| section Home
Production, Amateur Radio amateur Model aircraft, rocket- Useful, entertaining |
Stealth master
Electronics Physics Technologies invention |
space Mystery
Earth Mysteries Secrets of the Ocean Stealth section Map |
  |
| Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Products Patents / In the section of the catalog / back / |
|
INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2131156
thermoelectric converters
Name of the inventor: Kosarev Alexander
The name of the patentee: Alexander Kosarev
Address for correspondence: 460030, Orenburg, ul.Konstitutsii, 24-90, Kosarev AV
Starting date of the patent: 1998.04.20
The invention relates to instrument engineering, namely the direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity, and can be used as a constant current source. The technical result - an increase of electrical power and increase efficiency by reducing internal resistance of the thermocouple. The thermoelectric converter comprises a thermopile formed by series-connected thermocouples. Each thermocouple is made in the form of sandwich panels with superposed layers of the hot junction and the cold junction of branches. Junctions branches arranged across a pair of surfaces. The branches of the thermocouples are made of length equal to the thickness of the layer, and are separated from each other teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert. The cold junction of each thermocouple is divided into two parts teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert to form a commutation busses. The thermocouple is formed as a multilayer structure comprising superposed with offset parallel sandwich panels coupled serially connected thermocouples. displacement step is chosen equal to half the cross-section of a thermocouple. Three-layer panel formed by electrolysis or sequential deposition of layers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to instrument engineering, namely the direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity, and can be used as a constant current source.
Known contactless thermoelectric converter comprising a dielectric substrate, which has on the surface film heater element and thermally sensitive battery having thermal contact with a heater, and a portion of shunted disposed on the surface of the substrate film capacitor (AS USSR N 1376855, IPC 6 H 01 L 35/32, publ. 23.08.90, Bull. of N 31).
The disadvantages of the known converter are its small electric capacity and low coefficient of performance (COP).
Known and multielement thermoelectric converter comprising a dielectric substrate, the surface of which has separated by dielectric layers of film resistive heater, the thermopile constituted by thermocouples, and arranged between the heater and the hot junctions of the thermopile conductive layer coupled to the output branches terminal thermocouple thermopile via formed on the surface of the substrate film capacitors (a. s. of the USSR N 1364168, IPC 6 H 01 L 35/32, publ. 23.09.91, Bul. 35 N).
However, the disadvantages of such a converter is a small electric capacity and low efficiency.
The closest to the described a thermoelectric converter comprising a housing having disposed therein a dielectric substrate whose surface has a film resistance heater main battery of thermocouples, each of which consists of two branches, the hot and cold junctions, wherein the hot junctions are in thermal contact a heater and cool - with the housing, and frequency-dependent correction stage formed by a capacitor and a portion of the heater that has no thermal contact with the thermocouple primary batteries, and an optional thermocouple element connected to the main battery series-counter, dissimilar junctions which thermocouples are respectively in thermal contact with the casing and forming part of a correction stage heater portion (AS USSR N 1475425, IPC 6 H 01 L 35/32, publ. 09.23.90. Bull. 35 N).
However, it as previous and analogues, has a small electric capacity and low efficiency, because of the low heat flux and high internal resistance of the thermocouple.
The invention is aimed at solving the task of creating a thermoelectric converter having increased electrical capacity and higher efficiency due to lower internal resistance of thermocouples.
To solve this problem in a thermoelectric converter comprising a thermopile formed serially connected thermocouples, each of which consists of two branches, the hot and cold junctions according to the invention each thermocouple is in the form sandwich panels with superimposed layers of the hot junction of branches and cold junction, junctions are located on the entire surface of a pair of branches, and the branches of the thermocouples are made of length equal to the thickness of the layer and are separated from one another additionally introduced teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert and cold junction of each thermocouple is divided into two parts teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert to form a commutation busses. Additionally each branch are formed as thermocouples or semiconductor conductive film. Each thermocouple junctions are formed as metal films or foils. Three-layered panel has a flat shape, with horizontal and / or cross-sectional shape is rectangular. Advantageously, the three-layer board was formed by sequential sputtering or electrolysis layers. Teploelektroizolyatsionnaya insert is made of aluminum oxide. Advantageously, and to the thermopile was formed as a multilayer structure comprising superposed with offset parallel connected sandwich panels of thermocouples connected in series, wherein the displacement step would be chosen to be one half of the cross section of the thermocouple. Heat flow is directed perpendicular to the plane of the hot junction thermocouples.
Execution of a thermoelectric converter of a thermopile comprising a thermocouple branches small length equal to the thickness of the film layer (foil), and a large section of equal area of the film (foil) allows to lower the internal resistance of the thermocouple and thus increase the electrical power and increase efficiency of the thermoelectric converter.
Performing the thermopile as a multilayer structure comprising superposed with an offset parallel to each other sandwich panels coupled serially connected thermocouples improves thermoelectric size, power and construction impart strength properties.
 |
 |
||
| |||
The thermoelectric converter comprises a thermopile formed by series-connected thermocouples. Thermocouples are designed as sandwich panels (FIG. 1) comprising layers superimposed on each other one hot junction, branches 2 and 3, the cold junction 4. junctions 1 and 4 are arranged on the entire surface of the pair of branches 2 and 3 (FIG. 2). Branches 2 and 3, thermocouples are made of length equal to the thickness of the layer and are separated from each other teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert 5. The cold junction of the thermocouple 4 is divided into two parts teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert 5 to form a switching tires (Fig. 1). Branches 2 and 3 each are formed as thermocouples or semiconductor conductive film. 1 and junctions of each thermocouple 4 are formed as metal films or foils.
Three-layered panel has a flat shape, and in the plan and / or cross-sectional shape is rectangular (FIG. 1).
Each thermocouple in the form of sandwich panel formed by spraying successive layers or by electrolysis, or by other known techniques used in microelectronics.
As branches 2 and 3, thermocouples may be employed metals or semiconductors having the contact potential difference (used in the production of conventional thermocouples) such as iron and nickel-copper substrate junction.
As teploelektroizolyatsionnoy insert 5 may be used any known material teploelektroizolyatsionnye amenable to spraying, such as alumina.
In an embodiment of the thermopile illustrated in Fig. 3, it is formed as a multilayer structure comprising superposed with offset parallel connected sandwich panels of thermocouples connected in series (FIG. 2). Step offset is selected to be one half of the cross section of the thermocouple, ie. E. Such that the vertically arranged layers of dissimilar metals or semiconductors. Heat flow is directed perpendicular to the surface thermocouples.
Example. A thermocouple consists of a junction of the metal foil, such as copper, on the surface where the two metal film located, for example, iron-nickel, forming branches between which is placed teploelektroizolyatsionnaya insertion, for example, aluminum oxide. The length of each branch in the limit of the order of 100-500 angstroms, i.e. thermocouple branches are thin films formed by the known film microelectronic technologies. Maximum branch length (film thickness) of the thermocouple is determined by the mean free path of the conduction electrons in a crystal, in which the phonons pass of his direction of the electron energy. Over branches films disposed junctions films made from the same metal sputtering as the lower junction, for example, copper, which serve as switching tire pickup electric current. This converter design turns out strong enough, since the sequential deposition of layers, it is a single monolith.
The thermoelectric converter operates as follows.
When a temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions there is the heat flow Q. Due to the Seebeck effect, thermoelectric power is generated and switching rails 4 in the payload (in FIG. Not shown) enters the electrical energy generated. The thermoelectric battery depends on the number of thermocouples connected in series or in combination (serial-parallel). Due to the sharp decrease of the internal resistance of each thermocouple, as a source of EMF increases efficiency.
The internal resistance of r thermocouples and cross sectional area of the branches S thermocouples are related 
Where 
- Electrical resistivity of the material of the thermocouple branches;
l - branch length (film thickness).
Proposed thermoelectric converter is ecologically clean and simple in design, has a manufacturing adaptability that allows you to automate the production of thermopile with any number of thermocouples. Thermocouple surface of such a structure can be done no matter how big it is necessary to organize and significant flows of heat through the thermocouple even at low temperature differences. Due to the use for the manufacture of non-deficient thermocouple elements cheap materials converter has a low manufacturing cost.
CLAIM
1. A thermoelectric converter comprising a thermopile formed thermocouples connected in series, each of which consists of two branches, the hot and cold junctions, characterized in that each thermocouple is formed as a sandwich panel with superposed layers hot junction and cold junction of branches , junctions are arranged over the entire surface a pair of branches, wherein the branches of the thermocouples are made of length equal to the thickness of the layer and separated from one another additionally introduced teploelektroizolyatsionnoy inserting and cold junction of each thermocouple is divided into two parts to form an insert teploelektroizolyatsionnoy switching tires.
2. Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that each branch are formed as thermocouples or semiconductor conductive film.
3. The transducer of claim 1, wherein each of the thermocouple junctions are formed as metal films or foils.
4. The transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-layer panel has a flat shape, with horizontal and / or cross-sectional shape is rectangular.
5. The transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-layer panel formed by successive spraying or electrolytic layers.
6. The transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert is made of teploelektroizolyatsionnaya alumina.
7. Converter according to any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the thermopile formed in a multilayer structure comprising superposed with offset parallel connected sandwich panels of thermocouples connected in series, wherein the displacement step is chosen equal to one half of the cross section of the thermocouple .
8. The transmitter of claim 1, characterized in that the heat flow is directed perpendicular to the plane of the hot junction thermocouples.
print version
Publication date 13.02.2007gg
Comments
Commenting, keep in mind that the content and the tone of your messages can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to his interlocutors, even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in terms of freedom of speech and anonymity offered by the Internet, is changing not only virtual, but real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam control.