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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2075645
A METHOD FOR OBTAINING ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN MECHANICAL ENERGY OF ROTATION AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION BY BF KOCHETKOV
The name of the inventor: Kochetkov Boris Fedorovich
The name of the patent holder: Kochetkov Boris Fedorovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.05.19
Use: to obtain mechanical energy of rotation due to the integrated use of the difference in temperature of sea water at different levels and gravitational interaction without spending fuel-energy resources. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Heat-sensitive elements (TEs) connected to a load 4 made in the form of a massive rim are installed uniformly along the circumference of a partially submerged rotor 2, with the possibility of radial movement when the ambient temperature changes, which is provided by the creation in the upper and lower parts of the rotor Respectively, of the heating and cooling zones, the first of which is ambient air, and the second is a container 6 in the form of a tray that communicates with the upper part of the pipeline 5 lifting, as in a communicating vessel, cold water from its deep layers. The rotor is provided with blades 7 for mixing water along the tray 6 from the top of the pipeline. Rotation of the rotor is due to the moment of gravity forces F created by the grooms at different distances P 2 and P 1 of the side parts of the rim from the axis 0, depending on the heating and cooling of the fuel cell.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to environmentally friendly methods for obtaining mechanical energy of rotation without spending any fuel and energy resources and to implementing this method. The invention can be applied as a stationary source of mechanical energy of rotation with the possibility of converting it into electrical energy.
A method for using gravity to create a rotary motion is known in which a controlled lowering of the load associated with the impeller by means of a flexible coupling is performed. This method is carried out, in particular, in a mechanical watch with a girder drive (see "Brief Polytechnical Dictionary", State Publishing House of Technical and Theoretical Literature, Moscow, 1955, pp. 1052-1053).
A method is known for converting gravitational and thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation, which consists in changing the center of gravity of heat-sensitive elements uniformly installed along the circumference of the rotor immersed in the liquid, with consequent alternating movement through the heating and cooling zones. Solid loads kinematically connected to the drive are used as cargoes (see US Patent No. 2,513,692, cl. F 03 G 7/06, 1950).
The device for carrying out said method of converting gravitational and thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation comprises a base on which a rotor is mounted in the form of a wheel, on the rim of which heat-sensitive elements associated with the loads, heating and cooling zones are arranged uniformly along the rim. In this case the heat-sensitive elements are made in the form of a drive connected with the goods with the possibility of moving them in the radial direction and installed in the chambers.
The proposed invention ensures the achievement of the technical result, which consists in obtaining environmentally clean mechanical energy of rotation with the possibility of converting it into electrical energy while reducing the labor input and the cost of obtaining it.
The specified technical result on the method for obtaining environmentally clean mechanical energy of rotation is achieved by the fact that for mechanical movements thermal expansion of bodies made in the form of heat-sensitive drives is used, which are installed evenly along the circumference of the rotor and each of them is connected to a load that is moved in radial directions with change The rotor is mounted with the possibility of free rotation relative to the horizontal axis and its vertically opposite sides are placed in two adjacent heating and cooling zones, one of which is filled with gas and the other with water and with the rotation of the rotor, alternating passage of wires through these heating zones and Cooling, and the rotation itself is carried out by the action of gravitational forces with a constant eccentric horizontal position of the center of gravity of the rotor relative to the axis of rotation, while the surrounding rotor uses warm air and the cooling zone is filled with running sea water using a conduit that is used As a communicating vessel for lifting seawater from its deep layers to the surface due to hydrostatic pressure from the surrounding water.
The device for carrying out said method of producing environmentally clean mechanical rotation energy comprises adjacent heating and cooling zones, one of which is filled with gas and the other with water, mounted on supports with a possibility of free rotation relative to the horizontal axis, a partially submerged rotor, on which, uniformly along the circumference with By placing both in the heating zone and in the cooling zone, heat-sensitive actuators are installed that are capable of changing their size and / or shape as the temperature changes during the passage of the heating and cooling zones and thereby transfer the associated weight in the radial directions, the heating zone being The gas medium surrounding the upper part of the rotor, and the cooling zone is made in the form of a flow tank, one side of which is open towards the surrounding upper layer of seawater, and the other side communicates with the upper part of the pipeline, which is made in the form of a communicating vessel, the lower open part of which is located In the deep layer of low-temperature sea water, ensuring the movement of water from the bottom upwards due to hydrostatic pressure from the surrounding water.
The rotor is provided with radial blades, and the container is made in the form of a wall fenced off from the surrounding water of the tray, in which the lower part of the rotor is located, with the blades being movable along the water tray from the top of the pipeline towards the open part of the container when the rotor rotates.
Heat-sensitive actuators are made in the form of radially-mounted thermobimetallic springs whose ends are pivotally connected to the rotor hub and to a load that is made as a massive rim of the rotor, while the active and passive layers of all terbiometallic springs are directed respectively towards or the axis of the rotor or its rim.
Heat-sensitive actuators have a heat-insulating coating and / or are made of a material with low heat sensitivity, which slows the changes in the temperature of their heating during the passage of heating and cooling zones.
The mechanical energy of rotation obtained by this method can be converted into electrical energy by means of known electric generators.
In Fig. 1 and 2, a general scheme for the implementation of a method for producing environmentally clean mechanical rotational energy in two projections, respectively, and in the sections depicted in these diagrams, is shown in FIG. 3, a heat-sensing actuator in the form of a thermobimetallic spring is shown in FIG. 4, an example of the temperature change of heat-sensitive devices When the device is operating.
The method for obtaining environmentally clean mechanical energy of rotation (Figures 1 and 2) consists in using thermal expansion of bodies made in the form of heat-sensitive actuators 1 capable of changing the linear dimensions and / or shape at different heating temperatures which are set uniformly along the circumference of the rotor 2 and each of them is connected with the hinges 3 to the load 4, in this case made in the form of a massive rim, which is moved radially with respect to the horizontal axis 0 of the rotor as the heating temperature changes. The rotor is freely rotatable and its top and bottom parts are respectively placed in adjacent heating and cooling zones, the first of which is filled with a gas of temperature T 2 and the second one is filled with a relatively low temperature T 1 and provides for the alternating passage of heat-sensitive actuators 1 through these zones . Due to this, the dimensions and / or shape of the heat-sensitive elements are changed during heating and cooling and the load 4 is moved in radial directions with respect to the rotor axis 0 along the horizontal.
In the heating zone, the surrounding rotor is supplied with warm air, and the cooling zone is filled with flowing low-temperature sea water, which is supplied from its deep layers by means of a conduit 5 made as a communicating vessel through which the water rises due to the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding water without energy from the side , While water is forcibly removed from the upper part of the pipeline. This drainage of water in this case is produced in a horizontal direction with minimal energy expenditure. The unilateral movement of the massive rim in the horizontal direction leads the rotor to a constant unbalanced position relative to the O axis and to its rotation under the action of the torque generated by forces F.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the massive rim 4 under the action of the heat-sensitive actuators 1 is shifted to the right of the O-axis, in connection with these, a large gravitational force F 2 is acting on the right side of the rim with a larger shoulder R 2 relative to the O-axis as compared to the analogous parameters F 1 and R 1 , referring to the left side of the rim. Accordingly, the larger riveting torque R 2 F 2 will act on the right side of the rim, and the smaller torque R 1 F 1 directed to opposite sides will be applied to the left side of the rim. Under the action of the difference of these moments of forces R 2 F 2 -R 1 F 1, the rotor will rotate in the direction of the action of a larger moment, in this case clockwise.
The change in the temperature of the sensing elements in the fluid and gas environment occurs for a certain time, so when the rotor rotates, the average total heating temperature of these elements on the different side of the vertical B-B passing through the rotor axis O will be different, which leads to a nonequilibrium position of the massive rim Rotor relative to the O-axis and makes it possible to carry out the described method for obtaining mechanical rotational energy. This difference in heating temperatures can be increased by slowing the heat exchange between the heat-sensitive elements and the environment by using heat-insulating coatings of these elements.
The feasibility of this method of obtaining mechanical rotational energy is due to the fact that the average annual temperature of the surface waters of the World Ocean as a whole is 17.5 ° C, and seasonal temperature fluctuations are observed up to a depth of 100-150 m, in lower and near-bottom layers it is constant and amounts to approximately 1 , 5 o C. It follows from this that, in the presence of a temperature difference between the air above the sea water surface and low-temperature sea water from its deep layers, heat exchange between the two systems is possible, and in this case, according to the laws of thermodynamics, work is performed against external forces, Which is expressed in the rotation of the rotor and the obtaining of the mechanical energy of rotation.
This method for obtaining mechanical rotational energy can be implemented in a device, an exemplary embodiment of which is generally shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
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The device for obtaining environmentally clean mechanical energy of rotation contains adjacent heating and cooling zones, the first of which is the ambient air medium, and the second is a tank filled with running sea water, the air temperature T 2 being above the sea water temperature T 1 . In water with a partial immersion in it, on the supports used as walls of the vessel 6, with a possibility of free rotation relative to the horizontal axis O, a rotor 2 is mounted on which is uniformly circumferential with the placement both in the heating zone above the water level and in the zone Cooling in low-temperature seawater, heat-sensitive actuators 1 are installed, capable of changing their size and / or shape as the temperature changes during the passage of the heating and cooling zones, and thus moving in the radial directions the associated load 4 in this particular device in the form of a massive rim . The container 6 is made in the form of a tray separated by side walls and a bottom from the surrounding upper layer of seawater, and one of the sides of the tray (in the left part of FIG. 1) is open towards the surrounding upper layer of water, and the other side (in FIG. 1, the right side Its part) communicates with the upper part of the pipeline 5, which is made with respect to the surrounding water in the form of a communicating vessel, the lower open part of which is located in the deep layer of low-temperature sea water.
The rotor 2 is provided with radial blades 7 which are mounted, for example, on the inner cylindrical surface of the rim 4 and overlap the water-filled aperture of the chute 6, allowing water to flow therefrom from the top of the pipeline 5 toward the open portion of the chute as the rotor rotates.
The heat-sensitive actuators are designed as radially arranged inside the rim 4 of the thermobimetallic springs 1 whose ends are connected to the hub of the rotor 2 by means of the hinges 3 and to the load in the form of a massive rim 4. In this case, the active 8 and passive 9 layers of bimetal of each thermobimetal spring are directed along its axial Line towards the axis O of the rotor or its rim 4.
Thermobimetallic springs of 4 drives have a thermal insulation coating and / or are made of a material with low thermal conductivity, which ensure a slowing of the changes in the temperature of their heating at the origin of heating and cooling zones.
Pipeline 5 has a thermal insulation coating or is made of materials with low thermal conductivity, preventing heat exchange between the upper warmer layers of sea water and rising through the pipeline with low-temperature sea water from its deep layers.
The device for obtaining environmentally clean mechanical energy of rotation works as follows.
Condition of the device is the property of the thermobarametal springs 1 to increase the length to the value R 2 with increasing temperature in the heating zone and reduce the length to R 1 with a decrease in the temperature in the cold water environment in the cooling zone. This is ensured by the implementation of a spring of bimetal (see Figure 3), whose active layer 8 has a higher temperature coefficient of linear expansion than the passive layer 9 (the relative arrangement of these layers along the spring centerline is irrelevant).
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To drive the described device, water is moved in the chute 6 in the direction from the pipeline 5 towards the open part thereof, which is carried out, for example, in the start-up phase of the device by rotation of the rotor by an external drive (in Figure 1 this rotation is clockwise). The rotor provided with blades 7 acts as a reversible water wheel performing the pump function to pump water from the top of the pipeline 5 in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the pipeline open from the bottom has, in relation to the surrounding water, the property of a communicating vessel, through which water moves from below upwards under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding water, which minimizes the energy expenditure on the rise of sea water to the surface from its deep layers.
As indicated above, the deep layers of sea water have a constant temperature of about 2 ° C., and after it has been piped into the tray, it cools the heat-sensitive actuators in its environment, reduces the length of the terbiometallic springs to R 1, and moves the massive rim radially. With the subsequent rotation of the rotor, the springs are moved to the heating zone above the surface of the water, which leads to an elongation of the terbiometallic springs to the value R 2 and the corresponding radial movement of the rim 4. The change in the heating temperature of the springs takes place for a certain time; therefore, when the rotor rotates, the heated (elongated) and cooled (Having a smaller length) of the spring when the rotor rotates leads the rim to an eccentric position along the horizontal BB. This is facilitated by a heat-insulating coating (for example, by a layer of rubber) of thermobimetallic springs, which slows the change in their temperature in the heating and cooling zones.
This process is graphically shown in FIG. 4, where the temperature level is 1 o in the cooling zone (sectors I and II along the rotor rotation) and 3 o in the heating zone (sectors III and IV, respectively). In this case, the thermobiormetal spring assumes within the specified limits the ambient temperature during the travel time in sectors I and III (as shown in Figure 4) or within the heating and cooling zones (i.e., during the time in air or water).
As follows from the indices shown in the scheme of Fig. 4, in the first case, the average heating temperature of the thermal-metallic springs in sector I will be 2 o , sector II-1 o , sector III-2 o and sector IV-3 o . Consequently, the average heating value of the springs to the right of the vertical B-B passing through the rotor axis O will be larger (about 3 ° taking into account the size of the sectors IV and I) than to the left of this vertical (less than 2 o ). Accordingly, the length of the springs 1 to the right of the vertical BB will be greater than to the left of it. In this case, the rim 4 will be shifted to the right of the rotor axis O, and this eccentric position will be constantly maintained automatically when the rotor rotates. As a result, a large part of the rim will be to the right of the vertical B-B, and the center of gravity of this greater part of the rim will be at a greater distance R 2 from the O-axis than the removal R 1 of the center of gravity of the smaller part of the rotor to the left of the vertical BB (in FIG. 1 position of these centers of gravity of individual parts of the rotor is shown conditionally directly on the rim itself).
Correspondingly, a large gravitational force F 2 will act on the right side of the rotor as compared to the gravitational force F 1 interacting on the left side of the rim. Said forces F 2 and F 1, with respective arms R 2 and R 1 relative to the rotor axis O, will act on opposite sides of the rim 4 and the rotor as a whole at moments of forces R 2 F 2 and R 1 F 1 directed in opposite directions. In this case, the rotor will be acted upon by a torque equal to the difference of the indicated moments of forces and directed toward the larger of these moments (in this case clockwise), which will cause the rotor to rotate in the same direction. With the beginning of the rotation of the rotor, in connection with the eccentric position of its rim, the above-mentioned external drive of rotational motion, which served to activate the described device, will be disconnected, which in the future will be an autonomous source of environmentally clean mechanical rotation energy.
In a temperate climate, this device can function in the summer season, in conditions of a warm climate, it is possible to use it year-round. In this case, the presence of a constant temperature difference between the air and the deep water layers ensures the operation of the device practically in the perpetual motion mode, i.e. Allows to receive mechanical energy of rotation constantly without expenses of any fuel and energy resources and other material means.
The described method of obtaining the mechanical energy of rotation can be applied to any heated gases, for example, coming from different types of furnaces, in combination with cooling water from any sources. In this case, the receipt of mechanical energy using the above method and the device that carries it out is possible at any time of the year, including in winter conditions.
When this method of obtaining the mechanical energy of rotation is used, a comparatively small difference in the temperatures of the coolant (air and seawater) is used, which makes it impossible to provide a greater load capacity for the device used. In connection with these, the use of large devices is required to obtain a significant amount of energy. However, under such conditions, this is expedient and economically justified, since, according to the above data, the modern fuel and energy complex absorbs most of the labor resources of developed countries and is the main polluter of the environment.
CLAIM
1. A method for obtaining environmentally clean mechanical rotational energy in which thermal expansion of bodies made in the form of heat-sensitive actuators is used for mechanical displacements, which are installed evenly along the circumference of the rotor and each of them is connected to a load that is moved radially with a change in the heating temperature of the drive , The rotor is mounted so as to freely rotate about the horizontal axis and its opposite sides are placed in two adjacent heating and cooling zones, one of which is filled with gas and the other with water and with rotation of the rotor, an alternating passage of the drives through these heating and cooling zones is provided, and the rotation itself Is realized by the action of gravitational forces with a constant eccentric position of the center of gravity of the rotor relative to the axis of rotation, which is unidirectional in the horizontal direction, characterized in that the warm air surrounding the rotor is used in the heating zone, and the cooling zone is filled with flowing cold sea water, which is fed from its deep layers to Surface by a pipeline from the upper part of which water is forced into the cooling zone and at the same time the water is lifted through the pipeline as a communicating vessel due to hydrostatic pressure from the surrounding water.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water from the upper part of the pipeline is withdrawn in the horizontal direction and the mechanical energy of rotation obtained during the process is used.
3. An apparatus for obtaining environmentally clean mechanical energy of rotation, comprising adjacent heating and cooling zones, one of which is filled with gas and the other with water, mounted on supports with the possibility of free rotation about a horizontal axis, a partially submerged rotor, on which, uniformly along the circumference with By placing both in the heating zone and in the cooling zone, heat-sensitive actuators are installed that are capable of changing their size and / or shape as the temperature changes during the passage of the heating and cooling zones and thereby moving in the radial directions of the associated cargo, characterized in that the heating zone Is the warm air surrounding the upper part of the rotor, and the cooling zone is filled with a flowing cold sea water tank, made in the form of a tray, one side of which is open in the direction of the surrounding upper layer of seawater, and the other side communicates with the upper part of the pipeline, the lower open part of which Is placed in a deep layer of cold seawater, the rotor is provided with radial blades which are arranged to move water along the tray from the top of the pipeline towards the open part of the tray while the rotor rotates and thus providing water lifting through the pipeline as a communicating vessel due to hydrostatic pressure From the surrounding water.
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat-sensitive actuators are in the form of radially installed springs, the ends of which are hingedly connected to the rotor hub and to the load, which is made in the form of a massive rim of the rotor.
5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat-sensitive actuators have a heat-insulating coating and / or are made of a material with low thermal conductivity, providing a deceleration of the temperature change of their heating during the passage of heating and cooling zones.
print version
Date of publication 05.04.2007gg
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