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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2068598
METHOD OF ROUTINE REACTOR TESTS OF THERMO-EMISSION ELECTRO-GENERATING ASSEMBLIES
The name of the inventor: Sinyavsky VV
The name of the patent holder: SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.02.04
Purpose: experimental, including reactor, studies of thermionic converters and thermionic electrogenerating assemblies. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: for early detection of the non-crockery of the device separating the cesium system of the test device from the vacuum system, after each opening-closing cycle of the sealing device, a neutral gas is supplied from the vacuum system side and, when fixing the short-term increase in the temperature of the outer cover of the thermoemission assembly, leakage of the sealing device . As a neutral gas, helium, nitrogen or mixtures of these gases with others can be chosen. The gas is fed at a pressure of 130 to 1000 GPa.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of thermoemission energy conversion and can be used in laboratory studies of TICs and bench and reactor tests of thermionic assemblies (electrogenerating channels - EGC).
Sufficiently close to the invention in terms of technical essence are the methods of loop reactor tests, described in the book Sinyavsky VV. Methods for determining the characteristics of thermionic fuel elements, M. Energoatomizdat, 1990, p. 6-9. They include the loading of the test device (loop channel) from the EGC to the cell of the nuclear reactor, the vacuum degassing of the EGC when the reactor thermal power is raised, the supply of cesium vapor to the interelectrode gaps of the EGC, resource tests with an analysis of the energy characteristics of the EGC.
The closest to the invention in terms of technical essence is the test method considered in the book Sinyavsky VV Berzhaty VI And others. Designing and testing of thermionic fuel elements, M. Atomizdat, 1981, p. 27-28. It includes hermetic separation of the cavity of the EGC with a cesium thermostat from the vacuum system by means of a valve, heating the thermostat to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the cesium is equal to the working pressure, measuring the temperatures of the EHC cover, periodically vacuuming the interelectrode gaps of the EGC by opening and closing the valve and analyzing the energy characteristics of the EGC.
However, with this method of testing the EGC, the cesium system can be rejected and, consequently, the test can be stopped, if the valve leaks and cesium is gradually released into the vacuum system.
If, in the course of testing, it is known that the valve is leaking, then there are ways to test with a non-hermetic valve, for example, testing under reduced cesium vapor pressure, when its leak rate is relatively small.
The technical result achieved by using the invention is the early detection of leakage of the valve (or any other locking device separating the cavity of the EGC from a source of cesium vapor from an external vacuum system), allowing the test regime to be operatively changed so that the tests are continued in the absence or permissible flow of cesium .
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This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of loop reactor testing of thermionic power generating assemblies, including the hermetic separation of the cavity of the thermionic assembly and the source of cesium vapor from the vacuum system by means of a valve or other sealing device, measuring the temperature of the thermoemission assembly covers, periodically vacuuming the interelectrode gaps of the thermo- Opening and closing of the valve or other sealing device and analysis of the energy characteristics of the thermionic assembly, after each valve opening or closing cycle or other sealing device, they are checked for their tightness by supplying neutral gas from the vacuum system and recording the leaks at a brief increase in the temperature of the cover after the gas supply. In Fig. 1 shows the circuit of the loop channel, explaining the essence of the proposed method. The loop channel 1 comprises a heat release system 2, a cesium vapor source 3, a heated valve 4, heated cesium vapor supply paths 5 in the EGC 6. The EGC 6 consists of electrogenerating elements comprising a fuel-emitting unit 7, a manifold 8, an interelectrode gap 9 and a jumper 10 and the common for all elements of the collector insulation 11 and the cover 12 on which the thermocouples 13 are mounted. |
The test method is implemented as follows
After loading the loop channel 1 into the cell of the nuclear reactor 14, a vacuum degassing of the EGC 6 is performed by connecting the PC 1 through the open valve 4 to the external vacuum system 15 and heating the EGC 6 while raising the thermal power of the reactor 14. After completion of the degassing, the valve 4 is closed and the vapor source temperature is increased Cesium 3 to a value at which the vapor pressure of cesium is equal to the working pressure. If a cesium vapor from source 3 enters through path 5 into the interelectrode gap 9 of EGC 6, the latter generates electric power, which is measured on an electrical load.
When fission of uranium nuclei in fuel of fuel-emitting unit 7 simultaneously with heat release fission fragments are formed, including gaseous ones, which enter gas-discharge device 17 into interelectrode gaps. 9. Accumulation of gaseous fission products (GPD) in IES 9 degrades the energy characteristics of EGC 6. To remove the GPA from the MEZ 9, the valve 4 is periodically opened to connect the cavity of the MEZ 9 to the evacuation system 15. To reduce cesium losses, it is possible to reduce the operating pressure of the cesium vapor. After "ventilation" the valve is closed. However, the process of opening and closing the valve may be accompanied by a loss of its tightness. Therefore, after each valve opening-closing cycle, a neutral gas with the greatest thermal conductivity is supplied from the side of the vacuum system, i. E. Helium, nitrogen or a mixture of helium with nitrogen or another gas. If the valve remains sealed, no changes in the characteristics of the EGC will be recorded. If there is leakage of the valve, the heat-conducting neutral gas enters the MEZ 6, the thermal conductivity of the interelectrode medium increases, which in turn will lead to a short-term increase in heat flow through the MEZ 6. This will accordingly cause an increase in the temperature of the cover 12. Increased heat flow through the MEZ 6 and An increase in the temperature of the cover 12 will be observed until a new steady state of the fuel-emitting unit 7 with a new lower temperature of the emitter. 2 shows the qualitative change in time of the emitter temperature T E and the cover T C after the supply of neutral gas with a non-hermetic valve.
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After the leakage is detected, the gas supply is stopped, the IES is evacuated and the tests are continued, changing their regime in such a way as to prevent complete cessation of the cesium in the vacuum system for the required time of resource tests. The efficiency of the proposed method was tested experimentally in the loop tests of a multi-element EGC, when a valve closing device failed during the test. Helium was used as a neutral gas. The highest level of the recorded signal (increase in the temperature of the cover), when the helium pressure was not lower than 100 GPa, i.e. When the heat conductivity of the gas ceased to depend on the pressure. Above the atmospheric (about 1000 GPa), raising the gas pressure is impractical for strength reasons. |
Early detection of leakage of the valve allows you to change the test mode and continue the life test of the EGC without fear of complete cessation of the cesium in the vacuum system.
CLAIM
1. A method for loop reactor testing of thermionic power generating assemblies, including the hermetic separation of the cavity of the thermoemission assembly and the source of cesium vapor from the vacuum system by means of a valve or other sealing device, measuring the temperature of the outer cover of the thermoemission assembly, periodically vacuuming the interelectrode gaps of the thermoemission assembly by opening or closing the valve or Another sealing device and an analysis of the energy characteristics of the test thermoemission assembly, characterized in that after each valve opening or closing cycle or other sealing device, a neutral gas is supplied from the vacuum system side and, after fixing, after the gas supply has begun to briefly increase the temperature of the outer cover of the thermoemission assembly, Or other sealing device.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that helium, nitrogen or a mixture of these gases with other gases is chosen as the neutral gas.
3. The method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the supply of the neutral gas is carried out at a pressure of 130-1000 GPa.
print version
Date of publication 05.04.2007gg
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