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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2254495

wind turbines

wind turbines

Name of the inventor: Aleshkov IN (RU); Karbushev VF
The name of the patentee: Karbushev Viktor Fedorovich
Address for correspondence: 656066, Altai region, Barnaul, Pavlovsky tract, 112-57, V.F.Karbushevu
Starting date of the patent: 2003.12.15

The invention relates to wind power engineering and can be used as an actuator for a downhole pumps or as battery recharge means. The technical result is to simplify the design of wind turbines and the prevention of unwanted and uncontrolled installation of blade vibrations. Wind turbine consists of a mast base, rotating under the action of the wind relative to the vertical axis of the mast, the sails, the wind flow sensing, and rotation mechanisms of the sail with respect to its horizontal and vertical axes. Each of the rotation mechanisms of the sail relative to the horizontal and vertical axes cinematically by hinged to the base and to each other levers and rods connected with the working installation body such as a rope. Setting swivel drive with a thrust of an imaginary straight line connecting the vertical axis of the sails and rope, allowing the entire kinematic system with minimal energy costs set to continue vraspor easy to get it out of this state and turn the sail at 90 degrees. The installation comprises a sail mechanism and the output of the extreme positions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to wind energy, in particular wind power plants to the structure, and can be used as a drive to the water pumps for lifting water from wells or recharge the battery pack.

Known wind turbine comprising mounted on a vertical shaft impeller with upper and lower spokes, between which at their ends are located rotary blade balancing shafts which are connected through a clutch chain drive with a common vane (cm. AS 1,483,081 from 05.30.89, the , M. Cl. F 03 D 3/02). Performing rotary blades optimally orient them in the process, which ensures optimum aerodynamics of the blades when moving upstream against the wind.

However, the overall mechanism of rotation of the blades, which is a chain drive connecting each vane blade is complicated, which reduces the reliability of the device. In addition, the chain drive may not be tough enough, which causes an increased level of self-oscillation, which in turn is the cause of unexpected failures of the wind turbine and the low efficiency of self-defense of wind turbine from the strong winds. All this is the disadvantages of the wind turbine.

Known wind turbine comprising a rotor with a vertical axis of rotation, which are mounted for rotation about a vertical axis blades having individual rotation mechanism configured as a wind vane, kinematically connected to the axis of rotation of the blade (see. Russian patent 2119094, F 03 D 7 / 06 dated 20/09/98 was). However, this construction is rather complicated, and the connection between the vane and the blade rotation mechanism continuously loaded, and that can be attributed to the shortcomings of known construction.

Known an improved wind turbine - a prototype containing an impeller with a vertical axis of rotation, which are mounted for rotation about a vertical axis blades having individual rotation mechanism configured as a wind vane, kinematically connected to the blade pivot axis, the upper end of each blade is arranged possibility of variation in the plane of the blade is symmetrical about a vertical axis at a distance of not more than B / 5.27, wherein B - maximum blade width. Each vane is kinematically connected to the axis of rotation of the blade through the unloading mechanism, which is designed as a safety clutch (see. Patent the Russian Federation №2193688, M. Cl. The F 03 D 7/06).

Known wind turbine design - blaze is rather complicated and does not prevent unwanted and uncontrolled blade vibrations, which can be attributed to the shortcomings of the known device.

The present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prototype design and simplification wind turbine during its operation in the reciprocating mode, a working body, such as the pump operation for lifting water from the well.

Appendix №2 to the decision to grant a patent on the invention under the application №2003136315 / 06 (038937)

The stated invention the task is achieved by the means of the thrust of the wind flow is designed as a single-vane sail wind turbine equipped with a device of the reciprocating rotation of the sail relative to the horizontal axis, which by means of a lever mounted on the chassis on a horizontal pivot axis, is kinematically connected with the working installation body such cable, the apparatus is provided with a mechanism sails output of the extreme positions.

Sail provided with a mechanism of reciprocating rotation about its vertical axis, which is in the form of a disc mounted on a vertical axis of rotation of the sail, with three side surfaces, contact associated with stops limiting the rotation of the sails and hinged with operating rod, by means of levers with a cable and with each other.

When starting, the maximum flow of perceiving wind sails position swivel disk with operating rod is made of an imaginary straight line connecting the axis of rotation of the disk and the articulation rod with a rope, allowing the installation disc and traction vraspor with simultaneous contact with one of the drive stops.

O sails mechanism of the extreme positions is in the form of rod with a load attached to it, wherein the rod is mounted for horizontal rotation axis mechanism to the body of the sail relative to the horizontal axis at an angle of 30-60 degrees.

Signs that a device sensing the wind flow is designed as a single-vane sail and wind turbine is equipped with a device of the reciprocating rotation of the sail with respect to the horizontal axis, which is by the lever mounted on the device on a horizontal axis, kinematically connected with the working installation of body, such as a rope, wherein the device is provided with a mechanism sails output of the extreme positions, are signs of significant, non-obvious and necessary to achieve the objects of the invention. Thus, for the operation of the pump in the well is required reciprocating piston pump, it does not require any wind energy converter. The presence of the sail relative to the horizontal axis of rotation when rotating the device provides (sails swing about a horizontal axis) reciprocates sails and associated with it a lever fastened on the horizontal axis of the device and the operating element - and the cable further piston pump. Availability O sails mechanism of the extreme positions contributes to the pushing of the sail seat and impart a primary movement at low wind and at a strong.

Signs that the sail is provided with a mechanism for reciprocating rotation about its vertical axis, which is in the form of a disc mounted on a vertical axis of rotation of the sail, with three side surfaces, contact associated with stops limiting the rotation of the sails and hinged to the working rod, at by levers with a cable and with each other, are signs, complementary and explaining the features of the implementation of the mechanism indicating the means of ensuring the achievement of the objects of the invention. Getting directly by the energy of the wind flow reciprocating movement of the working body - the cable and the associated pump piston is almost perfect result of wind energy without additional spent a part of the energy conversion mechanisms. The nature of the impact of intermittent wind flow on the sail of wind turbines and installation work as much as possible closer to its ideal result.

Signs that the initial maximum perceiving the flow of the wind situation sail swivel disk with operating rod is made of an imaginary straight line connecting the disk axis of rotation and swivel rod with a rope, allowing the installation disc and traction vraspor while the contact disc with one of the stops, They are signs, complementary and provides a final result of the present invention. Thus, the installation of the articulation in the initial state allows vraspor without any extra energy costs and effectively use the locking mechanism further cable tension arises due to the kinematic connection levers, and which is used to rotate the blade in the extreme (source and destination) positions.

Signs that sail mechanism O of the extreme positions is made as a rod with a fixed load on it, and the rod mounted for horizontal rotation axis mechanism to the housing of the sail relative to the horizontal axis at an angle of 30-60 degrees, are features that complement the main part in providing wind turbines work at minimum and maximum wind gusts. The angle of tilt rod to the vertical plane of 45 degrees is optimal. However, the installation, with the ability to move cargo along the rod, can operate successfully and the installation angle of 30 to 60 degrees. Using less than 30 and more 60-degree angle - not advisable, since adjustment mechanism becomes complex and bulky design.

wind turbines DRAWING wind turbines
DRAWING wind turbines DRAWING wind turbines

1 schematically shows the proposed wind turbine.

2 shows a wind turbine with a turning mechanism sail about its vertical axis.

3 shows the rotation mechanism of the sail relative to the vertical axis.

4 is a kinematic scheme changes the working body tension - cable during one cycle - single reciprocating movement of the sail with the entire kinematic chain - rods, levers, hinges, and with them the working body - rope.

5 is a diagram of the impact mechanism sails output of the extreme positions.

The proposed wind turbine 1 comprises a mast, held upright side by several tie rods 2. The upper part of the mast 1 is mounted pivoting under the action of the wind the yaw base 3, on which is mounted a horizontal-axis mechanism 4 5 6 sails rotate about a horizontal axis 4. Vertical 7 sail axle 6 mounted in the swivel mechanism housing 5 sail 6 relative to the horizontal axis 4. The bottom 5 of the mechanism on the vertical axis 6 of the sail drive is mounted on the housing 8 and - stop 9. focus 10 to rotate the sail 6 relative to its vertical axis 7 at its approach to the right end position on the fixed base 3. The lever 11 is pivotally connected via connection 12 with a cable 13 and a hinged lever 13 via a cable 14. The unit 15 is connected with a piston pump (plunger not shown). Mechanism 16 O 6 sails of the extreme positions on the fixed machine frame 5 to the vertical center line 17.

Drive 8 is pivotally connected via a connection 18 with the rod 19 which in turn is pivotally connected to the lever 11 and cable 13 to 12. The spring connection 20 associated with the articulated joint 9 and the abutment 18, helps keep the swivel 18 in finding the extreme positions sails after rotation about a vertical axis 7. The disc 8 are three contact surfaces 21, 22, 23 are alternately in contact with the stops 9 and 10, the surfaces 21 and 22 are alternately in contact with the different sides with emphasis 9 and the surface of the disc 23 8 - with focus 10. Figure 3 shows the position of the dotted line A disk 8 while turning the sails to the minimum resistance to the flow of the wind. In this case the lateral surface 8 disk 22 is in contact with the stop 12. The quantity L (see Fig. 3) corresponds to the displacement of the articulation 12 with the sail 6 is rotated by 90 degrees.

Wind turbine works as follows

In the initial position the sail 6 is inclined forward with respect to the vertical axis of the mast 1 by 25-30 degrees, and its plane is perpendicular to the direction of wind flow. The cable 13 under the force of gravity of the piston and the output mechanism 16 sail of the extreme positions taut and tends to turn the sail through the hinge arms 11 and 14 at an even greater angle forward. Fall sails forward does not happen, because at the point of inclination of the sail will be the D straight, connecting the contact point of a cable 13 with a block 15, and a horizontal axis of rotation of the mechanism 4 6 sails relative to the horizontal in the axis 4.

Wind turbine can operate in two basic modes - without sails turning mechanism with respect to its vertical axis (see Figure 1.), And with him (sm.fig.2). Consider the work of wind turbines without rotating mechanism of the sail with respect to its vertical axis. Under the influence of the pressure of the wind base 3, as if turning vane relative to the longitudinal axis of the mast 1, always provides direction perpendicular to the flow of the wind on the sail. O sail mechanism 16 of the extreme positions is a load mounted on a rod adjustably - movable along the rod which, by balancing the sail relative to the horizontal axis 4, facilitates movement of the sail top end positions. With the first gusts of wind the sail 6 is deflected to the right, dragging through the levers 14 and 11, cable 13, which lifts the piston and above it a column of water. Since the wind acts on the sail stream periodically - gusts, the sail under the weight 6 and the piston mechanism 16 has time to return to its original position. In the case of weak wind gusts or, on the contrary, strong jerks sail performs small oscillatory movements, which lead to the displacement of the pump piston and the rise of the water from the well.

In the case of relatively its vertical axis 7 there is the following operation of the plant with a mechanism of rotation of the sail 6 (see FIG. 2). Initially the swivel drive 18 and traction 19 8 is located behind an imaginary line B (see Fig. 3) connecting the attachment point 24 to the disc 8, a vertical axis 7 and 18, articulation rod 11 the other end with a rope 13. The spring 20 in the rest position the sails 6 tightens the hinge 18 and the disc 8 bearing side surface 21 of the abutment 9 and keeps it for the imaginary line B, and after turning the sails 90 degrees when the swivel 18 is in position a, the spring 20 keeps the connection in the other position, as the longitudinal axis of the spring is moved beyond the point 24 of the sail 7 the vertical axis 6. The mechanism 16 contributes, as in the first case, the right turn of the sail 6 relative to the horizontal axis 4 at the initial time, reducing the pushing force of the sail 6 places.

When exposed to a wind flow on the sail the last 6 begins to deviate to the right of the arrow C, see FIG. 1, 2. Deviating from the initial position, the sail continues to perceive the maximum wind stream and rotate about a horizontal axis 4. Thus Rod 19 is pivotably connected with the disc 8, begins to lift hinge 12 at the end of the lever 11, taking over part of the load of the tension cable 13. throughout the sails turn from the original position of the disc 8 of its side surface 21 rests on the palm 9. When approaching the top of the sail to the far right position reduces impact force of wind flow on the sail 6 and 8 is the disk and then the stop 10 and touches its lateral surface 23 and, overcoming the force of spring 20, outputs 18 of the swivel locking original state. Once the hinge 18 will move behind the imaginary line B, thrust 19 under a resilient action tensioning cable 13 begins to rotate about a vertical axis sail 7. The spring force initially 20 will prevent rotation of the disk 8 and 6 sails, but after going to the longitudinal axis of the spring 20 for point 24 spring turn will promote retention of the disc 8 and the sail in its new end position, since the force of the spring 20 will act on the disk 8 on the other hand vertical axis 6 7. sail unfold by 90 degrees to the side contact surface 22 of the stop disc 8 and 9 of the wind flow resistance It will be minimal. Since the minimum resistance to the flow of the wind, the sail under the weight of the piston pump mechanism 16 and the output 6 of the sail begins to turn extreme positions about a horizontal axis 4 and move in the opposite direction. In this effort perceived traction cable 19 by 13, will continuously hold the sail 6 through pivot joint 18 and drive rods 8, 19 in its new position when the side surface 22 of the stop disc 8, 9. As for the movement 6 of the sail in the opposite direction and the levers 11 14 are constantly changing the angle of contact between them and articulation 12 of the lever 11 at the approach to the left extreme position initially set in line with the line of force tension the cable 13, and then bends (pulls itself) articulation 12 of the lever 11 with the cable 13 in the opposite direction - down. At this pressure the cable 13 at hinge 18 gradually diminishes and ceases to operate, and the cable 13, while continuing to move the whole mechanism starts to pull the sail rotation about a horizontal axis 4 and the swivel 18 itself. Link 19 begins to interfere with this cable and creates a tension force opposite to the original, which is combined with cable tension force deploys the sail 13 and 6 to the maximum wind flow perception. Then kinematic cycle sails interactions, levers and rods with articulated links it is repeatedly - 6 sail makes swinging, reciprocating motion about a horizontal axis 4 and about its vertical axis 7. In the absence of wind wind turbine does not work. In the case of small, medium or strong wind gusts installation successfully will pump water. In case of self-oscillation (reciprocating movement of the sails at a small angle under the action of either weak or strong wind) installation will still pump water because these fluctuations driven piston pump. In the event of a hurricane, continuous wind sail wind turbines in the wind flow independently set to a minimum, balanced resistance to the flow of the wind and its failure will not occur. By varying the length of the lever 14, the distance between the horizontal axis wind turbine and 4 swivel arm 12, 11 can be adjusted pump capacity, changing it by 25-30 per cent in either direction. The presence of the sail rotation mechanism about the vertical axis improves its plant capacity factor of the wind with a large flow of use.

The current model of the proposed wind turbine has been manufactured and tested. Wind turbine successfully powered the water pump and reliably raised to the water depth of 6 meters and a height of 3 meters above the ground. Fitting Performance was 60 l / h. In the absence of the need for raising the water installation after her shift at each cycle a generator turned by a few turns, thereby generating pulses of electricity, which was enough to recharge the battery pack.

Currently, the authors are working to manufacture a pilot industrial plant, which will provide water rise to a height of 20 meters, a capacity of 400-700 liters per hour - when the installation without turning the mechanism of the sail with respect to its vertical axis, and 700-800 liters per hour - with the mechanism or after a system reset (change arm length) - with a depth of 30 meters of capacity 400-500 l / h.

We believe that the proposed wind turbine will be widely used when watering planting farms, communities, growers of vegetables and fruit, forest plantations and nurseries, but also can be used to create water reservoirs for irrigation belts and extinguish fires in parking lots of shepherds, in the Synoptics, foresters in hunting grounds, etc., especially in places where there is no electricity.

Wind turbine is simple in construction and reliable in operation.

CLAIM

1. Wind turbine comprising rotating under action of wind yaw base device sensing the wind flow, and the rotation mechanism of the tool relative to its vertical axis, characterized in that the means for sensing the flow of wind is in the form of sails single-vane, reciprocating device is provided with a wind turbine -postupatelnogo sails rotate about a horizontal axis through which the arm mounted on the apparatus body above the horizontal pivot is kinematically connected with the working body installation, such as a rope, the device being provided with a withdrawal mechanism sails of the extreme positions.

2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sail is provided with a mechanism for reciprocating rotation about its vertical axis, which is formed as a disk mounted on a vertical axis of rotation of the sail with three side surfaces, contact with the associated abutments limiting the rotation of the sails and a pivotally operating rod by means of levers and a cable to each other.

3. Wind turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the initial maximum perceiving the flow of the wind the sail position swivel disk with operating rod is made of an imaginary straight line connecting the axis of rotation of the disk and the articulation rod with a rope, allowing the installation disc and thrust with the thrust simultaneous contact with one of the disc stoppers.

4. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the output mechanism of the sail of the extreme positions is made as a rod with a fixed load on it, and the rod mounted for horizontal rotation axis mechanism to the housing of the sail relative to the horizontal axis at an angle of 30-60 degrees.

print version
Publication date 02.02.2007gg