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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2280920
THERMOELECTRIC BATTERY
The name of the inventor: Ismailov Tagir Abdurashidovich (RU); Verdiev Mikail Gadzhimagomedovich (RU); Evdulov Oleg Viktorovich
The name of the patent holder: DAGESTAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (DSTU)
Address for correspondence: 367015, Makhachkala, Imam Shamil Ave., 70, DSTU, Department of Intellectual Property
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.06.18
The invention relates to the construction of thermoelectric batteries. The technical result: increase in temperature difference between cold and hot heat carriers. Essence: a thermoelectric battery consists of semiconductor thermoelements, each of which is formed by two branches made of a p- and n-type semiconductor, connected in series into the electrical circuit by means of switching plates. The electrical connection of the branches is carried out by means of a contact of the p-type branch-the switching plate-an n-type branch where the p-type branch contacts the end surface with one of the surfaces of the switching plate, and the n-type branch on the other. Each branch contacts opposite end surfaces with two commutation plates. The switch plates have through holes. The holes in the even and odd commutation plates are made in mutually perpendicular planes. The holes of all odd commutation plates by means of electrically insulating pipelines are serially connected to one channel, through which a coolant flows during the functioning of the thermoelectric battery. The openings of all even switching plates are connected in the same way in the same way to the second channel, the thermoelectric battery and the pipelines are insulated from the environment by thermal insulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to thermoelectric instrumentation, in particular, to thermoelectric battery (TEB) designs.
The TEB described in [1] is known. The TEB consists of semiconductor thermoelements sequentially connected to an electrical circuit, each of which is formed by two branches (columns made either cylindrical or in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped) made of a semiconductor of p and n type, respectively. The branches of the thermoelements are interconnected by means of switching plates, and the commutation of both branches (p- and n-type) to the commutation plate is made to the same flat surface along the edges of the latter. In this case, the thermoelement has a "U" shape, where the vertical elements are p- and n-branches, and the horizontal elements are the switching plates. The thermoelements that form the TEB electrically connected in series by the switching plates are enclosed between two high-conductivity electrical insulating plates - heat transitions (usually ceramic ones).
The disadvantages of the known design are: the presence of mechanical stresses caused by the bimetallic effect, significant contact electrical and thermal resistances (switching plates and heat transitions), heat inflows from the hot commutation plates to cold interthermoelectric intervals, which reduce the efficiency of the TEB, and the difficulty of efficient heat removal from junctions Thermocouples.
The closest to the claimed is the TEB described in [2] consisting of semiconductor thermoelements sequentially connected to the electric circuit by means of switching plates, each of which is formed by two branches made of a p- and n-type semiconductor, the electrical connection of the branches is carried out by means of a contact A p-type branch is a commutation plate-an n-type branch where the p-type branch contacts the end surface with one of the surfaces of the commutation plate, and the n-type branch on the other, each branch contacting opposite end surfaces with two commutation plates.
The well-known TEB does not allow achieving a significant temperature drop when using coolants.
The task, the solution of which is directed to the invention, is the creation of a thermoelectric battery, which has no such drawbacks. The technical result achieved by using the invention is the growth of the temperature difference between the hot and cold heat carriers.
The foregoing task is achieved by the fact that in a thermoelectric battery consisting of semiconductor thermoelements sequentially connected to the electrical circuit by means of switching plates, each of which is formed by two branches made of a p- and n-type semiconductor, the electrical connection of the branches is carried out by means of a contact, the p- Type - the switching plate is an n-type branch where the p-type branch contacts the end surface with one of the surfaces of the switching plate, and the n-type branch on the other, each branch contacting opposite end surfaces with two commutation plates, Holes in even and odd commutation plates are made in mutually perpendicular planes, with the holes of all odd commutation plates by means of electrical insulation pipelines being serially connected to one channel through which the heat carrier flows during operation of the thermoelectric battery and the holes of all even switching plates are connected in series In the same way to the second channel, while the thermoelectric battery and the pipelines are insulated from the environment by thermal insulation.
The invention is explained in the drawing, which shows a thermoelectric battery.
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The TEB consists of alternating branches, respectively made of p-type 3 and n-type 4 semiconductor, connected in series to the electric circuit by means of switching plates 1 and 2. The electrical connection of branches is carried out by means of a contact, the p-type branch 3 - the switching plate 1 or 2 - N-type 4, where the p-type 3 branch contacts the end surface with one of the surfaces of the switching plate, and the n-type branch 4 on the other. Each branch in the TEB is contacted by opposite end surfaces with two commutation plates 1 and 2. The switching plates 1 and 2 have through holes 5 and 6, respectively, made in mutually perpendicular planes. The holes 5 of all switching plates 1 are connected by means of electrically insulating pipelines in series 7 into a single channel, through which a heat carrier flows during the operation of the TEB. Similarly, the holes 6 of all the switch plates 2 are united in a single channel through the electrical insulating pipelines 8. |
On the end face of the branches located respectively at the beginning and end of the TEB, there are contact areas 9 through which the electricity is supplied to the TEB when the latter is operating in the thermoelectric refrigerator mode and the electric energy is removed when it operates in the thermoelectric generator mode. TEB and pipelines 7 and 8 are insulated from the environment due to thermal insulation 10.
TEB in the mode of a thermoelectric refrigerator functions as follows
When a DC electric current supplied from an electric power source (not shown in FIG. 1) is transmitted through the contact areas 9 between the commutation plates 1 and 2, which are the contacts of the p- and n-type legs 3 and 4, a temperature difference occurs , Caused by the release and absorption of Peltier heat. With the polarity of the electric current shown in FIG. 1, the switching plates 2 are heated and the switching plates 1 are cooled. Accordingly, the heating medium flowing through the channel formed by the through-holes 6 in the switch plates 2 and the electrical insulation pipelines 8 is heated and the cooling of the coolant flowing through the channel , Formed through holes 5 in the switching plates 1 and electrical insulating piping 7.
The cooled heat carrier is used to remove heat from the cooling object, and the heated one - somehow exchanges heat with the environment.
TEB in the mode of a thermoelectric generator functions as follows
When flowing, for example, through a channel formed by openings 6 in switching plates 2 and electrical insulating conduits 8 of the coolant with an elevated temperature and through a channel formed by holes in the 5 switching plates 1 and electrical insulating conduits 7 of the coolant with a lower temperature, between the switching plates 1 and 2, Some temperature difference. In the presence of such a temperature difference between the commutation plates 1 and 2, which make contact of the p- and n-type branches 3 and 4 between the contact areas 9, a potential difference - the thermo-emf, due to the Seebeck effect - appears. When the contact pads 9 are closed to a certain electrical load, a constant electric current appears in the resulting circuit. The magnitude of the current flowing in the circuit depends on the value of the thermo-emf, which in turn depends on the thermal-emf coefficient. Thermoelectric material, the number of thermoelements in the TEB, the temperature difference between the switching plates 1 and 2, and the electric load.
The claimed TEB has the following advantages in comparison with the existing analog:
1. Elimination of mechanical stress caused by bimetallic effect and, consequently, increasing the reliability of TEB.
2. In the claimed design, heat flows from hot contacts to cold contacts of neighboring branches of the TEB are significantly reduced.
3. Switching plates due to the specificity of the TEB contacts execution have a much smaller thickness in the direction of the electric current than in the analogue, which results in a significant decrease in their electrical and thermal resistances and heat capacities, which makes it possible to achieve lower temperatures, and also reduces the exit time constant by Operating mode of TEB; In addition, contact electrical resistances decrease.
4. Branches of different length can be used in the claimed design, which makes it possible to more accurately reconcile parameters such as optimal current and temperature difference for each pair of p- and n-type branches, which results in an increase in the energy efficiency of the TEB.
5. Improved heat transfer conditions between the switching plates, the cooling object and the environment.
USED BOOKS
1. Kolenko E.A. Thermoelectric cooling devices. L .: Science, 1967.
2. BS Pozdnyakov, E.A. Koptelov. Thermoelectric power engineering, M., Atomizdat, 1974, p.88, pic.5.13
CLAIM
A thermoelectric battery consisting of semiconductor thermoelements sequentially connected to the electrical circuit by means of switching plates, each of which is formed by two branches made of a p- and n-type semiconductor, the electrical connection of the branches is carried out by means of a contact, a p-type branch-a switching plate-a branch of n Type where the p-type branch contacts the end face with one of the surfaces of the switching plate and the n-type branch on the other, each branch contacting opposite end surfaces with two commutation plates, characterized in that the switching plates have through holes, The openings in the even and odd switching plates are made in mutually perpendicular planes, the openings of all odd commutation plates by means of electrical insulation pipelines are sequentially connected to one channel through which the heat carrier flows during operation of the thermoelectric battery and the openings of all even switching plates are successively connected in the same way In the second channel, while the thermoelectric battery and the pipelines are insulated from the environment by thermal insulation.
print version
Date of publication 24.03.2007gg
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