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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2041390
Process for the direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy ROTATION AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION B.F.KOCHETKOVA
Name of the inventor: Kochetkov Boris Fedorovich
The name of the patentee: Kochetkov Boris Fedorovich
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1992.04.16
Use: Energy. The inventive rotor 1 is installed freely rotatably around a horizontal axis on the boundary between adjacent AA distinct regions of space, which is filled with gas or liquid with different heating temperatures T 1 and T 2. On rotor establish connections 2, capable of changing the distance from the axis O of the rotor when imzmenenii heating temperature, which connect the rotor 1 having the same weight of goods 3, evenly spaced around the circumference. Due to different temperature heat bonds in adjacent regions of space and the thermal expansion of loads, which are located on opposite sides of a vertical plane B in passing through the rotation axis are at different distances from the axis O of the rotor, which leads to a torque rise under the influence of forces gravity F, acting on the loads 3, resulting in the rotation of the rotor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods for the direct conversion of energy, particularly thermal energy into rotational mechanical energy using gravitational interaction, and to apparatus for carrying out this method. The invention can be used as stationary sources of mechanical energy.
Known way to convert heat energy into mechanical energy of rotation that is applied a rotor with uniformly arranged circumferentially heat-sensitive elements having fixed to their weights, which result in a non-equilibrium position with respect to the axis by heating with radiant energy heat sensitive elements arranged on one of the rotor sides, and move with the loads in radial directions (USSR Patent N 19407, cl. the F 03 G 7/00, 1931).
This method of power conversion was done in a heat engine, comprising a rotor on which are uniformly circumferentially mounted heat sensitive elements and attached thereto loads movable in the radial direction, the rotor is placed in the flow of radiant heat energy, and one of the rotor sides closed by radiation screen.
Known and method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation, consisting in that use a rotor which is arranged freely rotatably on a horizontal shaft mounted on it by means of the filled liquid a carbon dioxide thermosensitive connections evenly across loads circumference with the possibility of back translation movement in radial directions, and provide through the use of a thermal radiant energy opposite in sign to change the heating temperature of said bonds, placed diametrically opposite with respect to the rotor axis (auth. St. of N 30516, cl. the F 03 G 6/00, 1933).
Said method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation is implemented in an engine with a rotating cylinder comprising a rotor shaft which is mounted horizontally on supports freely rotatably on which by means having radially property change in linear dimensions filled with liquid carbon dioxide identical links with temperature changes, set uniformly circumferentially in radial cylinders equal in weight loads as a piston with a reciprocating movement together with constraints in radial directions, while on the path of movement past installed a heating means in the form of solar and cooling of the filled carbon dioxide chambers in which the cylinders are arranged.
The disadvantage of this method and implementing its device is the unreliability and variability of work, but also the complexity of the operation in connection with the use as a source of thermal energy solar, low carrying capacity for the same reason, uneconomical, associated with a large flow of the liquid carbon dioxide used as a working body.
The present invention achieves technical result (purpose of the invention), is to improve the reliability, ensuring continuity and simplification of the direct conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy of rotation while increasing load capacity and improving the efficiency of mechanical energy.
Said technical result according to the method of direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation with gravitational interaction is achieved in that the rotor is used, which is arranged freely rotatably on a horizontal shaft mounted thereon with thermosensitive bonds uniformly circumferentially loads with the possibility of back translational move in the radial directions and provided opposite in sign to the change of heating temperature of said links located diametrically oppositely relative to the rotor axis, using two separate spatial area, which is filled with gas or liquid with different temperatures of heating, at boundary line of these areas disposed rotor shaft, and heat-sensitive communication is in the form termobimetallicheskih elements and provide them the opportunity to move from one spatial region to another adjacent area when the rotor rotates.
The goal is the implementation of the method is achieved in an apparatus for direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical rotational energy, comprising a gravity-heat converter formed as a rotor shaft of which is mounted horizontally on bearings for free rotation, in which through the same connection with the property change in linear dimensions in radial directions with changing temperature, are set evenly at the circumference of the same weight loads with the possibility of reciprocating movement together with constraints in radial directions, and in the path of movement past has heating and cooling means, wherein the communication goods made as termobimetallicheskih elements, which are mounted on the ends of loads, the heating and cooling means are in the form of adjacent containers filled with a gas or liquid with different temperatures, but the rotor shaft is placed at the boundary line of adjacent containers.
Termobimetallicheskie elements are in the form of plates, each of which is attached to the rotor at an angle to its radial projection, while the other free end is connected with a load, wherein the active and passive layers of termobimetallicheskih plates turned respectively in one direction or in the direction of the rotor axis, or opposite direction.
Termobimetallicheskie elements are in the form of twisted or helical springs each of which one end is attached to the rotor, and the other end is connected with a load, wherein the active and passive layers of springs termobimetallicheskih respectively facing in the same direction relative to the rotor axis.
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In the drawings shown FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for the direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the gravitational interaction with FIG. 2 and 3 show perspective views of two variants of the device for carrying out this method.
The direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation (FIG. 1) is that the difference in energy content using two distinct spatial regions, filled with liquid gas or with different heating temperatures T 1 and T 2. Line A-A demarcation of these areas relative to the horizontal when filling their homogeneous media (eg, gas) can be arbitrary. In this case, the spatial region located above and to the left of the line A-A, T has its two filling medium temperature (liquid or gas) higher than the temperature T 1 of the medium in the spatial domain, located on this line and the right below. At boundary line A-A spatial domains set rotor 1 having a freely rotatable about a horizontal axis A. By uniformly attach the same rotor radial circumferential connection 2, made of a material with high performance thermal linear expansion coefficient, which is set at the ends of three loads, having the same mass. Thermosensitive connection 2 in the spatial domain at a higher temperature T 2 due to thermal expansion are greater in length as compared with links located in the spatial domain at a temperature T 1 of the medium. Accordingly, the removal of R 2 3 cargo from the rotor axis O in the spatial domain with high temperature T 2 is significantly more than R 1 removal of goods from the same axis O in the spatial domain at a temperature T 1.
Consequently, the first of these torque loads create FR 2, FR and the second one (where the weight of the load F). Since R 2 is greater than R 1, and the torque FR 2 first load torque is greater FR 1 produced by the second load. Thus, in this case, the total value of the torques of all the goods located in the spatial domain with a higher temperature on the left side of the vertical plane B-B through the axis O of the rotor 1 is greater than the total value of the torques of all goods, located in a spatial area with a lower temperature to the right of the vertical plane B-B. Since the torques are the F gravitational forces, acting on the loads, the total points on opposite sides of a vertical plane B-B will be directed in opposite directions. The rotor 1 is mounted freely rotatably around the axis O will rotate in the direction of action greater in magnitude of the total torque, in this case shown in FIG. 1 anti-clockwise.
The method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation may be performed in an apparatus comprising a gravity-heat converter, two versions of which are shown in FIG. 2 and 3.
An apparatus for direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation, shown in FIG. 2, is mounted on the horizontal shaft 4, a rotor 1, a radial protrusions which at right angles to them uniformly circumferentially fixed connection in the form termobimetallicheskih plate 2, the ends of which are fixed loads 3. The rotor 1 via the shaft 4 is mounted on a support 5 which is situated inside the container 6, filled with liquid to a level a-a, the temperature T 1 which, in this case the temperature T 2 lower than the surrounding gas (air). The rotor 1 is partially immersed in the liquid part 7 and its two connections located in the liquid and other bonds are in the surrounding gas medium. All plates 2 termobimetallicheskih active and passive layers are turned respectively in one direction or in the direction of the rotor axis, or in the opposite direction.
Device for energy conversion of FIG. 3, similarly to the above with distinction by two linkages, which are constructed as springs termobimetallicheskih, with all of them active and passive layers respectively facing in the same direction relative to the rotor axis. Each of the two springs termobimetallicheskih one end attached to the rotor 1 and the other end rigidly associated with the load Termobimetallicheskie 3. Formation of a rod spring or strip of great length, and therefore they provide the greatest longitudinal expansion or contraction as the temperature changes and have a rigidity sufficient to hold the cargo 3 when the rotor rotates. For this purpose, may additionally be used attached to a rotor radial rods 8, which guides are in radial loads and movements transmitted to the rotor torque. The rotor 1 with two bonds partially placed in the receptacle 6 with the liquid 7, which is different from the temperature of the surrounding gas (air) temperature.
DEVICE FOR ENERGY CONVERSION WORKS AS FOLLOWS
In the apparatus of FIG. 2, it is assumed that the active layer of each termobimetallicheskoy plate 2 with a higher temperature coefficient of linear expansion facing towards the rotor axis O, and the passive layer in the opposite direction. When the rotor 1 fixed inside the receptacle 6 termobimetallicheskie plate 2 under the influence of low-temperature liquid contained in a container 7 are bent toward the axis O of the rotor 3 and the loads are at a minimum distance R 1 from the axis O. Termobimetallicheskie plate located above the level A-A in the liquid environmental atmosphere having a high temperature under the influence of thermal expansion are bent away from the axis of the rotor and accordingly increase the distance from the axis O of the associated loads. To get started, the rotor 1 is rotated about the device a quarter-turn in the direction in which it should rotate during operation. The rotor is in a non-equilibrium position, since the loads 3, located on opposite sides of the vertical plane B-B through the axis O of the rotor will be located at different distances from the axis O and thus produce this axis different in magnitude and direction torques under the influence of gravitational forces F.
In the position shown in FIG. 2 loads to the left of the vertical plane B-B in connection with the rotation of the rotor by a quarter turn counter-clockwise, are located at a greater distance R 2 from the axis O and create under the influence of gravitational forces greater largest torque as compared to the goods in R1 at a smaller distance from the axis A. Under the influence of the difference of the total torque values generated by all loads of the rotor 1 in this case will rotate counterclockwise. Termobimetallicheskih heating plates 2 gas and cooling medium while in their liquid occurs gradually with their respective moving and bending loads in radial directions. Loads will be closest to the axis O of rotation of the rotor at the outlet of the fluid (to the right of the vertical plane B-B) and at the furthest into the fluid inlet (on the left of B-B plane). Due to the more intensive heating of the temperature change in the fluid termobimetallicheskih plates compared with the gaseous medium, the level A-A of a liquid below the rotor axis O, which increases the reliability of the device. This ensures a stable rotation of the rotor and the operation of the device under the influence of the total torque, which occurs due to the action of gravity on the weights, which are on opposite sides of the vertical B-B at different distances from the axis of rotation.
In the case where the described device (FIG. 2), the liquid 7 in the container 6 has a higher temperature than the surrounding gaseous medium, the device operation is ensured by installing termobimetallicheskih plates with the location of the active layer with a higher thermal linear expansion coefficient in on the side of the axis of the rotor and the passive layer contacting with a lower temperature coefficient of linear expansion in the direction of the axis O of the rotor. The conditions for operation of the device will not differ from those described above, since the heating plates 2 termobimetallicheskih liquid 7 will result in the approximation of goods 3 to the rotor axis O, and the cooling plates by passing a gaseous medium above the liquid surface moves loads at a greater distance from the rotational axis.
An apparatus for energy conversion comprising termobimetallicheskie elements in the form of springs (Fig. 3) and operates exactly as above in FIG. 2, with the only difference being that the length termobimetallicheskih elements 2 by performing them in the form of springs increases significantly, which consequently increases the amplitude change their linear dimensions at different temperatures and heating increases due to this load capacity of the device.
For carrying out the process of energy conversion, and operate the respective devices are in particular used thermal waters coming from circulation water conditioners turbine, the exhaust from all types of furnaces hot gas. It is possible, and the use of water temperature difference in the water bodies and the cold outside air in winter, hot air or direct sun heat with the cooling water in the hot areas and others. The device has a single movable element-rotor, which eliminates the need for constant supervision of them during work and extremely easy operation. This provides fully achieve the objective of the invention.
CLAIM
1. A process for the direct conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy of rotation, which consists in the fact that the rotor is used, which is arranged freely rotatably on a horizontal shaft mounted along its circumference by means of temperature-sensitive cargo connections with the possibility of reciprocating movement in radial directions and provide an opposite sign change temperature heating connections arranged diametrically opposite with respect to the rotor axis, characterized in that the two adjacent spatial regions which is filled with gas or liquid with different temperatures of heating, at boundary line of these areas disposed rotor shaft, and the heat-sensitive connection is in the form termobimetallicheskih elements and ensure their ability to move from one spatial region to another adjacent region when the rotor rotates.
2. An apparatus for the direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical rotational energy, comprising a gravity-heat converter formed as a rotor shaft of which is mounted horizontally on bearings for free rotation and on which at regular communication with the property change in linear dimensions in radial directions temperature changes, set uniformly circumferentially equal weight loads with the possibility of reciprocating movement together with constraints in the radial direction, while on the path of movement past has heating and cooling means, characterized in that the connection of cargo carried in the form termobimetallicheskih elements on the ends of which are fixed loads, with heating and cooling means are in the form of adjacent containers filled with a gas or liquid with different temperatures, but the rotor shaft is placed at the boundary line of adjacent containers.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that termobimetallicheskie elements are in the form of plates, each of which is attached to the rotor at an angle to its radial projection, while the other free end is connected with a load, wherein the active and passive layers of the plates face termobimetallicheskih respectively in one direction or in the direction of the rotor axis, or in the opposite direction.
4. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that termobimetallicheskie elements are in the form of twisted or helical springs each of which one end is attached to the rotor, and the other end is connected with a load, wherein the active and passive layers of springs facing termobimetallicheskih respectively one side of the rotor axis.
print version
Publication date 13.02.2007gg
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