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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2282274
thermoelectric battery
Name of the inventor: Tagir Ismailov Abdurashidovich (RU); Verdiev Mikail Gadzhimagomedovich (RU); Evdulov Oleg (RU)
The name of the patentee: Dagestan State Technical University (DSTU) (RU)
Address for correspondence: 367015, Makhachkala, etc. Imam Shamil, 70, DSTU, Intellectual Property Department.
Starting date of the patent: 2004.06.18
The invention relates to the structure of the thermoelectric battery (TEB). Technical result: an increase in the temperature difference. SUMMARY: TEB is composed of series-connected into the circuit through switching plates alternating branches respectively made of p-type semiconductor and n-type. Electrical connection branches is performed by contacting the p-type branch - switching plate - n-type branch, branch where the p-type contact with the end face of one surface of the circuit plate, and the n-type branch - the other. Each branch of TEB in contact with opposite end faces of the two patch plates. Switching plates have an area slightly larger than the cross sectional area of the branch-and p-n-type, so that their tips protrude from the surface of the structure formed by the branches of TEB. The ends of the odd patch of plates in favor of one surface of the structure, and the ends of the even switching plates - for another. Switching plate in the part that protrudes from the surface of the structure formed by the branches of the FEB have through holes. The openings of all even plates switching means of conduits made of insulating material are connected into a single channel through which coolant flows during operation of TEB. Similarly, combined into a single channel by means of conduits made of insulating material, the holes all odd the switching plates. TEB and piping are isolated from the environment through the insulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a thermoelectric instrument engineering, in particular to the structure of the thermoelectric battery (TEB).
TEB is known, as described in [1]. TEB consists of series-connected in the electric circuit of semiconductor thermocouples, each of which is formed by two branches (columns, made either cylindrical or a rectangular parallelepiped), respectively made of a semiconductor p- and n-type. thermoelements branches interconnected by means of switching plates and the two switching arms (p- and n-type) for the switching plate is made to one and the same flat surface on the edges of the latter. When this thermocouple has a U-shape, where the vertical elements - p- and n-branches, and the horizontal - switching plates. The electrically series-connected switching plates thermocouples forming TEB, enclosed between two high heat insulating plates - heat transmission (usually ceramic).
The disadvantages of the known designs are: the presence of mechanical stresses caused by the bimetallic effect, significant contact of electric and thermal resistances (switching plates and heat transmission), heat gains from the hot switching plate to cool on mezhtermoelementnym gaps that reduce the efficiency of the fuel and energy balance, but also the complexity of effective removal of heat from the junction thermocouples.
The closest to the claimed TEB is described in [2], which consists of series-connected into the circuit through switching semiconductor thermoelements plates, each of which is formed by two branches made of a semiconductor, respectively p and n-type electrical connection is carried out by contacting the branches p-type branch - switching plate - n-type branch, branch where the p-type contact with the end face of one surface of the circuit plate, and the n-type branch - the other, with each branch contact with opposite end faces of the two patch plates.
Known TEB does not allow to achieve a significant temperature difference when using heat transfer fluids.
The task to be solved by the invention is to provide a thermoelectric battery lacking these drawbacks.
The technical result is achieved by using the invention is to increase the temperature difference through the use of heat transfer fluids.
The solution of the problem is provided in that the thermoelectric battery, consisting of successively connected into the circuit through switching semiconductor thermoelements plates, each of which is formed by two branches made of a semiconductor, respectively p and n-type electrical connection is carried out by contacting the branches branch p -type - switching plate - n-type branch, branch where the p-type contact with the end face of one surface of the circuit plate, and the n-type branch - the other, with each branch in the thermoelectric battery contact with opposite end faces of two switching plates wherein the switching plates have an area slightly larger than the cross sectional area of the branch-and p-n-type, so that their tips protrude from the surface of the structure formed by the branches of the thermoelectric battery, the ends of odd switching plates protrude beyond one surface of the structure, and the ends of switching even plates - for the other, with the switching plate in the part that protrudes from the surface of the structure formed by the branches of the thermoelectric battery, have through-holes, the holes of all odd switching plates by means of electrical conduits are connected to one channel on which during operation of the thermoelectric battery flows coolant and opening the switching of all even plates are connected in the same manner in the second channel, the thermoelectric battery and piping are isolated from the insulated environment.
The invention is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a structure of TEB. TEB consists of series-connected into the circuit through switching plates 1 and 2 alternating branches respectively made of p-type semiconductor and n-3 type 4. Electrical connection branches is performed by contacting the p-type branch 3 - switching plate 1 or 2 - branch 4 n-type, wherein the p-type branch 3 is contacted with an end surface of one surface of the circuit plate, and the n-type branch 4 - on the other. Each branch of TEB in contact with opposite end faces of two switching plates 1 and 2. The switching plates 1 and 2 have an area slightly larger than the cross sectional area of the branch-and p-n-type 3 and 4, so that their tips protrude from the surface of the structure formed by TEB branches. The ends of odd switching plates 1 protrude over one surface of the structure, and the ends of the switching plates 2 even - for another.
Switching plates 1 and 2 in the portion that protrudes from the surface of the structure formed by TEB branches have the through holes 5 and 6. The openings 5 of the plates 1 by means of switching conduits 7 made of insulating material are connected into a single channel through which a TEB flows during operation the coolant. Similarly, combined into a single channel by means of conduits 8 and made of electrically insulating material, the holes 6 of the plates 2 switching.
On the surface at the end of branches are at the beginning and end of the fuel mix, there are contact pads 9, by which the supply of electric power to the TEB. TEB and lines 7 and 8 are isolated from the environment through the insulation 10.
TEB in thermoelectric cooler mode operates as follows.
When passing through the TEB constant electric current supplied from the electrical power source (not shown) via contact pads 9, switching between the plates 1 and 2, representing contacts branches p-type and n-3 and 4, there is a temperature difference caused by the isolation and Peltier heat absorption. When an electrical current polarity indicated in the figure heats switching plates 2 and cooling plates 1. Accordingly, switching takes place heated coolant flowing through the channel formed by the through holes 6 in switching two plates 8 and pipelines, and cooling the coolant flowing through the channel formed by through- holes 5 in one switching plates 7 and conduits.
The cooled heat transfer fluid is used to remove heat from the cooling object, and the heated - cooled by natural or forced heat exchange with the environment through teplosbrosa system.
TEB in a thermoelectric generator mode operates as follows.
When passing, for example, the channel formed by the holes 6 in the switching plates 2 and pipes 8 the coolant with increased temperature, and the channel formed by holes 5 switching plates 1 and the pipes 7 of coolant at reduced temperature, between the connection plates 1 and 2 is set a certain difference temperatures. With such a difference in temperature between the connection plates 1 and 2 contact branches engaged p- and n-type 3 and 4 between the contact pads 9, a potential difference - thermoelectric power due to the Seebeck effect. With the closure of contact pads 9 for a given electrical load of the formed circuit, a constant electric current. The electric current flowing through the circuit depends on the thermo-electromotive force, which in turn depends on the thermo-emf coefficient of the thermoelectric material, the number of thermocouples in the TEB, the temperature difference between the connection plates 1 and 2 and the value of electrical load.
The claimed TEB has the following advantages compared to the existing analogue:
1. Elimination of mechanical stresses caused by the bimetallic effect and thus improving the reliability of TEB.
2. In the claimed design greatly reduces heat flows from hot to cold contact contacts the adjacent branches of the fuel and energy balance.
3. The switching from the performance of TEB plate contacts specificity are much thinner in the direction of electric current than analog, resulting in a significant reduction in their electric and thermal resistances and heat capacities, which enables to achieve a lower temperature, and decreases as the output time constant FEB working mode; In addition, reduced electrical contact resistance.
4. The inventive design can be used with different lengths of the branches, allowing for more accurate matching of parameters such as current and optimum temperature differential for each pair of n- and p-type branches, resulting in an increase in energy efficiency of TEB.
5. The improved conditions of heat exchange between the object and the cooling switching plates, and the plates and switching and teplosbrosa system.
LITERATURE
1. Burstein AI Physical bases of calculation of semiconductor thermoelectric devices. M .: Fizmatgiz, 1962.
2. B.S.Pozdnyakov, E.A.Koptelov. Thermoelectric power, Atomizdat 1974, p.88, Figure 5.13.
CLAIM
Thermoelectric battery, consisting of successively connected into the circuit through switching semiconductor thermoelements plates, each of which is formed by two branches made of a semiconductor, respectively p and n-type electrical connection branches is performed by contacting the p-type branch - switching plate - branch n -type, wherein the p-type branch of the end surface contact with one surface of the circuit plate and the n-type branch - the other, with each branch in the thermoelectric battery contact with opposite end faces of two switching plates, wherein the plates have a switching area, several greater than the cross sectional area of the branch-and p-n-type, so that their tips protrude from the surface of the structure formed by the branches of the thermoelectric battery, characterized in that the ends of odd switching plates protrude beyond one surface of the structure, and the ends of the even switching plates - for the other while the switching plate in the part that protrudes from the surface of the structure formed by the branches of the thermoelectric battery, have through-holes, wherein the holes of all odd switching plates by means of electrical conduits are connected to one channel on which during operation of the thermoelectric battery flows coolant, and opening of all even plates are connected to switching in the same manner in the second channel, the thermoelectric battery and piping are isolated from the insulated environment.
print version
Publication date 13.01.2007gg
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