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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2219370

EXTRACTION DEVICE FOR THERMAL ENERGY FROM THE AIR ENVIRONMENT to produce electricity and fresh water

EXTRACTION DEVICE FOR THERMAL ENERGY FROM THE AIR ENVIRONMENT to produce electricity and fresh water

Name of the inventor: Stanislav Viktorovich Tsivinskii
The name of the patentee: Tsivinskii Stanislav Viktorovich
Address for correspondence: 109417, Moscow, p / 15, S.V.Tsivinskomu
Starting date of the patent: 2002.12.16

The invention is designed to produce electricity and fresh water, using the heat of the ambient air, and as a refrigerant - liquid nitrogen, which is a waste of industrial production of oxygen. An apparatus for generating electricity and fresh water comprises liquid nitrogen evaporator with a heater, a compressor for compressing the vaporized nitrogen working gas, compressed nitrogen heater warm ambient air turbine or turbine stage operating on a heated nitrogen pipelines connecting structural elements. This pipe from the evaporator to the compressor is made insulated and piping from the compressor to the turbine or turbine stage - not insulated. Heater compressed nitrogen warm ambient air is in the form of two parallel alternately be included with the heater coils to condense the water dew or ice, the melt periodically electric heaters. For additional cooling of the exhaust turbine stage or nitrogen gas turbine operating refrigerator configured as a coil, immersed in liquid nitrogen. Method of generating electricity and fresh water is evaporated that the working gas is nitrogen with a temperature of 85-100K initially compressed to 50-20 times, while the temperature is raised to a temperature below the ambient temperature, and then warm ambient air heaters to increase the temperature working nitrogen gas at constant pressure to ambient air temperature. While providing the condensation of water vapor from the air in the form of dew or ice, which are periodically melted by electric heaters. Then the working gas is nitrogen fed to the turbine or turbine stage for rotation, and electric power generation, and the cooled gas is passed into the coil located in the liquid nitrogen to lower the temperature of the initial state at a constant initial pressure. The invention improves the efficiency of power generation, while providing production of fresh water.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to power sources, which additionally as a byproduct fresh produce drinking water by condensing water vapor from air.

Known devices called heat pump [1-4], for extracting heat from the surrounding air or water environments.

The disadvantage of these devices is that the extracted heat can not be converted into electrical energy and this heat is used for heating. This restricts the use of environmental heat.

Known and apparatus for producing fresh water by condensing water vapor from the air [5, 6].

The disadvantage of these devices is that they are in the preparation of drinking water only consume electricity, but it does not produce.

A device is described for utility model [7], wherein the pre liquid nitrogen evaporates, flows into conduit warmed ambient heat medium compressed by the compressor and is directed into a conduit heated by the heat pump, and then fed to the turbine, the torque generator that generated electricity send to the grid. A gas turbine rotating blade, performing mechanical work by adiabatic expansion, is cooled and its pressure becomes equal to the gas pressure in the evaporator. It is assumed that the temperature of the cooled gas will be equal to the initial temperature of the evaporator gas after its transition to a gaseous state that, according to calculations, it is impossible, as the temperature will be higher, and to reduce it need a special device called in thermodynamics fridge which is present in all known active heat engines, but in the device according to the testimony of the utility model is not available, resulting in a cyclical process of compression and expansion of the gas is not closed, and the whole device unusable.

The closest analogue to the claimed apparatus and method for a thermal power plant, as described in the Russian Federation Patent 2148175 C1, IPC 7 F 01 K 25/10, publ. 04/27/2000, (10).

Thermal power plant comprises a tubular cylindrical boiler, a turbine, a generator and working fluid heating system comprising a heat exchanger, a fan, a condenser, two dewar two compressors, two pump with pipes and shut-off and control valves, as energy is applied the air, and as the working fluid and the coolant used cryogenic liquid and after the boiler superheater is installed, equipped with a fan. At the bottom of the casing is made superheater window facing in the attached rectangular box, which is installed inside the conveyor to remove the ice blade. The superheater mounted deicers, such as an ultrasonic generator.

This thermal power plant has a low efficiency for generating electric energy, thus resulting ice useful work is used.

Object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of generating electricity and fresh water, using liquid nitrogen, which is a cheap waste industrial mass production of oxygen from air. [9]

Said technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for generating electricity and fresh water, comprising an evaporator of liquid nitrogen with a heater, a compressor for compressing the evaporated working nitrogen gas, compressed nitrogen warm ambient air heater environment turbine or stage turbines running on a heated nitrogen piping connecting structural elements, wherein the piping from the evaporator to the compressor is configured insulated as well conduit from the compressor to the turbine or stage turbines - not insulated, the heating compressed nitrogen warm ambient air is in the form of two parallel alternately included heater with coils to condense the water dew or ice, the melt periodically electric heaters, and to further cool the exhaust from the turbine stage or nitrogen working gas turbines refrigerator configured as a coil, immersed in liquid nitrogen.

Method of generating electricity and fresh water, which consists in that the vaporized working gas - nitrogen with a temperature of 85-100K initially compressed to 50-20 times, which increases with temperature to a temperature below the ambient temperature, and then warm to ambient air heaters increase the temperature of the working nitrogen gas at constant pressure to ambient air temperature, while providing the condensation of water vapor from the air in the form of dew or ice, which are periodically melted by electric heaters, and then the working gas is nitrogen fed to the turbine or stage turbine for rotating an electric generator and power generation, and the cooled gas is passed into the coil located in the liquid nitrogen to lower the temperature of the initial state at a constant initial pressure.

The essence of the invention consists in that, after compression in the compressor working gas has a temperature significantly below the ambient air temperature in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics heat from the environment flows into the working gas is nitrogen, which provides a high efficiency of the proposed device. In addition, when extracting heat from the ambient air decreases its temperature, and it contains water vapor condenses, allowing to obtain fresh drinking water.

EXTRACTION DEVICE FOR THERMAL ENERGY FROM THE AIR ENVIRONMENT to produce electricity and fresh water

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the proposed device. 2 shows the thermodynamic cycle of the working gas in the proposed device.

The device in Figure 1 consists of: 1 Evaporator liquefied gas, hermetically closed lid 2; Electric heater 3; insulated pipe 4; compressor 5; 6 are not thermally insulated pipe with valves 7, 8, 9, 10; working gas heaters 11, 12 to the coils 13, 14, electric heaters 15, 16, valves 17, 18 for discharging potable water from the holes 19, 20 and 21, 22 for inlet and exhaust heaters in one of ambient air; 23 turbine (or a cascade of turbines) with an associated electric generator 24; the refrigerator 25 filled with liquid nitrogen in a medium which is located a coil 26, passing through which is cooled by the working gas, the exhaust turbine 23, and a thermally insulated conduit 27 enters the evaporator 1, and the pouring of liquid nitrogen and to remove the vaporized liquid nitrogen from the refrigerator 25 on the refrigerator cabinet has holes 28 and 29.

Schematic diagram of the proposed device is shown as a loop in Figure 2. Initially, through a hole in the lid 2 of the evaporator 1 is filled inside a certain amount of liquid nitrogen, for example one kilomole nitrogen, 28 kg, then the lid 2 is closed and the electrical heater 3. Immediately after the evaporation of the electric heater 3 is turned off liquid nitrogen. Further, according to the original 2, liquid nitrogen evaporated adiabatically compressed by the compressor. The gas temperature increases from T 1 to T 2, which is significantly lower than the ambient air temperature, and the pressure increases from P 1 to P 2 (state 2, Figure 2). Then the working gas is not thermally insulated heat conductor 6 is supplied to one of the heaters 11 or 12. If gas is supplied to the heater 11, the valves 7 and 8 are opened and 9 and 10 are closed. Simultaneously, through the opening 19 into the heater 11 begin to pump ambient air, which gives off heat to the working gas in the coil 13 and exits the heater through the hole 22. Thus the working gas in the coil 13 at a constant pressure P 2 ambient air is heated to a temperature T 3 and exits from the heater 11 during line 6 (working gas transition from state 2 to state 3, Figure 2).

Water vapor contained in the ambient air, is condensed in the heater 11 in the form of dew and ice, and after a sufficient number of cranes 7 and 8 of the heater 11 is closed, the electric heater 16, the ice was melted and the resultant water discharged through the valve 17.

Immediately after the closing of valves 7 and 8 and open valves 9 and 10 instead of the heater 11 starts the heater 12 as described above with respect to the heater 11.

The working gas at a pressure P 2 and temperature T 3 to continue the line 6 is directed through a nozzle to a turbine blade 23 (or a cascade of turbines), where the working gas adiabatically expands and rotates the turbine 23 and attached thereto generator 24 generating electricity is sent to the grid. Thus the working gas temperature is reduced from T 3 to T 4 while the pressure decreases from P 2 to P 1 (the working gas pressure in the evaporator 1 and the pipe 4) - the transition from state 3 to state 4 (Figure 2). Next, the working gas is at a temperature T 4 and pressure P 1 to the coil 26 is provided in the refrigerator 25 filled with liquid nitrogen, and cooled to a temperature T 1 and a thermally insulated conduit 27 enters the evaporator 1 at a temperature T 1 and pressure P 1 (transition from state 4 to state 1, 2). Thus, the working gas cycle is completed and then can be repeated any number of times, producing electricity from the heat of the ambient air, using as holodoagenta (refrigerator), liquid nitrogen, which is cheaper waste mass industrial production of oxygen from liquid air.

Liquid nitrogen is periodically topped up in the refrigerator 25 through the opening 28 in the housing 25 of the refrigerator, and the liquid nitrogen is vaporized while cooling the working gas is removed through the opening 29.

The quantity of work produced during one cycle of the working gas, can be significant, and can be simply calculated graphically from the area 2 cycle. She can easily be calculated from the known thermodynamic equations [8]. This work is 1.5-2 times the energy expended in the compressor 5.

Thus, the proposed device makes it possible to generate electricity from the heat of the ambient air. Her work is based on the crystal-clear well-established laws of thermodynamics, which it does not.

For the proposed power generation device requires only ambient air environment with temperature for a conventional terrestrial conditions, and liquid nitrogen, which is a cheap waste industrial mass production of oxygen from liquid air [9].

The big advantage of the device is the ability, in addition to electricity, to produce fresh drinking water, since in today's world, the problem of obtaining fresh drinking water as sharp as the problem of generating electricity. The produced water can be introduced mineral supplements, and water becomes equivalent natural water quality.

The generated electricity is proposed device after use and eventually returns to the environment in the form of heat, which will result in no environmental changes occur. The device is environmentally safe. Its use with liquid nitrogen, which is a cheap industrial waste mass from the liquid oxygen producing air gives great economic benefit, but a quantitative estimate it is currently difficult.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Ray D., J. McMichael Heat pumps, Energoizdat, Moscow, 1982

2. Kushnyrev VI, Lebedev VI, Pavlenko VA Technical thermodynamics and heat transfer, Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1986, str.236.

3. Sokolov EY Energy bases of transformation of heat and cooling processes, Energoizdat, Moscow, 1981, p.28, 60-63.

4. Baklastov AM, Gorbenko V. Danilov OD et al. Industrial heat transfer processes and installations, Energoatomisdat, Moscow, 1986, str.292.

5. Tsivinskii SV device for obtaining fresh water by condensing water vapor from the air, RF Patent 2045978, 1991 MPK 6 B 01 D 5/00.

6. Tsivinskii SV Device for the efficient production of fresh water by condensing water vapor from the air, RF Patent 2169032, 1999 IPC 7 01 D 5/00.

7. Tsivinskii SV A device for extracting heat from the water and ambient air to produce electricity, utility model certificates of the Russian Federation 5848 1995, IPC 6 F 25 B 30/02.

8. Jaworski BM, Detlaf AA Handbook of Physics Publishing House "Nauka", Moscow, 1990 str.98-113.

9. Glizmanenko DL Getting oxygen, Publisher of "Chemistry", Moscow, 1972 str.15-29.

10. The patent of the Russian Federation 2,148,175 C1, IPC 7 F 01 K 25/10, publ. 27.04.2000.

CLAIM

1. An apparatus for generating electricity and fresh water, comprising a liquid nitrogen evaporator with a heater, a compressor for compressing the vaporized nitrogen working gas, compressed nitrogen heater warm ambient air turbine or turbine stage operating on a heated nitrogen pipelines connecting structural members with this pipe from the evaporator to the compressor is configured insulated as well conduit from the compressor to the turbine or stage turbines - not insulated, the heating compressed nitrogen warm ambient air is in the form of two parallel alternately included heaters with coils to condense the water dew or ice, periodically meltable electric heaters, and to further cool the exhaust from the turbine stage or nitrogen working gas turbines refrigerator configured as a coil, immersed in liquid nitrogen.

2. A method for generating electricity and fresh water, which consists in that the working gas is vaporized nitrogen at a temperature of 85-100 K 50-20 initially compressed in time, while the temperature is raised to a temperature below the ambient temperature, and then heat the ambient air in heaters raise the working gas temperature of the nitrogen at a constant pressure to the ambient air temperature, while providing the condensation of water vapor from the air in the form of dew or ice, which are periodically melted by electric heaters, and then the working gas is nitrogen fed to the turbine or stage turbine for rotation and electric power generation, and the cooled gas is passed into the coil located in the liquid nitrogen to lower the temperature of the initial state at a constant initial pressure.

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Publication date 13.02.2007gg