blades of the two windwheels would be provided with a means of changing the angle of inclination of the longitudinal axis of the blade propeller to a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor.

Preferably, at least one of windwheels be provided with means uglopovorota propeller axis of rotation vetrorotora.

Variation to at least one of windwheels be provided with means for translational movement along the axis of rotation of the propeller vetrorotora.

The invention is illustrated by a drawing, where

METHOD OF PTO wind flow and wind power generating apparatus DRAWING wind turbines

FIG. 1 - general view of the wind turbine with konusoidalnym vetrorotorom vertical axis of rotation;

FIG. 2 - general view of the wind turbine with tsilindroidnym vetrotorom to the corner axis of rotation;

FIG. 3 - a diagram of the front of the wind flow, sweeping grooved blade;

FIG. 4 - wind flow diagram for the grooved blade;

FIG. 5 - control scheme konusoidnogo wind power unit (Figure 5 - the lower part of the circuit type of "right.");

FIG. 6 - control scheme tsilindroidnogo wind power unit (Figure 6 -. The upper part of the form is turned).

Wind power generating unit (turbine) with a horizontal base 1 includes vetrorotor 2 with a vertical axis of rotation, having at least two blades 3, 4 of the aerodynamic grooved section mounted in the butt and top vetrorotora two rotation planes by means of two pairs windwheels 5 and 6, having blades 7 and 8 drop-shaped aerodynamic cross-section on a composite shaft PTO 9 vetrorotora kinematically linked, for example, through the shaper 10 of the helix, the driveline 11, the gearbox 12 to a generator 13.

The gearbox 12 and generator 13 arranged on the basis of 1. Wind wheel 6 and the generator 10 are placed on the driveline longitudinal turntable 14 with the drive 15 and bearing unit 16 fixed on a transverse rotary platform 17, which is mounted in bearing units 18 on the rack 19 vertically attached to the horizontal base 1 and is pivotally connected to a drive 20 changes the angle 17 tilt platform.

The blades 7 are mounted on axes 21, rigidly associated with helicoid blades 3 and 4 and in the upper part pivotally vetrorotora barred 22 rigidly attached to the outer sleeve 23, a composite shaft 9. At the inner side of the fixed blade 7 bipod 24 pivotally mounted on the actuator 25, the wings turning control of the blades 7, 8, for example, a centrifugal regulator comprising a swivel 26 mounted on the spines 27 of the lever 28 with weights 29. The levers 28 are mounted on rotational shafts 30 secured to the outer sleeve 23. The upper ends 28 of the lever 22 are connected with a bridge return springs 31. Inside the outer sleeve 23 is placed with the screw nut 32 33 34 drive axle generator helix. The outer sleeve 23 (FIG. 6, the cross section YY) connected by splines to the sleeve 35, 36 secured to the housing 6. propeller drive shaft 34 within the housing 36, the pinion 37 with the rails 38, the ends of which are hinged on the blade 8. outer ends of the blades 7 and 8 are secured levers 39, 40 hinged connecting rods 41 upper and lower ends of the helicoid blades 3, 4. The drive shaft 9 connects the generator 10 to the gear 37 of the helicoid screw mechanism 33. The rack management helix generator 10, t. e. transforming it into konusoid of cylindroid or vice versa, is performed by the control unit 42.

The blades 3 and 4 are sectional airfoil of FIG. 1 and 2 may be in the form of rotation of the helix of the grooved profile. Transverse vanes 7 and 8 are capable of adjusting the angle inclination of their longitudinal axis in the selection 9 output shaft and, accordingly, to the front by the action of wind flow controller 10 when moving the rack by rotating the gear 37 in the hinge supports. When this value is adjusted accordingly larger base konusoida by changing the value of the radius R in the area of ​​the butt of the blades 3 and 4, respectively, changing the value of the upper base diameter konusoida up to its transformation into cylindroid (FIG. 2).

Wind turbines work as follows. FIG. 1 wind flow and the impact on the rotor 2. When rotating helix grooved blade 3 or 4 against the wind flow in the direction of A torque M1 on the selection shaft 9 power created derivative force F n from the centripetal force F y and the lift force F c of unified wing blades 5, drop-shaped cross section (FIG. 3) with the convex outer profile B. The kinematics described blade exhibits such effect for ejection chute 43, providing a suction air mass inside the chute 43, forming and directing it in the form of jets along the helicoid chute on component at the output cut which this jet transforms the vortex trail.

When driving helicoid grooved blades 3, 4 in the direction of the wind flow A dual manifested its effects. The first effect - pushing at which the force in direction A (. Figure 4) arranges a sufficiently high magnitude of rotation moment M2 to the PTO shaft 9, particularly at the time of start-up period for the initial 2 vetrorotora wind speed values. The increase in wind velocity for the pushing force added force wind jets slide along the chute 43 of the blades 3, 4 helicoid screw component, in addition to creating a moment of rotation of the shaft 9 ensures the formation of a ring vortex V on output cut of helicoid blades 3, 4 forming the end ends of the blades 3, 4. This vortex trail accelerates the outflow of exhaust air mass in the form of sformirovovavshegosya vertical or inclined tubular vortex loop, it is manifested under the influence of centrifugal forces. Educated middle sparse volume formed inside the rotor 2 due to the lifting of the friction forces, filled with wind flow inside the plane P components helicoid blades 3, 4. swirling in the vortex trail of wind flow in on a section of the upper end vetrorotora 2 provides increased air velocity at the output cutting the upper end of the rotor 2 and the additional suction air mass F to the wind flow a, transmitting a force on the blade 3, 4, in turn allowing increment of torque M3 PTO shaft 9. The funnel shape vetrorotora 2 provides additional acceleration of the movement of air masses to the upper edge vetrorotora 2 and in the presence of a pair of blades 7 observed torque increment phenomenon M4 on the shaft 9.

Thus, a total moment M = M1 + M2 + M3 + M4 obtained by the invention, 2. a. . 3.5 times the amount of torque to the traditional repellernyh and vertical wind turbine blade modifications.

FIG. 2 wind flow affects vetrorotor vetrorotoru the same way in FIG. 1. A distinctive feature is shown in the acceleration of the movement of wind streams along the gutters 24 of the blades 3, 4 due to the tilt axis of rotation of the wind flow vetrorotora A and uniform motion of air masses inside vetrorotora 2, t. To. Helicoid component of the blades 3, 4 meets design cylindroid. This design reduces the efficiency due to the lack of internal voronkoobrazuyuschego vortex, which is compensated by accelerated motion on the outer forming vetrorotora 2.

Such an embodiment of the wind turbine vetrotora enforcement is most effective when wind speeds up to 5 m / s. If you change the direction of the wind evades vetrorotor 2-turns under the wind, depending on the alignment vetrorotora 2 changes due to changes in the tilt angle of platforms 14 and 17.

In emergency wind speeds the blade 3, 4 and 7, 8 is installed in the braking position, ie. E they work against the movement of the wind flow. By changing the plane of rotation of the blades and change their angle to the longitudinal axis vetrorotora axis of rotation, which leads to a transforming konusoida cylindroid, there is a possibility of precision speed control for optimum vetrorotora frequency electric current generator turbine.

With increasing wind speeds in excess of providing excess of the rated power of wind turbines, or in excess of the power consumption above the regulatory change in the angle of inclination relative to the base 1 vetrorotora allows you to adjust the power level of the wind turbine by increasing or reducing the impact of wind flow on vetrorotor.

At the date of filing of the application made model sample of the wind turbine, blown in the wind tunnel, made the documentation for the production of a prototype wind turbine.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Ed. Inventor's Certificate. USSR 842 215, F 03 D 5/00, or BI 24-81 VV Zubarev. "The use of wind energy in northern areas." Science. "Leningrad, 1989, p. 10, Fig. 1.7.

2. ER Abramovskiy and others. The aerodynamics of wind turbines. Tutorial. Dnepropetrovsk State University. Dnipropetrovsk, 1987, p. 167, Fig. 4, 1, 5, 3.

CLAIM

1. A method for controlling the wind power selection, the sweeping flow vetrorotorom wind power generating apparatus comprising additional vortex forming compacted around its periphery in an area adjacent to vetrorotoru, characterized in that a vortex is formed continuous helicoid wind jets perimeter vetrorotora from windward to leeward wind flow zone , swept vetrorotorom.

2. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the axial force creates a vortex suction zone, and on the windward side in the front area form a vortex suction air mass forced suction along with the vortex axis.

3. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the upwind edge of the vortex forming additional suction air mass along an axis vetrorotora is directed at an angle to the axis of the wind flow.

4. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the sucking additional air mass is forced along the axis of the vortex formed in the vortex jet helicoid funnel.

5. Wind power device for implementing the process comprising a horizontal base on which is mounted vetrorotor with vertical rotation axis, having at least two blade airfoil sections kinematically connected to an electric generator, characterized in that the vertical axis of rotation forms an obtuse or vetrorotora acute angle with horizontal base plane and the blade airfoil section are in the form of rotation of the helix of the grooved.

6. Wind power unit according to claim. 5, characterized in that the blades of the aerodynamic profile of the grooved section formed in the shape of spatial rotation cylindroid.

7. Wind power unit according to claim. 5 or 6, characterized in that the blades of the aerodynamic profile of the grooved section formed in the shape of spatial konusoida rotation.

8. Wind power unit according to any one of claims. 5-7, characterized in that in the plane vetrorotore inboard base and cylindroid peripheral base plane and / or mounted konusoida rotation respectively with two propeller blades aerodynamic drop-shaped cross section.

9. Wind power unit according to any one of claims. 5-8, characterized in that the rotor blades are cylindroid and / or rotation konusoida kinematically connected to the blades aerodynamic drop-shaped section via hinges.

10. Wind power unit according to any one of claims. 5-9, characterized in that two blades are provided with means changes windwheels angle to the longitudinal axis of these blades windwheels to the vertical axis of rotation of the rotor.

print version
Publication date 31.01.2007gg