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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2084695
DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMING THE ENERGY OF WAVES TO THE ENERGY OF THE MECHANICAL MOTION OF THE DEVICE AND THE WAVE POWER PLANT
The name of the inventor: Egorkin Yuri Yakovlevich
The name of the patentee: Yegorkin Yury Yakovlevich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.05.28
Use: in hydropower and can be used to generate and store mechanical or electrical energy as a propulsion device for marine vehicles. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The device for converting wave energy comprises two vertical walls rigidly connected to each other by means of converting elements arranged one above the other and made in the form of flat paddles of a wing-shaped profile, the latter being curved and arranged symmetrically and mirror-wise with respect to the horizontal plane at an acute angle to it , And their convex surfaces face each other to form a smoothly tapering flat channel, and the side ends are closely fixed to the walls, each subsequent channel being made as a continuation of the previous one. The wave power plant comprises a cylindrical floating tank partially filled with water, a central tube extending axially through the central part of the bottom of the tank and immersed by the open end into water, a stationary central shaft axially passing through the pipe and fixed to the bottom, possibly with an armature From the outside of the tank, a device for converting the energy of waves with an annular vertical wall is fixed somewhat below its upper surface, the inner part of the tank is divided by solid walls running radially into several sectors, and inside the tube it is fixed on a stationary shaft with the possibility of rotation about the vertical axis of the tubular tubular The power take-off shaft on which the helical-shaped blades are fixed, wherein the pipe and the tubular shaft through the rigid linkage and bearing system are interconnected with the possibility of relative rotation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to hydropower and can be used to generate and store mechanical or electrical energy as a propulsion device for marine vehicles by converting wave energy.
A wave power plant is known (USSR application No. 1451326, F 03 13/12, published in 1989), in which a floating body is subjected to rolling and a liquid partially filling it moves the edges of a flat float inside the shell. This movement through the flexible element is transmitted to the power take-off shaft, and the latter drives the electric generator.
The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of conversion of wave energy into the energy of float movements due to its inertial properties.
A device for generating energy under the influence of waves is known (US Patent No. 4,843,250, F 03 B 13/12, 1990), which contains a cylindrical floating tank capable of rocking on waves. Inside the tank, near the top surface, there are circumferential rails attached to the side walls of the tank, and on the axis of the tank a fixed axle is fixed, on which levers are attached perpendicularly to it, which has loads and rollers rolling on their rails at their ends. In this case, the energy of the waves that swing the tank is converted into the energy of oscillatory movements of the levers, which is transmitted to the generator through a rotary axis and a hydro-pump.
The disadvantages of this device are low efficiency of conversion of wave energy into vibrational energy, unjustified complexity of the design.
A wave power plant is known (author's certificate of the USSR No. 1402705, F 03 B 13/22, published in 1988) (a prototype) containing a floating body with electric generator and counting and settling device placed in it, concentrically arranged vertical external and internal shafts, Two wheels with swivel blades having a wing-shaped symmetrical profile, the wheels being fixed to the outer and inner shafts respectively, which are connected to the generator and can rotate in opposite directions.
The disadvantages of this device are: the complexity of the design, due to the need to use devices that perform an asymmetric installation of rotary blades, low efficiency of the device due to the small relative speed of water movement relative to the blades, the inability to accumulate wave energy.
A wave power plant is known (Japanese application No. 63-32987, F 03 B 13/24, published in 1989) (prototype) which comprises an annular hollow float floating on the water surface, a central tube extending axially through the central part of the float And immersed by the open end into water, a pneumoturbogenerator located in the pipe and driven by the air flow in the pipe, arising from vertical movements of the float under the action of waves.
The disadvantages of such a device are low efficiency, associated with the need to take power directly from the air flow, the lack of accumulation of wave energy, which leads to uneven energy conversion process.
The problem solved by the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks, namely: to increase the efficiency of wave energy conversion, to accumulate wave energy in the form of mechanical energy, to ensure the uniformity of wave energy conversion, to expand the scope of use of the device, including its use as a propulsion device for marine vehicles.
This problem is solved by the fact that in a device for converting wave energy containing two vertical walls rigidly connected to each other by means of converting elements arranged one above the other and made in the form of flat paddles of a wing-like profile, the profiles are curved and arranged symmetrically and mirror-wise with respect to the horizontal plane At an acute angle to it, and their convex surfaces face each other to form a smoothly tapering flat channel, and the lateral ends are closely fixed to the walls, each successive channel being made as a continuation of the previous one.
The vertical walls and side edges of the profiles are arched, while the average width of the profiles is made increasing towards their end and from the previous channel to the next one. In addition, the vertical walls may be in the form of coaxial cylindrical rings, the outer wall in the middle part being formed with an annular cut equal in height to the lowest height of the flat channel of the profiles having the shape of annular segments, and the walls are rigidly connected to the tubular shaft fixed to The possibility of rotation on a vertical fixed shaft.
In addition, this problem is solved by the fact that in a wave power plant comprising a cylindrical floating tank partially filled with water, a central pipe extending axially through the central part of the bottom of the tank and immersed by the open end into water, a stationary central ax extending axially through Pipe and fixed to the bottom, possibly with an anchor, on the outside of the tank, a device for converting the energy of waves with an annular vertical wall is mounted somewhat below its upper surface, the inner part of the tank is divided by solid walls running radially into several sectors, and inside the tube The tubular power take-off shaft on which the spiral-shaped blades are fixed, is fixed to the stationary shaft with the possibility of rotation about the vertical axis of the tank, the tube and the tubular shaft being interconnected with the possibility of relative rotation through the system of rigid connections and bearings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a device with parallel vertical walls and identical converting elements; FIG. 2 shows an arrangement with arcuate vertical walls and end-expanding elements; FIG. 3 shows a device with cylindrical coaxial vertical and converting elements having Form of the ring segments, Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the interaction of the transducer elements with a fluid transversely oscillating with respect to them, Fig. 5 is a wave power station, and Fig. 6 is a diagram explaining the operation of a wave power plant.
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On the vertical walls 1 the conversion elements 2 are rigidly fixed. If the converting elements 2 are made identical and rectangular, they are fixed on parallel vertical walls (FIG. 1); If the converting elements 2 have arcuate side edges of their blades 4 and are made expanding, they are fixed to vertical arcuate walls (FIG. 2); If the converting elements 2 have the shape of an annular segment, they are fixed to cylindrical coaxial vertical walls (Figure 3, in this figure, for simplicity, part of the device is shown).
The converting element 3 consists of two flat blades of a streamlined shape 4 which are interconnected by rigid bonds 3 so that a flat tapering channel with a small input resistance is formed between the convex blade surfaces facing each other. The converting elements 2 are fixed on the vertical walls 1 so that the end of one element is located between the blades of the subsequent one, and between the upper blades of the two adjacent elements, as well as between the lower ones, there is a gap whose height is commensurable with half the distance between the blades of the transforming element, Elements are fixed on the walls without the formation of cracks between the wall and the lateral ends of the blades.
In the device with cylindrical coaxial vertical walls (FIG. 3), the inner wall 1 is rigidly connected by the links 7 to the tubular power take-off shaft 6, which is rotatably supported around the common axis of the cylindrical walls on the fixed shaft 3 fixed or on the bottom, Anchor, or on any floating device, or using both. The outer cylindrical wall 1 has, in the middle, an annular cut height equal to the height of the narrowest part of the flat channel between the blades of the converting element.
In the wave power plant (FIG. 5), the converting elements 2 having the shape of an annular segment are fixed to the cylindrical surface of the floating tank 10 without forming gaps between the surface and the lateral ends of the blades 4, and a vertical cylindrical wall 1 is attached to the opposite lateral ends of the blades 4 of the elements 2, Which has an annular cut in the middle. The surface of the tank with solid vertical walls 3 dividing the internal cavity of the tank into several sectors is connected to a pipe 9 having an initial section 12 with a small input resistance. The pipe 9 by rigid ties 7 by means of bearings 14 is connected to a tubular power take-off shaft 6 on which helical-shaped blades 13 are fixed and the tubular shaft is rotatably supported around the axis of the tank on a stationary shaft 5 fixed to the bottom. The fastening system allows the relative rotation of the power take-off shaft and the pipe 9 passing through the bottom of the tub 11.
Elements 2 are fixed on the surface of the tank below its upper edge at a level such that the waves, sweeping over the upper blades 4, do not overflow over the edges of the tank, the same condition determines the degree of immersion of the tank in the water. The pipe 9 with respect to the tank 10 is positioned so that its upper end is at a level below the sea level, and it is possible that the upper end of the pipe 9 is located at the bottom of the tank, and the buoyancy of the tank is provided by floats fixed to its surface , It depends on the size of the tank and the operating mode.
The device for converting wave energy operates as follows.
A wave incident on the device causes vibrational movements of the liquid relative to the device. At the same time, part of the upwardly directed flow of liquid, falling into the region between the vertical walls 1, interacts with the lower blades 4 of the converting elements 2 (FIG. 4, lower pic), while a part of the same flow, bending the convex surfaces of the vertical walls 1 And flowing over the upper edges of the walls, acts on the upper blades of the elements 2. In addition, the upper blades of the elements are affected by the flow of liquid, due to the fact that the wave, having shock properties, overwhelms the upper blades. The vertical component of the fluid flow rate as a result of the interaction of the flow with the upper and lower blades 4 of the converting elements changes its direction to the horizontal (Fig. 4, upper figure). In a flat channel between the upper and lower row of blades 4 of the converting elements, a flow appears, the velocity of which, along the horizontal axis of the channel, will increase to some extent from the element to the element. Thus, the transforming elements transform the vertical displacements of the fluid caused by the vibrations of the medium relative to the device into a horizontally directed flow of liquid. As a result, a liquid flow having a horizontally directed pulse is ejected at the outlet of the device, as a result of which, according to the law of conservation of momentum, a force in the opposite direction will be acted upon by the formula: 
Where F is the force acting on the device;
P is the momentum of the liquid; 
Is the density of the liquid;
V cross-sectional area of the output channel of the device;
V is the velocity of the fluid.
Thus, the device (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) can be used as a propulsion device for marine vehicles.
The interaction of waves with a device having cylindrical vertical walls (Figure 3) leads to the fact that the flow of water flowing in a flat channel formed by the blades of the elements is ejected tangentially through the annular section of the outer wall. As a result, the resulting torque moment twists the device, and hence also the power take-off shaft 6 rigidly coupled to it, around the vertical axis of the device from which the rotation is transmitted in any known manner to the shaft of the power generator. In this case, the device can be used as stationary or portable power plants of relatively low power, converting the energy of waves into electrical energy.
The wave power plant works as follows.
As a result of the action of waves on the blades of the converting elements of the device with a cylindrical vertical wall, (Fig. 5), a torque acting on it rotates the rigidly fixed tank 10 about its vertical axis. A liquid that does not fully fill the tank due to solid vertical walls 8, and starts to rotate, resulting in a pressure redistribution (FIG. 6). The pressure near the axis of rotation decreases, increasing to the edges of the tank in proportion to the distance in a square to the axis of rotation, as illustrated by the shape of the surface of the rotating fluid. Since in the initial position, when the tank is stationary, the liquid level in the tank coincides with the level of the calm sea, then in the rotating tank near its axis of rotation, just above the upper end of the tube 9, the liquid level will be below sea level, as a result of which the hydrostatic equilibrium between the deep, Not participating in rotational motion, layers of liquid under the pipe and surface layers above the pipe. The pressure drop caused by the deviation from the hydrostatic balance state creates a liquid flow moving vertically upward along the pipe which, acting on the spiral-shaped blades 13 fixed to the power take-off shaft 6, causes it to rotate about the vertical axis of the tank from the shaft and the rotation is transferred to the generator. The position of the upper edge of the pipe 9 relative to the upper edge of the tub 10, i. E. The distance (FIG. 6) is determined based on the shape of the rotating surface, depending on the operating mode, i.e. From the angular speed of rotation of the tank and the diameter of the tank, while the upper edge of the pipe must coincide with the lower level of the surface, and the upper edge of the tank with the upper level of the rotating surface, while only the amount of liquid that was in the tank before its rotation is taken into account. The degree of immersion of the tank in water, the height H is determined from the same conditions, and the level of fixation of the blades of the converting elements is determined taking into account the fact that near the rotating outer surface of the tank the liquid level is lowered compared to the level of the calm sea, i.e. Taking into account the height h (note that the altitude reading is from the level of the calm sea), while the device for converting wave energy is fixed on the tank surface so that the annular cut on the outer cylindrical wall of the device is at level h.
Using a device for converting wave energy and a wave power plant will increase the efficiency of wave energy conversion, store energy of waves in the form of mechanical energy, thereby ensuring the uniformity of wave energy conversion, expand the scope of the device, including its use as a propulsion device for marine vehicles.
CLAIM
A device for converting wave energy, comprising two vertical walls rigidly connected to each other by means of conversion elements arranged one above the other and made in the form of flat paddles of a wing-like profile, characterized in that the profiles are curved and arranged symmetrically and mirror-wise with respect to the horizontal plane An acute angle to it, and their convex surfaces face each other to form a smoothly tapering flat channel, and the lateral ends are closely fixed to the walls, each subsequent channel being made as a continuation of the previous one.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical walls and the lateral ends of the profiles are arched, while the average width of the profiles is made increasing towards their end and from the previous channel to the subsequent one.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical walls are in the form of coaxial cylindrical rings, the outer wall in the middle part being formed with an annular cut equal in height to the smallest height of the flat channel of the profiles having the shape of annular segments, and the walls rigidly Are connected to a tubular shaft fixed rotatably on a vertical fixed shaft.
4. A wave power plant comprising a cylindrical floating tank partially filled with water, a central tube extending axially through the central part of the bottom of the tank and immersed by the open end into water, a stationary central shaft extending axially through the pipe and fixed to the bottom, With the aid of an armature, characterized in that an apparatus for converting the energy of waves with an annular vertical wall is fixed on the outside of the tank, somewhat below its upper surface, the inner part of the tank is divided by solid walls running radially into several sectors, and inside the pipe it is fixed to a stationary The shaft is rotatable about the vertical axis of the tank, a tubular power take-off shaft on which the spiral-shaped blades are fixed, wherein the pipe and the tubular shaft are interconnected by a system of rigid links and bearings with the possibility of relative rotation.
print version
Date of publication 13.01.2007gg
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