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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2230397

thermoelectric battery

thermoelectric battery

Name of the inventor: Terek AY (RU); Rzhevskij VM (RU); Hanin EV
The name of the patentee: Federal State Unitary Enterprise Scientific and Production Enterprise "Kvant"
Address for correspondence: 129626, Moscow, 3rd Mytischinskaya, 16, NPP "Quantum", the patent department
Starting date of the patent: 2002.10.28

Usage: in the direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity. The inventive thermoelectric battery contains a vacuum-tight protective cover with germovyvodami, inside which there are thermocouples, separated from the walls of the cover with hot and cold heat exchange surfaces insulating transitions. The walls of the cover, at least one side of the heat exchange surfaces formed multilayer. The gap between the walls of the multi-layered cover introduced compensator raznovysotnyh thermocouples. At least one surface facing the compensator antidiffusion coating applied. Thermocouples are provided with locking their position relative to the side wall of the cover. Compensator raznovysotnyh made of ductile heat conductive material, such as lead, tin, copper, silver, aluminum, titanium and their alloys. Antidiffusion coating is titanium nitride. The gap between the walls of the cover in the case of oxidizing compensators, for example titanium, is made airtight. To protect the structure from semiconductor materials sublimation products cover its inner surface is provided with a hot-side corrosion-resistant coating, made of titanium, aluminum, rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys. Retainer horizontal thermocouple configured as a bracket made of a dielectric material such as mica. EFFECT: increased service life and specific energy battery performance.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

And zobretenie relates to the direct conversion of thermal energy into electric energy, namely, thermoelectric power generation battery structure provided with a hermetic protective sheath, which prevents the semiconductor thermocouple materials from interaction with atmospheric oxygen.

Known thermoelectric battery, comprising a thin-walled vacuum-tight metal case with germovyvodami, inside which there are thermocouples [1].

However, the known cover design does not allow to increase specific energy characteristics TEB by increasing the force urging it to the heat exchanger (unilateral compression force), since the cover structure does not have the desired reliability under operating conditions with increasing biasing, and there cover the destruction in the contact area with the heat receiving unit, those. a heat transfer surface area with the hot side.

The closest to the technical nature and designs to this technical solution is encapsulated thermoelectric battery, comprising a thin-walled vacuum-tight protective cover with germovyvodami, inside which there are thermocouples are connected to the thermopile, separated from the heat transfer surfaces cover insulating heat transmission [2].

However, this known solution does not provide a resource and increase specific energy characteristics TEB by raising efforts unilateral compression thermopile due to insufficient reliability of the cover.

In order to eliminate this drawback, ie to increase the resource and cover specific energy characteristics of the thermopile, the walls of a protective cover, at least on the part of one of the heat transfer surfaces are made of layers. The gap between the multilayer walls of the cover put compensator raznovysotnyh thermoelements, made of ductile heat conductive material based on copper, silver, aluminum, titanium or their alloys, and at least one of the walls of the cover facing the compensator raznovysotnyh, applied antidiffusion barrier made of titanium nitride, nickel, chromium, and the gap between the multilayer walls of the cover is made vacuum-tight, the inner surface of the protective cover from the hot side is provided with an anticorrosive coating made of titanium, aluminum, rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten, or alloys thereof, wherein the inwardly cover thermocouples introduced latch position with respect to its side walls adapted to form staples of heat-resistant dielectric material such as mica, boron nitride.

thermoelectric battery

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by a drawing, where 1 - a wall of a protective cover from the cold heat exchange surface thermocouple thermopile, 2 - electrical heat transmission, 3 - thermocouples of the thermopile 4 - lock position thermocouples (bracket), 5 - welded joints cover the walls, 6 - double welding cover 7 - multilayer cover (the drawing shows two layers) from a hot heat exchange surface thermopile 8 - compensator raznovysotnyh thermoelements 9 - outer electrically insulating heat transmission thermopile 10 - antidiffusion coating on one surface of a protective cover, 11 - anticorrosion coating the inner surface wall cover, facing the thermocouples termobatatrei, Tx - cold thermocouple, measuring the temperature of the heat sink, ie, thermopile cold side of the heat exchange, the T g - hot thermocouple, measuring the temperature of the heat, that is, hot heat exchange side thermopile, F - the force of a unilateral compression thermopile (arrow indicates its direction).

Thermoelectric battery proposed design consists of a thermoelement placed inside a sealed cover (position 1 and 6) and electrically isolated from the cold and hot heat transfer surfaces using dielectric cover heat transmission (item 2) made for example of natural mica. Mica provides the required level of electrical insulation while heating to 600 ° C, at higher temperatures the heat sink, hot measured thermocouple (T g), used ceramic based on aluminum oxide. To arrange an optimal heat thermopile heat exchanger and the heat sink, it is urged to the latter with a force of tens kg / cm 2. For example, for medium thermopiles fabricated from semiconductor materials based on germanium and lead telluride, TEB unilateral compression force (i.e., pressing of the heat exchanger and the radiator) is 20-60 kg / cm 2 depending on the operating temperature. Working (operating) characteristics of thermoelectric batteries differ from the settlement to a large extent, and due to this difference to several reasons. One of which is a significant thermal resistance between the thermal heat receiving portion circuit and thermocouple thermopile. This is due to a different height and flat-paralllelnostyu thermocouples. But even if they provide their height and plane-parallel with perfect accuracy, and then there are the thermal losses in this area of ​​heat transfer due to thermal deformation (bending) of thermal elements under the influence of a temperature gradient, which responds to the fuser. When this is not the same Poggi thermoelements growth occurs and the internal resistance of the thermocouple, in which the tear force are not directed towards them compensated pressing force, which leads to degradation of the energy characteristics of TEB in operation. Therefore, in order to increase the reliability while increasing TEB their specific energy characteristics in the gap between the double-walled cover (position 7) introduced compensator raznovysotnyh thermocouples (position 8) made of plastic material with good thermal conductivity, such as copper, silver, aluminum, titanium and for lower temperatures - of lead, tin or alloys thereof. Experimental verification of the proposed technical solutions presented in the table, which shows that a double cover in combination with a compensator allows to obtain an improved (10-12%) TEB energy characteristics in comparison with analogue. During the endurance test the proposed design TEB found that managed to increase its reliability. For example, during the most severe cyclic tests revealed that the resistance to thermal cycles TEB proposed design has increased several times and is 2,000 thermal cycles while maintaining the power performance and fuel mix sealing cover.

An additional factor that reduces the reliability (lifetime) TEB is the interaction of the cover material with sublimation products semiconductor materials making up the thermocouples, for example tellurium. Studies have shown that actively interacts with the tellurium material a protective cover made of stainless steel, such as grade X18H9T or nickel. To overcome this drawback, the cover surface facing the thermocouples is provided with an anticorrosive coating made for example of titanium and coated by means of plasma torch 0,020-0,030 mm. Depending on the technology and production conditions anticorrosive coating operation can be carried out and other equivalent materials such as aluminum, rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium based alloys with molybdenum and rhenium with tungsten.

To prevent the decrease of reliability (lifetime) of the thermopile due to horizontal displacement relative to the electrically insulating heat transmission thermoelements (2) introduced into the cover lock (4) position thermocouples, which prevents their displacement towards the lateral walls of the cover (1, 7). Such displacement results in service to the breakdown of the insulator (2) and the output of the thermopile system.

The retainer (4) is designed as a bracket, made of heat-resistant dielectric material such as mica, boron nitride having low gas and moisture absorption, which allows to place the lock in airless space inside the case where the semiconductor thermocouples are at the same time, these materials do not sublimation products interact with the semiconductor, and as shown by the tests, retain mechanical properties during long-term operation.

In the case of the compensator (8) of the easily oxidizable material in the air, for example, copper, titanium, a gap between the cover wall is multilayer vacuum-tight. For this purpose, the outer cover is urged through the compensator to the inner cover, such as a clamp and contact area both of the arm portion cover hermetically welded to each other around the perimeter, for example by means of electric welding seam (6). Then, during the process of surgery to remove the semiconductor thermoelements plasticizer and pumping air from the inside of the cover of oxygen occurs at a temperature compensator 450-650ºS deformation (8) under the influence of force and temperature unilateral compression with simultaneous diffusion welding of its walls with a multilayer cover (7) through antidiffusion barrier (10). Temperature diffusion bonding is usually exceeds the operating temperature of the thermopile at 100-150ºS and lasts 10-15 minutes. When this occurs simultaneously diffusion bonding the compensator (8) with a multilayer outer cover layer (7). Use of anti-diffusion barrier is necessary, since the diffusion of the material of the compensator is directed in the opposite direction with respect to the thermocouples. Such manufacturing technology and material selection mode compensator minimizes heat loss between the compensator (8) and the walls of the cover by welding and at the same time eliminates the compensator through-diffusion material (8) through a cover wall at the operating temperature.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. White AH Thermoelectric assembly with heath sink (Texas Instruments Inc.) Pat. Number 3269875, kl.136-212, on 02/06/61, publ. 08.30.66.

CLAIM

1. The thermoelectric battery (TEB), comprising a vacuum-tight protective cover with germovyvodami, inside which there are thermocouples, separated from the walls of the cover with the hot and cold sides of the heat transfer surfaces insulating heat transmission, characterized in that the wall of the protective cover, at least, on the part of one of the heat transfer surfaces made multilayered, the gap between the cover walls multilayer compensator raznovysotnyh thermocouples introduced, and at least one surface of the cover facing to said compensator, an anti-diffusion coating is applied, the thermocouples are provided with detent positions relative to the side wall of the cover.

2. The thermoelectric battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensator raznovysotnyh made of thermally conductive plastic material, for example, lead, tin, copper, silver, aluminum, titanium or their alloys.

3. The thermoelectric battery according to claim 1, characterized in that supported on one of the walls of the protective cover is made of an anti-diffusion coating of titanium nitride.

4. The thermoelectric battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the walls with the cover placed therein compensator made airtight.

5. The thermoelectric battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the protective cover is provided with a hot-side corrosion-resistant coating, made of titanium, aluminum, rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys.

6. The thermoelectric battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the position of thermocouple retainer designed as a bracket from a dielectric material such as mica.

print version
Publication date 13.02.2007gg