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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2251177
Nickel-hydrogen battery with long cycle life
Name of the inventor: Lihonosov SD (RU); Pavlenko EA (RU); Shchekoldin SI (RU)
The name of the patentee: Open Joint Stock Company "Saturn" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 350072, Krasnodar, ul. Sun, 6, "Saturn"
Starting date of the patent: 2003.08.19
The invention relates to electrical industry and can be used in the design of sealed nickel-hydrogen batteries (NCA) with a long cycle life. The technical result is to reduce the mechanical stress transmitted to the hydrogen electrode, and as a result, higher reliability with longer cyclic NCA resource. According to the invention, nickel-hydrogen battery with a long cycle life consists of placed in a housing unit electrochemical groups connected current feeder and separated by a gas separator, gas separator is designed as a double-row crossing strands offset rows relative to each other and the ratio of filament diameter to the distance between two selected respectively from the range 0.4-1. Here, as the material gas separator polypropylene filaments is used, and the diameter of the filaments is not less than 0.9 mm.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electrical industry and can be used in the design of sealed nickel-hydrogen batteries (NCA) with a long cycle life.
It is known that during the repeated charge and discharge cycles the volume change observed NCA nickel oxide electrode (DEW), their broadening increases with increasing number of cycles. Since the electrode assembly is rigidly fixed, the resulting voltage is transmitted through a gas separator to the hydrogen electrode. The latter has a porous structure, its thickness is about (100-150) microns. Increasing the mechanical stresses can cause it to burst, a breakthrough that leads to shortened service ASN. To avoid this, use different designs.
Thus, known HBA (n US №4477540, MKI H 01 M 4/00;. Published 16.10.84.), Consisting of a body placed in an electrochemical groups, separated by a gas separator.
The disadvantage of this HBA is that to compensate for the DEW broadening battery introduced additional elements: a spring located outside the block, representing a set of electrochemical groups, and a rod carrying block screed. In this regard, as current collectors used long and flexible elements which increase the weight and volume of the collector assembly. Thus, the introduction of additional elements to the ASN broadening DEW compensation increases the weight, volume and complexity to the design of the ASN.
This deficiency is partially remedied in another NCA, taken as a prototype (n. USSR №1649985 from 04.04.89) and consisting of a body placed in a sealed electrochemical block groups, separated by the gas separator. The gas separator is designed as a three-row crossing strands offset upper and lower rows relative to each other.
In this technical solution, in addition to providing hydrogen for admission to the hydrogen electrode surface of the gas separator plays a role and the compensator DEW broadening due to the fact that the average yarn stretches and bends as far as forcing broaden DEW. Thus, the use of such a constructive solution allows to simplify the structure by compensating NCA DEW broadening without introducing additional elements in the battery. However, in this technical solution does not specify the relationship between the filament diameter and the distance between them, essentially influencing the transferred gas separator pressure on the hydrogen electrode.
The technical result of the proposed design is to reduce the mechanical stress transmitted to the hydrogen electrode, and as a consequence, increasing the reliability of long-cyclic NCA resource.
The technical result is achieved by the construction of a nickel-hydrogen battery with long cycle life includes a body placed in the electrochemical unit groups connected in the current feeder and separated by a gas separator. The gas separator is designed as a double-row crossing strands offset rows relative to each other and the ratio of filament diameter and spacing selected, respectively, from the range 0.4-1. Here, as the material gas separator polypropylene filaments is used, and the diameter of the filaments is not less than 0.9 mm.
When the ratio of the diameter of the threads and the distance between them is less than 0.4 is a sharp increase in pressure transmitted to the hydrogen electrode. At a ratio of greater than 0.4, this dependence is close to linear. When the ratio is greater than one, the porosity of the separator becomes less porosity of the hydrogen electrode, which may affect the work of the latter.
Weight is an important parameter of each component of the NCA, and its low value is a measure of the degree of design excellence. Therefore, obviously, the quantity ratio of filament diameter and spacing equal to 0.4-0.6 is optimal.
The table shows the characteristics of alkali-resistant materials selected on the basis of functional requirements to the separator. From the analysis of the data presented, that polypropylene is most suitable as a material of the gas separator, it is lighter, and has a lower hardness, as a result, deforms less hydrogen electrode under mechanical loads, resulting in a block. The features of the invention causing matching criterion "novelty" as follows: as a separator material used polypropylene yarns, with the diameter of the filaments of the separator is not less than 0.9 mm and the ratio diameter of the filaments and the distance between them is chosen equal to 0.4-1 .
To prove the significant differences of the proposed solutions analyzed the totality of its signs and, separately, - the hallmark. It is found that such a feature as polypropylene gas separator having a filament diameter of 0.9 mm and a diameter of the filaments and the distance between them in the range of 0.4-1, is detected, and hence in the literature, is novel and, together with the known features in this solution, it allows you to get a new result: compensation broadening nickel oxide electrode with cycling nickel-hydrogen battery without causing substantial load on the hydrogen electrode.
Thus, the proposed nickel-hydrogen battery, according to the authors, meets the criterion of "inventive step".
Polypropylene proposed gas separator, designed as a double-row crossing yarns with rows offset to one another and having a filament diameter of at least 0.9 mm and a diameter of the filaments and the distance between them in the range of 0.4-1, in addition to providing access to hydrogen hydrogen surfaces electrode provides minimal pressure on the latter, i.e. used in nickel-hydrogen battery separator itself can prolong life by reducing the pressure on the most vulnerable element of the block.
Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed battery
Figure 2 shows schematically a gas cell separator
Figure 3 shows the calculated characteristics of the gas separator
4 shows the pressure dependence of the size of filaments
Figure 5 shows the deformation of the hydrogen electrode at different pressures and gas separator hardness
The table shows the physical and mechanical properties of alkali-resistant materials suitable for manufacturing the gas separator
Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed nickel-hydrogen battery. The body block 1 is placed electrochemical battery groups. Each group includes two middle nickel oxide electrode 2 having on either side elektrolitonositel 3, in the form of a porous matrix of asbestos, and further, the hydrogen electrode 4 to a separator 5 for gas access (outlet) gas. Nickel oxide-hydrogen electrodes 2 and the electrodes 4 are connected to respective current conductors 6 simultaneously with the last current collecting function and carry the mechanical load on the squeeze electrode unit 7 via the coupling discs.
An example of a specific implementation of NCA
Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the proposed group of electrochemical nickel-hydrogen battery. The body block 1 is placed electrochemical battery groups. Each group includes two middle nickel oxide electrode 2 having on either side elektrolitonositel 3, in the form of a porous matrix of asbestos, and further, the hydrogen electrode 4 to a separator 5 for gas access (outlet) gas. Nickel oxide-hydrogen electrodes 2 and the electrodes 4 are connected to respective current conductors 6 simultaneously with the last current collecting function and carry the mechanical load on the squeeze electrode unit 7 via the coupling discs.
Gas separator 5 has a diameter of 1 mm filament yarn diameter ratio of the distance between them equal to 0.4. Gas separator 5 is made of polypropylene by hot pressing.
Let a - thickness of the yarn, b - cell size (windows), H = 2h - overall thickness of the separator (2). If the gas separator area - S, and the force developed in the block, - F, the total pressure
Charts calculation results are presented in Figure 3. From the presented data it follows that, from the standpoint of mechanical pressure and porosity and mass and gas separator, the optimum ratio of the thread diameter and spacing in the range of 0.4-1.
4 is a true dependence on the pressure in the hydrogen electrode intersections DIP separator filaments on their diameter (a parameter) which is defined by the formula
Ist P = F / a 2 · N,
where F - force developed in the unit;
N - number of cells in the separator.
Obviously, the choice of diameter greater technological problem of manufacturing the gas separator, but from the viewpoint of reducing the pressure on the electrode it must be at least 0.9 mm.
Figure 5. shows the deformation of the hydrogen electrode at different pressures and hardness of the gas separator. From the presented data that the polypropylene gas separator deforms less than the hydrogen electrode.
CLAIM
Nickel-hydrogen battery with a high cyclic resource consisting of placed into the casing of electrochemical groups connected current feeder and separated from each other by gas separators are constructed as intersecting DIP filaments offset rows relative to each other, characterized in that the material strands gas polypropylene separator used with the diameter of the filaments is not less than 0.9 mm, and the ratio of the diameter of the filaments and the distance between them is in the range (0,4 ÷ 1).
print version
Publication date 23.12.2006gg
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