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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2174162
DEVICE FOR ENERGY CONVERSION
Name of the inventor: Kudymov GI .; Studennikov VV
The name of the patentee: Kudymov Georgy; Studennikov Vasily
Address for correspondence: 103009, Moscow, p / 184, for the PPF "JUS" pat.pov. SV Hunters, reg. number 59
Starting date of the patent: 1998.06.22
The invention relates to the power engineering and can be used when creating a device to convert one form of energy into another, such as by electrolysis. The task to be solved by the invention is to create a device that would make it possible to parallel conversion of mechanical and thermal energy into electrical and chemical energy. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the electrolysis, along with obtaining oxygen and hydrogen electricity and heat recovery. The device for energy conversion, for example by electrolysis tank comprises a rotating shaft, filled with electrolyte solution. Capacity installed on the frame and connected to a rotary drive. The device has electrodes, the electrolyte solution supply channel into the container and removal of electrolysis products. The device has a heat exchanger. Electrodes device or short-circuited to each other or connected in a circuit through the power consumer. Capacity to provide a set of angular velocity 
its rotation, determined from the mathematical relationships given in the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to power engineering and can be used when creating a device to convert one form of energy into another, such as by electrolysis.
From prior art it is known a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and then into chemical decomposition of water by electrolysis of the electrolyte solution and thus obtain hydrogen and oxygen. This device comprises a container with a shaft that is mounted in supports on the frame rotatably. It is kinematically connected to a rotary drive, such as an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric current generator. Capacity is filled with the electrolyte solution, it contains electrodes included in the electric circuit of the generator, and channels for inlet and outlet of the initial end of the electrolysis products (see. The RF Patent N 2015395, F 02 M 21/00, 1990 YG).
Obtain the desired technical result in this device prevents the fundamentally different design approaches to the preparation of the final result from the use of the well-known invention. Furthermore, this device does not allow to perform unconventional energy conversion in the more complex: multiple parallel conversion cycles.
This device during rotation of the container provides a mechanical drive serial converting first energy into electricity, and only then to chemical energy derived from a hydrogen-oxygen water. Such a sequence of mandatory energy conversion determines the low efficiency of performance (COP) of the device, as compensation for the endothermic effect of water decomposition reaction is carried out through the use of electricity generated, and does not provide the possibility of its useful life in the external load without the sharp decline in the yield of hydrogen and oxygen.
The task to be solved by the claimed invention is to provide a device that would make it possible to parallel conversion of mechanical and thermal energy into electrical and chemical energy.
The technical result obtained by the implementation of the present invention include improving the efficiency of the electrolysis, along with obtaining oxygen and hydrogen of electrical energy and heat recovery of any natural or man-made origin.
The problem is solved and the technical result is achieved in that the device for energy conversion, for example, by electrolysis, comprising rotating a container of a shaft filled with electrolyte solution, mounted on the frame and connected to a rotary drive, the electrodes a and electrolyte solution supply channel in the container and removing electrolysis products according to the invention provided with a heat exchanger between the electrodes or a short-circuited or connected to the circuit via power consumer, and the capacity to provide a set of angular velocity of rotation Determined from the following mathematical relationships: 
where q a, q k - electric charges of the anion and cation of electrolyte, Cl, in a stoichiometric ratio;
T - absolute temperature of the solution, K; 
m - mass difference hydrated cation and anion kg; 
- Linear concentration of heavy ions, m -1; 10 = (C · N) 1/3, where
C - molar concentration of the solution, mol L -1,
N - number of Avogadro, mol -1;
h - height of the column of solution, m;
K - the degree of dissociation of the electrolyte, 10 -2%;
R - radius of the inner tank, m; 
- Temperature coefficient of change of hydration of the binding energy, K -1; 
o - absolute dielectric constant, S · m -1; - The relative dielectric constant of water;
r in - the effective radius of the water molecule, m;
r u - the effective radius of a heavy ion, m.
The above mathematical relationships derived from empirical and theoretical studies. Mathematical calculations and justification of this dependence quite bulky and, in order not to overload the materials herein are not given.
 | FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of different constructive solutions of the claimed device for energy conversion. The apparatus comprises a frame 1, which is installed on the shaft 2 rotating container 3 is filled with an aqueous electrolyte solution. Volume 3 is connected to a rotary drive (not shown). The device has electrodes 4 and 5 and channels 6 and 7 and 8, respectively for supplying the electrolytic solution and removing the products of electrolysis. Various designs of the devices include several performance of its heat exchanger. Thus, in FIG. 1 shows, for example, a tubular heat exchanger 9 disposed in the cavity of the container 3, and in another embodiment constructive solutions illustrated in FIG. 2, the heat exchanger function 9 can carry the container body 3. |
Regarding the structural embodiment of the electrodes, it is appropriate to say the following. The electrode 4 as a rotating inner surface of the container 3 can be used as the second electrode 5, the various structural elements can be used, placed, for example, the shaft 2 inside the vessel 3. Thus in FIG. 1 and 2, electrode 5 is structurally represented as, for example, metal interconnected discs mounted on the shaft 2 freely rotatably. Depending on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used in the device, each electrode can act as cathode or anode.
In one embodiment the structural unit may be, for example, provided with a separator 10. In the other cases (FIG. 2), such as unitization device with an internal combustion engine, there is no need to carry out the separation of hydrogen and oxygen as they are sent to after-burning, so separator 10 is not used. Furthermore, the electrolyte solution may perform the function of the coolant, and hence the internal heat exchanger 9 and inexpedient.
Design of the heat exchanger and the electrodes in the subject of the present invention are not included.
The electrodes 4 and 5 may be shorted together (constructive accomplish this difficult, therefore in this application is the performance is not given; it is not included in the scope of claims), or the electrodes may be connected, for example, a sliding contact 11, a circuit through the power consumer (not shown). This compound is technically multivariate and not included in the scope of the legal protection sought. It should only be noted that in the circuit through the connection of the consumer electricity was only possible because as a result of generating electricity the device - hence the appearance of the consumer.
In one design embodiment to reduce the friction loss of the container 3 on the air, it can be enclosed in a casing 12 (in the subject matter is not included), forming a sealed cavity message or with the engine air intake system of an internal combustion engine or a vacuum pump to reduce the pressure of the gas and thus the frictional force.
Furthermore, to ensure the circulation of electrolyte solution electrode wheels 5 may comprise radial channels themselves and to be kinematically connected with a braking device (not shown), ensuring their lower rotational speed relative to the container 3, which generates a dynamic flow of fluid channels. These constructive solutions to the subject invention are not included. As for the mathematical relation that defines a clear rotation speed :
then, as noted above, the mathematical calculations leading to this dependence, are cumbersome and result in their application materials impractical.
Device for energy conversion operates as follows.
The device in a rotating container 3 through the channel 6 is supplied pre-prepared the necessary volume of the electrolyte solution. At the same time it covers the electrode layer 5. The container 3 accelerates to the speed specified for the device by the above formula. If the specified parameter is lower than the calculated (threshold) value, the sharply reduced electrolysis efficiency associated with the process of decomposition of water, or it will not be realized at all. Upon reaching this speed the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the device provides a metered flow of water or fresh electrolyte solution in the container 3 through the channel 6 and the removal therefrom of hydrogen, oxygen and other intermediate and end products of the process through the respective channels 7 and 8.
During operation of the device by the centrifugal force in the vessel 3 creates an artificial field of gravity, in which the cations and anions in the form of a hydrate having substantially different own weight are separated. Heavier ions its electric field will affect each other and to the solution the periphery on the inner surface of the container 3 as one of the electrodes is formed zone with a higher concentration of similar ions, for example anions, i.e. negative spatial electric charge which induces the outer surface 3 adequate capacity charge (potential) of the electrical conductivity.
light ions in turn will concentrate in the area between said space charge and the electrode 5 to form a space charge (potential) of the opposite sign. The distance between cations and anions in solution on the boundary between two conventional spatial charges is always greater than the distance between the cations and the surface of the cathode, and consequently, the electric field strength in the latter case above. For this reason arose balance will be broken, and broken it on the electrode 5, if its potential is sufficient to create an electric field that can deform hydrate envelopes of light ions. Then they approach the surface of the electrode 5 and discharged. Heavy ions, pressed by the centrifugal force to the surface of the other electrode 4 can not be apart of the solution, so they give up their charge electrode 4 and between them through a sliding contact 11 short-circuited by a conductor or a constant electric current flows. recover electrolytic ions to form hydrogen and oxygen, and the intermediate products of electrolysis enter into secondary water reaction. Thus, the claimed device for converting electric energy generated by current flowing redox chemical reactions at the electrodes, and not vice versa, which is the case in the known prior art device.
The reactions of formation of molecular hydrogen and oxygen is exothermic, which indicates the possibility of spontaneous flows, but only if overcome the energy barrier hydration forces established connections. This barrier is destroyed by mechanical field of artificial gravity. In accordance with this process becomes irreversible and receives a steady long-term nature, as specified field constantly, and to replace discharge (recovery) ions enter the new solution from the other layers. Recovered hydrogen and oxygen float to the center of the vessel 3, separated by a separator 10 if necessary and are removed therefrom through the respective channels 7 and 8, giving a solution of the acquired quantity of motion, and thus enabling reduction in cost of mechanical energy on the drive unit.
Performance of the claimed device for hydrogen is controlled by changing the frequency of rotation of the container 3 or the value of the ohmic resistance of the external electrical load of the consumer. At its minimum value, that is, short-circuit (short-circuited electrodes), the voltage on the electrodes is equal to the sum of the concentration of the potential difference and electromotive force (EMF) of the centrifugal field, and if the external resistance increases, adequately increase the voltage on the electrodes and decrease the current to the load of the consumer . In this regard, the claimed apparatus differs substantially from the known electrochemical and electromagnetic power sources and power converters.
Furthermore, it should be noted and other features of the working process of the claimed device.
The process of decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen by reduction of their ions is accompanied by decrease in enthalpy of solution, causing the solution temperature constant decreases, and if not to replenish the heat loss, the solution will freeze and the process will stop. For this reason, the solution is warmed. In the case where the inflow of heat is insufficient, the solution temperature is below the ambient temperature, and create the necessary conditions for the absorption of heat in the external heat pump electrowinning. This device is in this mode, low-grade thermal energy converts chemical energy into high water recovered from the hydrogen and oxygen. This allows combustion again after the thermal energy to obtain, but higher capacity, ie maximum focus (transform) to use.
It should be noted that the device supplied to the thermal energy as a result of the mechanical work on the deformation of hydrate bonds ions in an aqueous electrolyte solution simultaneously completely converted to potential chemical and electrical energy. Its overall efficiency significantly greater than the prototype, and an average of at least 0.8. In the above angular velocity container 3 completely received electric power consumed to overcome internal ohmic resistance of the device, and in case of exceeding the threshold frequency excess input mechanical energy already generates electrical energy external force (because the current density reaches a maximum or saturation state, and the voltage increases without bound), which in turn is already able to produce work on the consumer. Thus, the device becomes a thermochemical properties source (generator) of the electric current running free with a side release hydrogen, oxygen and heat absorption.
Thus, there is a device for converting mechanical and thermal energy into electrical and chemical energy.
The design of the claimed device for energy conversion is quite simple. It is produced both in terms of money, and mass production using conventional structural materials, and known electrolytes. With high specific indicators, such as the mass thermal capacity of 17-40 kJ · kg -1 solution of hydrogen capacity of 15 - 35 mol · m -2 · s -1 electrode and the average volume of electric power of about 2.2 MW · m -3, this device can be used, for example, in the unit with the vehicle internal combustion engine, tractor, locomotive aircraft, marine vessels and other vehicles, increasing their fuel efficiency by half, with steam turbines of thermal and nuclear power plants, but also stand-alone version for utilization of industrial heat in metallurgy or natural agriculture.
CLAIM
The device for energy conversion, for example, by electrolysis, comprising rotating a container of a shaft filled with electrolyte solution, mounted on the frame and connected to a rotary drive, the electrodes a and electrolyte solution supply channel in the vessel and removing the products of electrolysis, characterized in that the device is provided with a heat exchanger, or the electrodes short-circuited to each other, or connected through a power circuit in the consumer, and the capacity to provide a set of angular velocity of rotation defined by the following mathematical relationship:
where q a, q k - electric charges of the anion and cation of electrolyte, Cl, in a stoichiometric ratio;
T - absolute temperature of the solution, K; m - mass difference hydrated cation and anion kg; - Linear concentration of heavy ions, m -1, 10 = (C · N) 1/3,
where C - molar concentration of the solution, mol L -1;
N - number of Avogadro, mol -1;
h - height of the column of solution, m;
K - the degree of dissociation of the electrolyte, 10 -2%;
R - radius of the inner tank, m; - Temperature coefficient of change of hydration of the binding energy, K -1; 0 - absolute dielectric constant, S · m -1; - The relative dielectric constant of water;
r in - the effective radius of the water molecule, m;
r u - the effective radius of a heavy ion, m.
print version
Publication date 14.02.2007gg
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