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WAVE POWER STATIONS. HYDROPOWER STATIONS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2173745

UNBLOCKED HYDROPOWER STATION

UNBLOCKED HYDROPOWER STATION

The name of the inventor: Ushakov Grigory Germanovich; Boltukhin Nikolai Yakovlevich
The name of the patent owner: Ushakov Grigory Germanovich; Boltukhin Nikolai Yakovlevich
Address for correspondence: 659334, Altai Territory, Biysk, ul. Gogolya, 216, apartment No.146, GG Ushakov
Date of commencement of the patent: 1998.12.18

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in the construction of hydroelectric power stations in any locality. The dam-free hydroelectric power plant includes a diversion channel made with a bottom slope smaller than the bottom of the river at the site of the hydroelectric plant installation, an active turbine with blades in the form of buckets, a generator and a mechanism for reducing the speed of the turbine's impeller to the generator revolutions. To supply the water flow from the diversion channel to the impeller of the turbine, the hydroelectric power plant has a spiral chamber. In the mechanism for reducing the revolutions of the impeller of the turbine to the generator's revolutions, a mechanism for the artificial braking of the generator shaft is established, which is in the form of a controlled hydrodynamic clutch, one impeller of which is rigidly fixed to the generator shaft, and the second impeller is fixed on this shaft movably in the axial direction with the possibility of changing the gap between Cups of clutch impellers to adjust the magnitude of the braking torque on the generator shaft from zero to the maximum torque value. The invention provides rotation of the impeller of the turbine at a constant speed and constant torque on its axis, regardless of the loads on the generator rotor and, consequently, the constant rotation of the generator shaft, regardless of electrical loads in its network.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in the construction of hydropower plants in any locality.

Until the end of the 19th century, hydroevelopers preferred active turbines (the mill wheel) capable of taking the maximum of its energy potential from the river stream, however, with the invention and improvement of jet turbines (propeller), the increase in pressure in the newly built hydroelectric power stations, the active turbines receded into the background. Dameless hydropower is the energy of small heads, which can use either the energy of free flow of a river as a source of energy or the head of a water column between the end of the derivation channel and the river. Small heads require the use of active turbines as propulsors and their improvement.

The diversion channels can be made open and closed (pressure water conduit). The pressure water conduit makes it possible to create a higher power plant, but it requires installation of an equalizing reservoir immediately before the turbines, the task of which is to smooth out the peaks in the turbine's costs. Equalizing tanks of known designs do not provide the damping of hydraulic impacts from the operation of the turbine in the pressure water conduit, which in their power can exceed the pressure on the walls of water conduits tens of times under static conditions. In addition, jet turbines are turbines in which their shaft rotates not from the direct action of water flow on the turbine blades, but from the reactive component of the pressure of this stream. Such a technical solution allows the turbine to be run as controlled, although twice as much water is consumed in turbines of this type for one kilowatt of electricity produced by them than in active turbines, for example buckets. Bucket turbines have, instead of blades on their impellers, buckets, which allow to receive on the shaft of the wheel a considerable torque at minimum costs. They are turbines with the highest efficiency. The difficulty lies in the fact that jet turbines are controllable in the course of their operation, and for the active turbines a technical solution has not yet been found that allows them to be operated under small heads in the process of their operation.

The need for this exists. Maximum power the active turbine, for example the bucket, gives up when the speed of the wheel that rotates the flow reaches half the speed of this flow. It is enough to change the load on the shaft of the wheel and immediately starts to change the speed of its rotation. And generators of general purpose, produced by domestic industry, require a constant speed of rotation of the generator shaft, i.e. The propeller of an inefficient hydroelectric power plant should contain such an element of reduction of the turbine wheel speed number to the generator shaft rotations that would allow the turbine's working wheel to rotate both with a constant torque on its axis and with a constant speed, with constant flow parameters of the river and regardless of Loads on the generator.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a derivational hydroelectric power plant with bucket turbines / see. "Hydropower plants." Under the editorship of DS Shavelev. L .: Energia, 1972, p. 241 /. All the shortcomings of active turbines and hydroelectric power stations with derivation channels, which were discussed above, are inherent in the prototype.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the rotation of the impeller of the turbine at a constant speed and to provide a constant torque on its axis, regardless of the loads on the generator rotor and thereby ensure the constant rotation of the generator shaft irrespective of the electrical loads in its network.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the dam-free hydroelectric power plant includes a diversion channel made with a bottom slope smaller than the bottom of the river bed at the site of the hydroelectric plant installation, an active turbine, along the rim of the impeller, rigidly fixed blades, made in the form of buckets, a generator and a mechanism for reducing the rotor speed Turbines to the generator's rotation, a hydroelectric power station has a spiral chamber for supplying the water flow from the diversion channel to the impeller of the turbine, and in the mechanism for reducing the revolutions of the turbine's impeller to the generator's revolutions, a mechanism for the artificial braking of the generator shaft is made, for example, in the form of a controlled hydrodynamic clutch, Which is rigidly fixed to the shaft of the generator, and the second impeller is fixed on this shaft movably in the axial direction with the possibility of changing the gap between the cups of the clutch impellers in order to adjust the magnitude of the braking torque on the generator shaft from zero to the maximum torque value.

UNBLOCKED HYDROPOWER STATION
UNBLOCKED HYDROPOWER STATION
UNBLOCKED HYDROPOWER STATION

In the drawings (Figures 1-5) the riverbed 1 is shown with the bottom of the bottom of the river bottom i, the intake of the 2 derivation channel 3 with the shutter 4 mounted on the trestle 5. The slope of the derivation channel 3 i est. Less deviation of the bottom of the river i river . At the point where the level of water flow in the derivation channel exceeds the water level in the river by the amount of the design head H is full. , A spiral chamber 6 of the active bucket turbine 8 is vertically installed. At the junction of the channel 3 into the spiral chamber 6, weirs 7 are provided in the side walls of the channel with a total length of the weir flanges at least 3 channel depths in the weir site.

The impeller of the turbine 8 can consist of several individual wheels 10, as shown in FIG. 2, or be a single wheel of width B k , as shown in FIG.

The buckets 11 are rigidly fixed along the rim of the impeller 11. The axis 9 of the impeller 10 of the turbine rotates in the bearings 12. The sprockets 13 of the closed chain transmission of the mechanism for reducing the speed of the wheel to the generator's revolutions are fixed to the shaft console. The closed transmission through the cone coupling 14, the reducer 15, the soft coupling 16 is connected to the shaft of the generator 17. On the same shaft of the reducer 15, the hydrodynamic coupling 18, which is a kind of controlled jet turbine, is fixed from the opposite side through the coupling 25. One clutch impeller is fixed to the shaft rigidly and rotates together with the generator shaft, the second impeller 24 of the clutch 18 is fixed on the same shaft only in the axial direction. Changing the gap between the cups of the impellers 18, you can change the value of the braking torque on the generator axis from zero to the maximum torque at full electrical load on it.

The impeller 10 is covered with a casing 19. All equipment is placed in the room of the engine room 20.

The spiral chamber 6 has a series of cylindrical nozzles at its end. The number of nozzles is equal to the number of wheels on the 9 axis.

Each nozzle is closed with a special cone. The drive of all cones is combined into one. The motion of the cones is kinematically associated with the generator of the station and depends on the electrical load on it or on them, if the station has several generators operating from one turbine runner. By covering or opening the cone nozzle plug, it is possible to adjust the power on the impeller shaft of the active turbine 8 or completely stop it.

The spillway 7 by the water channel 22 is connected to the river 1 or to the derivation channel of the next stage of the station. The weirs 7, the turbine 8, the spiral chamber 6 of the reduction mechanism 15, which includes the entire set of mechanisms for changing the speed of current generation, are all located in the same building 23 of the hydroelectric station.

The hydrodynamic coupling 18, working in conjunction with the generator, is designed to ensure a constant torque on the turbine shaft, regardless of the load on the generator.

The application of the hydrodynamic coupling 18 in the drive of the generator solves the task, but it is not the only technical solution. Instead of the clutch 18 with controlled braking torque, it is possible to use a jet turbine mounted on one shaft with an active, centrifugal or oil pump, with throttling of their fluid flow, depending on the change in electrical load to the generator.

THE STATION WORKS AS FOLLOWING

After the water intake gate 4 is opened and the water fills the derivation channel 3, it passes through the weir 7 first to the channel 22 and through it back to the river 1. At this time, the shutter 21 of the spiral chamber 6 is closed, therefore both the wheel and the generator remain motionless. When the gate drive 21 is turned on, water from the spiral chamber begins to flow into the buckets of the impeller 10. After the bolt 21 has retired by a predetermined angle and the wheel gathers revolutions, the hydrodynamic clutch 18 is activated if a hydrodynamic clutch is selected as the braking mechanism with a controlled braking torque, But not a pump, a DC motor with a rheostat and the like, which creates a braking torque equal to the braking torque of the generator 17 when it is fully charged. The speed of the wheel decreases in this case and after the circumferential velocity of the wheel is equal to half the speed of the jet of the nozzle's flow, the wheel speed is stabilized and all the parameters of the water flow in the entire derivation channel are stabilized. Only after this, the generator is turned on. The rotor of the generator at idle regimes acquires the necessary revolutions, and the generator is placed in the automatic control mode, in which the braking torque of the hydrodynamic clutch 18 proportionally depends on the electric loads on the generator. With the inclusion of current consumers, the braking moment of the hydrodynamic clutch 18 is automatically reduced. However, the torque on the impeller axis, the speed of its rotation, the velocity of the flow in the derivation channel, the second water flow in it - all remains unchanged, no matter how dramatically the load on the generator is, which Would be stormy or on the contrary quiet and shallow at that moment there was no river.

CLAIM

A dam-free hydroelectric power plant including a derivation channel made with a bottom slope smaller than the bottom of the river bed at the site of the hydroelectric plant installation, an active turbine, along the rim of the impeller, rigidly fixed blades, made in the form of buckets, a generator and a mechanism for reducing the speed of the turbine's impeller to the generator's revolutions, Characterized in that for supplying the water flow from the diversion channel to the impeller of the turbine, the hydroelectric power plant has a spiral chamber, and in the mechanism for reducing the revolutions of the turbine's impeller, a mechanism for the artificial braking of the generator shaft is established, for example, in the form of a controlled hydrodynamic clutch, Is rigidly fixed to the generator shaft, and the second impeller is fixed on this shaft movably in the axial direction with the possibility of changing the gap between the clutch impeller cups to adjust the magnitude of the braking torque on the generator shaft from zero to the maximum torque value.

print version
Date of publication 12.01.2007gg