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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2228447
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM HEAT WATER
Name of the inventor: Mazy Vasily
The name of the patentee: Mazy Vasily
Address for correspondence: 107392, Moscow, ul. Znamenskoye, 38, building 2, kv.4, VI Maziyu
Starting date of the patent: 2002.09.19
A device for producing electricity from the heat of the water consists of ammonia compressor, jet turbine ammonium, calcium carbonate turbine pump liquid carbon dioxide, a generator of electrical current and heat exchangers. A method of producing electricity from the heat of the water is to use water at the upstream of the refrigerator as carbon dioxide and vapor preheater saturated ammonia vapor stream at the end. Power generated by the turbine carbonate, ammonia is used to drive the compressor, the high pressure pump liquid carbon dioxide and to generate electricity. The invention enable to recycle water heat at different temperatures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is intended for converting heat into electricity water. The invention can be used in the national economy; wherever electricity is required. Known power plants using as a heat source hot water supply (for example, in Iceland and Kamchatka) to produce electricity; however, the hot water temperature should be more than 40 ° C.
The invention utilizes any warm water at, including its low temperature, for example 3-5ºS, and in this respect the invention is unique and is the pioneer.
The essence of the invention is the use of differences in the equilibrium liquid-vapor transitions carbon dioxide (CO 2) and ammonia saturated vapor properties (NH 3).
For example, the critical parameters of carbon dioxide (CO 2)
that is, the ammonia vapor carbon dioxide more efficiently couple to 2,588 times.
The differences in equilibrium transitions liquid - vapor, the differences in critical parameters, and the differences in the specific parameters of the condensing (reflux) and efficiency of ammonia vapor and carbon dioxide vapors allow to pick up (calculate) a mode of operation of the ammonia compressor (AC) and the mode of operation of carbonic turbine ( UPC) at which 1 kg of ammonia in ammonia compressor circuit due to the heat taken away by water upon boiling of ammonia vapor provides job six or more kilograms of carbon dioxide present in the turbine circuit carbonate. Under these conditions, the power produced by the turbine carbonate (TPC), more power, the need to drive the ammonia compressor, the liquid pump high-pressure carbon dioxide CO 2, this difference is used to generate electricity, the electric current.
The essence of the invention consists in the fact that vapor condensation heat is fully transmitted ammonia to heat (vaporization) of carbon dioxide, carbonic located in the turbine circuit. Condensation of carbon dioxide vapors occurs due to the heating water.
The essence of the invention and consists in the fact that boiling ammonia vapors occurs due to cooling water, that is due to heat water. Since the boiling point of ammonia is negative (-5 ° C).
And, as shown by calculations, the heat is given to the water in the condensation of CO 2 vapor, less heat, taken away from the water at boiling NH 3 ammonia vapor, which is the source of energy for electricity generation electric current generator, that is, we get electricity from heat water.
Elementary thermodynamic calculations were made on the heat content (enthalpy) and the absolute temperature.
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Driving device shown in Figure 1, wherein 1 - ammonia compressor; 2 - ammonia-carbon heat exchanger; 3 - jet turbine ammonia; 4 - receiver (collection) of liquid ammonia; 5 - ammonia water radiator; 6 - high-pressure pump liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2); 7 - carbon heat sink; 8 - carbonic turbine (TPC); 9 - carbon radiator; 10 - Receivers (collection) of liquid carbon dioxide; 11 - electric generator; 12 - pipeline running water.
Figure 2 illustrates the thermodynamic cycle in ammonia compressor coordinates TºK = F (S), the absolute temperature of NH 3 (TºK) in entropy function 
Where the line a-a - start boiling NH 3; b-line to - end line of ammonia boil; point "to" - the point of the critical parameters of ammonia;
line 1'-2'-adiabatic (isentropic curve compression) wet steam ammonia; line 2'-3 'isotherms (isobars) condensing ammonia vapor; Line 3'-4 '- adiobata (isentropic curve) increasing ammonia in ammonium reactive turbine (RAT); line 4'-1 'isotherms (isobars) boiling wet ammonia vapors; S 1 '-entropy start boiling ammonia NH 3 at T = 268 K; S 3 '- end entropy condensing ammonia vapor; S 2 '- entropy dew ammonia vapors; S 1 "- the end of the ammonia boiling point at a temperature T = 268 K.
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Figure 3 illustrates a thermodynamic cycle turbine carbonate (CO 2) in the coordinates ° K T = F (S), carbon dioxide absolute temperature (T ° C) in the entropy function Where the line 1-2 - line compression of liquid carbon dioxide; 2-3 line - the line heating carbon dioxide; Line 3-4 adiabatic (isentropic curve) expansion of carbon dioxide CO 2 vapor; Line 4-1 isotherms (isobars) kondesatsii vapor CO 2; line a'-a '- line initial boiling point of CO 2; Line K 'b' - end of the line is the boiling of CO 2; point "to" - the point of the critical parameters of CO 2
4 is a reactive ammonium turbine (RAT), view along arrow A, where v - velocity of the NH 3 from the discharge nozzle PAT (m / s); w - the circumferential speed of the output section of the PAT (m / s); r - radius of the wheel PAT (m).
Excluding subject to hydraulic losses when v = w, the efficiency of the PAT is equal to one.
Elementary thermodynamic calculation.
Physico-chemical properties of the equilibrium state of the liquid-vapor of carbon dioxide (CO 2) take from the table 28.
Physico-chemical properties of the equilibrium state of the liquid-vapor of ammonia (NH 3) take from the table 29.
Table 28; 29 placed on the page 234, 236, respectively, in the book: TN Andrianova, BV Dzampov, VN Zubarev, SA Remizov. Problems in engineering thermodynamics. - M .: Energoizdat 1981.
The heat capacity of CO 2 in the function of temperature is presented in Table 10 str.182-183.
Calculation of ammonia compressor (AC) and reactive ammonia turbine (RAT).
Accept:
- Specific heat of condensation of ammonia vapors in calories.
Determine:
1) The specific cooling AK - Q about.
2) The specific heat output AK = .
3) The work expended in the cycle AK - Q ak = -Q About.
4) Heat coefficient AK
.
.
(Q bp)268 - heat boiling ammonia 
X 1 - dryness of ammonia at 1`;
X 4 - ammonia dryness at 4`;
- The heat of condensation of ammonia vapor at T = 2 `` the T 3 = 353 K (80ºC).
The degree of dryness calculated by the formula
Q o - specific cooling capacity;
Q o = 305,6033 (0,7986-0,2829) = 157,5996 kcal;
Q ak - the specific power requirements for the drive AK:
Q ak = (Q a)353-Q o = 216,1555-157,5996 = 58,5559 kcal;
t - thermal coefficient AK;
PAT Q - reactive power density ammonium turbine (RAT) is calculated according to the formula of Bernoulli's equation
Accept: V = 10 m 3 / s,
Calculating turbine carbonate (TPC).
- The specific power of the TPC.
Accepted for UPC:
3, T = 343 K; P 3 =? 4 T = 303 K; P 4 = 70,66kg / m 2 K = 1,275;
Q CO2 = Cp 3 T 4 T 3 -Cp 4 = 0.8878 343-0,8486 · · 303 = 47,3896kDzh / kg;
- The required amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2) (kg):
Q p - disposable supplies (kcal):
Q p = (Q a) = 216.1555 353 kcal.
Q n - heat demand for UKT (kcal):
- The condensation heat of CO 2 vapor at T = 4, the T 1 = 303 K
From Table 10; 28
Q n = 11,32 + 14,7129 = 26,0329 kcal.
Then
q CO2 - UKT power;
q CO2 = 11.32 · 8.3032 = 93.99 kg.
Q SJ - power density of liquid carbon dioxide:
p - the efficiency of the expansion of CO 2,
We accept p = 0,92; 
q SJ - power requirements for the compression of carbon dioxide:
- Net power produced by the generator of electric current expense heat water
or 76.65 nw or 104.7357 hp
Q a '- the heat produced from water (kcal);
In Q '= Q o = 157,996 kcal;
Q in the "- heat, gave the water (kcal);
Q e - useful heat;
Q e = 18.3962 kcal;
Q - offers a warm,
.
heat loss
q = Q- Q e = 35,4354-18,3962 = 17.0392 kcal
e - useful heat rate:
The invention solves the energy and environmental challenges on the ground.
CLAIM
1. A device for producing electricity from the heat of the water, a compressor consisting of ammonia, ammonium jet turbine carbonate turbine pump liquid carbon dioxide, electric generator, heat exchanger, characterized in that the output of the compressor is connected with the ammoniacal ammonium carbonate exchanger exit ammonia-carbon heat exchanger is connected to the entrance of the reactive ammonia turbine output from reactive ammonia turbine is connected to the input in the ammonia-water radiator, mounted in the running water pipe, the output of the ammonia-water radiator connected to the input of an ammonia compressor output of liquid carbon dioxide from high-pressure pump is connected to the carbon sink installed in the ammonia-carbon heat exchanger out of the carbon radiator is connected to the input of carbon turbine output of carbon turbine is associated with carbonate-water radiator, mounted in the flow water pipe, the output of carbon-water radiator connected the entrance of the pump high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide; carbonic turbine pump liquid carbon dioxide high pressure compressor ammonia, ammonium jet turbine power generator - all mounted on the same shaft.
2. A method of producing electricity from the heat of the water is to use water at the upstream of the refrigerator as carbon dioxide and vapor preheater saturated ammonia vapor flow in the end, the power generated by the turbine carbonate, ammonia is used to drive the compressor, the liquid pump high-pressure carbon dioxide and generate electricity, while the temperature of the ammonia in the ammonia before it enters the compressor 1, T = 268K (-5 ° C), the pressure of the ammonia in the ammonia before it enters the compressor 1, P = 3.475 kg / cm 2, temperature of ammonia at the outlet of the compressor T2 ammonia = 353K (80 ° C), pressure of ammonia at the outlet of compressor P3 ammonia = 34.55 kg / cm 2, the temperature of carbon dioxide at the inlet of the turbine carbonic T 3 = 343K, carbon dioxide pressure at the inlet of the turbine carbonic P 3 = 127, 2038 kg / cm 2, the temperature of carbon dioxide at the exit of turbine T carbonate 4 = 303K (30 ° C), carbon dioxide pressure at the outlet of the turbine carbonate P4 = 70.6688 kg / cm 2, these parameters condensation heat from the heating dioxide vapor carbon equal to 122.1662 kcal, and the heat of boiling ammonia vapor equal to 157.5935 kcal received heat from the water 157,5995-122,1642 = 35.4354 kcal consumed for power generation 18.3962 kcal residue 35,4354-18, 3942 = 17.0392 kcal are losses, the efficiency factor of the device
print version
Publication date 07.01.2007gg
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