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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2162914
DAM hydropower stations with an intermediate tank
Name of the inventor: Ushakov Gregory Germanovich; Boltuhin Nikolai Y.
The name of the patentee: Ushakov Gregory Germanovich; Boltuhin Nikolai Y.
Address for correspondence: 659334, Altay, Biysk Street. Gogol 216 kv.146, Ushakov GG
Starting date of the patent: 1998.09.08
The invention relates to hydropower, and is intended to generate electricity without disturbing the hydrological characteristics of the river and used the ecology of the river and the adjacent areas. Hydroelectric penstock includes a water intake in the river and the gate. Penstock has a bias of less slope of the river bottom, and connects the intake with an intermediate reservoir from which originates penstock active Pelton turbine connected to the generator shaft. In the intermediate pressure tank between the input conduit and the inlet conduit in flow turbine installed damper, formed as a wall with openings. Each turbine bucket rotor is in the form of two diverging angled curved grooves and secured to the impeller rotatable about the axis of its mounting. The invention can reduce the capacity of the intermediate surge tank without disturbing the process of its filling and emptying and increase the effectiveness of active Pelton turbines when they are used to generate electricity from small rivers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the Water Engineering and can be used for power generation without compromising its river hydrology and ecology of both the river and the adjacent areas.
Known damless hydroelectric, whose principal structure is a diversion channel, made an open or a penstock. After the channel is established reaction turbine. If the discharge conduit is formed at the end of the surge tank has to be installed prior to the turbine.
The closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a hydroelectric project in the Republic of Mayo "Gorny Altai." For this project, the river dammed. From the reservoir formed by it originates penstock, laid on the river bank with a slope equal to or slightly lower slope of the river bottom. After a certain distance, when the difference in height and end part of the intake conduit H has reached the calculated value, and the surge tank mounted turbines. Jet turbines. Systems Kaplan. Reactive turbine - a turbine shaft which rotates it from direct exposure to the water flow on the impeller blades, and reactive component of this pressure flow. This solution has several advantages, however, in this turbine type per kilowatt of generated power is consumed by it twice more water turbines active than, for example bucket. In addition, BTS developed for local energy sources by using energy of small rivers flow, ie working with minimum cost and minimum pressure, have their own characteristics. One of them is the fact that it is not always possible to carry out the transport conduit BPS open, using his napkin folds areas, and laying open diversion channel on the viaduct is not always economically justified. Pressure same conduit as noted above, requires the installation at the end of a surge tank. The increase in vessel size increases the cost of construction of the BPS.
The purpose of the invention - to reduce the capacity of the intermediate, the surge tank without disturbing the process of its filling and release and increase the efficiency of active Pelton turbines when they are used in BTS working with small volumes of flow and pressure.
The goal is achieved by the fact that in the DAM HPP with an intermediate reservoir, including penstock with water intake in the river and closures having a bias less than the slope of the river bottom and connecting the water intake from the intermediate reservoir from which originates penstock Pelton impulse turbine, on the impeller rim which are fixed buckets special shape and that through the mechanism of reduction is associated with the generator shaft, in the intermediate reservoir between the input of the pressure conduit and the inlet of conduit turbine installed damper stream, for example in the form of a wall of a certain height with openings, each bucket turbine wheel is designed as a two divergent angle bent grooves and secured to the impeller rotatable about the axis of its mounting.
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FIG. 1 shows the general layout damless HES / BTS / the intermediate reservoir, FIG. 2 - A-A sectional view in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 - design turbine wheel bucket, FIG. 4 - same, side view.
In one of the transport conduit 3 reaches of the river with a slope of 1 it i the bottom is constructed with 2 intake shutter 3 4. The transport of hydrogen is made along its entire length in a tube 5, for example, made of reinforced concrete, insulated material closed 6 and laid on the river bank on support 7. Thus, the slope of the transport conduit 3 at a greater its length is equal to the slope of the river bottom, and may vary along the length of conduit by copying the profile of the coast.
At a distance L of water. Providing a predetermined head H is full. , Set intermediate reservoir 8, to which is attached a pressure of hydrogen, and 3 of which originates conduit 10 of the turbine 13. In the place where the transport conduit 3 is attached to the tank 8 is formed sump 9. In FIG. 1 shows a clarifier of the same segment of the pipe, which is made of hydrogen transport container 3. The top 8 is made as an annular weir 11, which, in turn, is connected to the sump tank 9. The weir 11 and weir 12 8 turbine wheel 13 connected the river 1. penstocks 10 turbine 13 terminates in a nozzle 14, which is controlled by valve actuator 15 to the rim of the impeller hinged buckets special form.
The design of the bucket 16 shown in FIG. 2. The turbine wheel 13, weir 12, drive generators and generator / not shown / accommodated in one building hydroelectric 17. The intermediate tank 8 - a complex engineering structure. The increase in its volume reduces the dynamics of the processes that occur in it during operation of the turbine, but dramatically increase the volume of construction works on the hydroelectric and increase the price of electricity produced by BPS kilowatts. During operation of the turbine 13 is intense filling the tank with water 8 and release him from her. Turbulence and eddy currents occurring in the tank, a negative impact on the pressure conduit 10 of the turbine 13. In order to reduce the volume of the reservoir to a minimum and at the same time eliminate the negative impact on the reservoir filling process job hydrogen pressure 10 turbines 13, it is set damper 18 made for example in the form of a wall that divides the reservoir into two parts. To one of the tank 3 penstock connected to the other - the turbine conduit 10, 13.
Ladle 16 / FIG. 2 / BTS turbine impeller with an intermediate reservoir configured as a 2-angled 
gutters 19 having outer wall 20 and the diaphragm 21. The bottom of separating bucket 16 has the suction portion 22. Fence portion located at an angle 
23 to the flow of water exiting the nozzle 14 at the time of their contact. The front portion 24 of the bucket 16 is located above the shadow boundary from the next coming of the bucket. The bucket 16 to the impeller rim is attached by a hinge 25. In order to be able to change the power of the turbine during its operation without changing the parameters of the flow, each bucket wheel rests on the plunger 26 having the ability to change the trajectory of movement of the bucket with R min to R max and vice versa.
Works DAM HPP with an intermediate tank as follows:
With the opening of the sluice gate 4 3 begins to fill the intermediate reservoir 8. When the water level in the tank reaches the maximum level H is full. , An annular weir 11 fold excess water back into the river. Then the nozzle valves 14 are opened / or manually by the actuator 15 /, the water begins to flow into the impeller ladle. turbine wheel begins to spin, rotating the generator shaft via the reduction mechanism. For this type of BPS used general-purpose generators such as "OS". impeller rotation speed and the torque value on the axis are automatically adjusted valve / Fig. 2 / nozzle 14 and pushers, related automation systems to the generator station.
CLAIM
Damless hydroelectric power plant with intermediate reservoir comprising penstock with a water intake in the river and the gate having a slope less than the slope of the river bottom, and connecting the intake to the intermediate reservoir from which originates penstock ladle impulse turbine, the rim of the impeller which are fixed buckets special shape and which via gear reduction is connected with the generator shaft, characterized in that the intermediate container between the input of the pressure conduit and the inlet of conduit turbine installed damper stream, such as a wall of a certain height with openings, each bucket turbine wheel is in the form of two diverging angle bended trays and fixed to the impeller rotatable about the axis of its mounting.
print version
Publication date 12.01.2007gg
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