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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2122642

POWER with combined steam cycle

POWER with combined steam cycle

Name of the inventor: Wolves ESTHER POLLARD .; Polivoda AI .; Korobskoy BS .; Polivoda FA .; Salekhov LT
The name of the patentee: Open Joint Stock Company "Energy Research Institute Krzhizhanovsky"
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1996.05.28

The invention is intended for use in power plants for clean electricity generation and heat supply. Power plant with a combined steam cycle includes a circulation loop of heat transfer from the heat generators, excluding the emission of nitrogen oxides formed in the form of the catalyst on an organic or inorganic fuel, or heat generators in the nuclear or isotopic fuel, one of which is provided with a two-stage thermoelectric generator, comprising the additional circulation loop from the thermoelectric generator , steam-power circuit is equipped with an engine in the form of volumetric rotary steam engine, heat exchanger condensate heater, regenerative heat exchanger and the condensation-dryer heat exchanger. The invention eliminates contamination of the atmosphere with nitrogen oxides NO x, sulfur SO x, a and benzpyrene, and the like, which increases the environmental friendliness of electric power generation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Offer applies to power plants for clean electricity generation and heat consumers, in particular as replacement power plants in hybrid solar power plants or miniatomnyh.

Another area of ​​the proposal - fast-autonomous mobile mini electrical power stations for industrial and household objects that are not connected to the power grid, but also used as emergency and peak power in power systems.

The assumed known hybrid solar thermal power plant comprising a circulating heat transfer circuit comprising a heat transfer loop from in series modular mirroring parabolotsilindricheskogo solar concentrator receivers with sun tracking system, steam generator, steam heater, circulation pump as offers analogue, connected by one output to the input of heat transfer loop modular concentrator solar receivers, and the second output through replacement in the absence of the sun heat source coupled to the input of said superheater, comprising a second steam-power circuit with a steam-water working fluid consisting of a series outstanding: economizer, steam-powered parts of the steam generator and superheater, turbine electricity generator , condenser cooling and condensing pump. Webb GMSegs Plont design and operation. LUZ project to ENIN, LUZ Develop ment and Finantial Corporation Okt. 1989.

The disadvantage of analog is very low, no more than 14% efficiency of the purely thermodynamic steam cycle Rankine converting heat of the solar energy into electricity, what is connected with the high cost of equipment, long payback period of solar power, but also a negative environmental impact due to emissions of oxides when the nitrogen substituent power plant.

As a prototype accepted known solar combined power plant comprising: a circulation circuits of heat transfer, the first of which includes heat transfer loop from in series modular mirroring parabolotsilindricheskogo solar concentrator receivers with sun tracking system, steam generator, steam superheater, a circulation pump connected by one output to the input heat transfer loop modular solar concentrator receivers semiconductor photovoltaic cells, and the second output through substitute (hybrid) heat source coupled to the input of said superheater, comprising a second steam-power circuit with a steam-water working fluid consisting of a series outstanding: economizer, steam-powered parts of the steam generator and superheater , a thermal power generator with the engine, cooling condenser and condensate pump; inverter with battery, low-grade heating system circulating pump (see for example the copyright certificate USSR N 1726922 A1, Cl F 24 J 2/14;.. F 01 K 13/00). With known power fototermodinamicheskoy not possible to achieve more than 20% total coefficient converting thermal energy into electricity.

This disadvantage is primarily due to the fact that the prototype provided the use of low temperature including silicon photovoltaic semiconductor converters bodied with an efficiency of only 10% at a temperature not higher than 55 o C. Therefore, they are placed on economizers, which are mainly used for low-temperature heating water circulating a heating network and only to a small extent for heating the condensate produced in the steam cycle.

Due to this factor contribution is negligible, less than 5% of waste heat produced during low-temperature cooling photocells turbogenerator in power generation.

Another factor that contributes to a low thermodynamic efficiency of the prototype are disadvantageous thermodynamic properties used working medium - water in the steam cycle of the combined fototermodinamicheskom solar power. This is particularly high critical steam parameters: pressure of 21.8 MPa, temperature of +374 o C, with a high heat of vaporization of 539 kcal / kg.

For these reasons, the total principal fototermodinamichesky coefficient converting thermal energy into electrical energy in the prototype may even be below 20%.

In addition to the low efficiency in the use of water as the working fluid in the steam cycle for causing application of high temperatures and pressures, entails the requirement of high strength and, accordingly, of metal equipment, at high cost, low reliability and danger during operation of the prototype.

Ecological disadvantage of this device is the emission of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere with the products of combustion substitute heat source made as a conventional boiler system with burners for gaseous fuels are combusted in periods without sunshine. When burning gaseous fuel in a burner with the flame temperature about 2000 o C, an intensive synthesis of nitrogen oxides, and emits to 1400 cm 3 of these oxides per 1 m 3 of flue gas (in terms of NO x), is extremely toxic to humans and animals .

According to the prior art can not perform low-power plants including mobile options due to the nature of the turbine as a motor. Rather complicated, bulky, metal-, heavy and expensive, respectively, of the turbine it is advisable to use lighter, simple and reliable units at a high 86%, thermomechanical efficiency, low cost, and metal.

Energy, environmental and technical result of the proposed technical solutions - improving the efficiency of the use of fossil or nuclear fuels and heat energy, improving the environmental cleanliness of the environment in the development of electricity as part of a hybrid solar or nuclear power, or use as an environmentally friendly stand-alone power plants.

This technical result is achieved in that the power plant with a combined steam cycle, including steam power circuit with vapor-liquid working fluid consisting of a series outstanding: economizer, steam generator, steam superheater, a heat engine with a power generator, a cooling condenser, condensate pump, inverter, heating systems and heat transfer flow circuits, the first of which is designed as a heat transfer loop in series with the heat sink, a circulating pump connected to the output to the input heat sink with a heat transfer loop, the output of which is connected to the input of the steam generator. The power plant is equipped with heat generators, one of which is placed at the dogrevatelnogo the heat of the heat transfer loop, two-stage thermoelectric generator teplopriemnymi plates, rear side which faces the electrically insulated hot spayam first-stage heat exchanger condensate heating, condensation-drying heat exchanger, the regenerative heat exchanger steam-power circuit and the additional heat transfer loop with additional heat receiving unit, wherein the second heat source is disposed within the thermoelectric generator, and the receiving side teplopriemnoy plate facing the second heat source, the heat sink of the heat transfer loop is placed between the electrically insulated cold junctions of the first stage and electrically insulated hot junctions of the second stage thermoelectric generator, and the additional heat receiving more heat transfer loop is placed in electrically insulated cold junctions of the second stage of a thermoelectric generator, the output and input of the circulating coolant from the additional heat receiver, respectively connected to the input and output of the hot part of the heat exchanger condensate heater, gas outputs of the heat generators are connected to the input of a condensation-dryer heat exchanger and the inlet and outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger are respectively connected to the output of the previous and the entry of the last stages of the heat engine.

The power plant is equipped with a thermoelectric generator, adapted to the thermoelectric elements in the form of wide, preferably telluridsvintsovyh and antimony-bismuth semiconductor thermocouples p and n type.

The proposed catalytic power heat generators made in the form of panels of porous material containing catalyst, preferably a cobalt-chrome, with the two parallel surfaces of the catalytic heat source panels may be gaps in size from a few millimeters to centimeters formed between selective plates teplopriemnymi hot junctions I- th stage thermoelectric generator, and a thicker porous catalyst disposed tubular perforated distributors gaseous or vaporized inorganic or organic fuel.

Heat sink can be made to conducted directly connected to the heat source and the surface (or) selective absorbing all radiant infrared radiation emitted by the heat source, wherein the selective surface is located with a gap relative to the emitting surface.

The power heat generators can be configured as a heat source in the nuclear fuel or isotope with adjustable heat flow.

The proposed power plant as the working fluid in the steam cycle used organic or inorganic substance with a lower than the critical water pressure, temperature and heat of vaporization.

Thermal power plant engine is designed as a volume of the steam engine, in particular a rotary single or multi-stage, twin-screw or three-shaft turbo expander rotors with profiles preferably of type "Liskholm".

POWER with combined steam cycle POWER with combined steam cycle

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 of the proposed power scheme with a combined steam cycle at which the axially symmetric half of the thermoelectric generator is shown; FIG. 2 a sectional thermoelectric generator.

The power plant comprises a steam power and the flow circuits of heat, the first being designed as a heat transfer loop, in series: dogrevatelnym heat receiving unit 1 and the heat receiving unit 2, a circulation pump 3 connected to the output to the input of the hot part of the steam generator 4 with economizer 5, wherein dogrevatelny heat sink 1 is made in a coil or flat panel with conductive or radiative teplopriemom and together with coil superheater 6 surround the first heat source 7 teplopriemnye plate 8 thermoelectric generator surrounding the second heat source 9 are formed in the plates, the heat absorption side which faces the heat generator 9 and the back is in thermal Insulated contact with the hot junctions 11, 10 of the first stage of a thermoelectric generator, and electrically insulated cold junctions 12 are in thermal contact with the heat receiving unit 2 from the rear side of which are in thermal contact electrically insulated hot junctions 13 of the second stage 14 of the thermoelectric generator; and electrically insulated cold junctions 15 in thermal contact with an additional heat receiving unit 16, additional heat transfer loop with a circulating pump 17, and the entrance and exit of the circulating coolant from the additional conductive heat receiver 16, the heat transfer loop respectively connected to the entrance and exit of the hot part of the heat exchanger of condensate preheating 18, flues 20 19 of the two heat generators 7 and 9 are connected to pipeline 21 to the input of the condensation-dryer heat exchanger 22 with the exhauster 23, to the steam inlet and outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger 24 is connected to a multistage heat engine with the steps 25, 26, 27, respectively, to the output of the preceding stage 26 and entry the last stage of the heat engine 27 which is located on the shaft generator 28 connected to the inverter 29, to which are connected: the first electric circuit 11 and the second thermoelectric generator stages 14, 30 and consumer mains grid power for their own needs 31.

The yield of the last stage 27 of the heat engine is piped to a condenser 32 with cooling fan 33, and condenser output 32 is connected to the condensation collector 34 which condensate is connected to condensate parts condensation-drying coil 22, whose output is connected to the input of the condensate pump 35, and its output connected to the input of the cold part of the heat exchanger 18, the condensate preheating, the output of which condensate is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the regenerative heat exchanger 24 and its output to the input of the cold part of the economizer 5, the output of which condensate is connected to the input of the steam generator 4, which steam line is connected to the input 6, respectively superheater connected steam pipe to the I-th stage 25 of the heat engine.

For heating the consumer in parallel regenerative heat exchanger 24 through the additional heat exchanger can be connected to the heating system user.

The power plant with a combined steam cycle operates as follows. In an embodiment, the work on fossil fuel when the exhauster 23 through gas lines 19, 20 and 21 of the condensation-dryer heat exchanger 22 (Figs. 1, 2) atmospheric air (or pure oxygen O 2) is sucked into the gap clearances both catalytic generators 7 and 9, the quantity from 5 to 20 mm formed surfaces panel catalytic heat generators and coil superheater 6, reheated heat receiving unit 1, a and teplopriemnymi plates 8 with the hot junctions 10 I-th stage 11 of the thermoelectric generator surrounding heat generators 7, 9 to which is fed a gaseous or vaporized fuel and within a few minutes there is the ignition process by an external spark burning or thermal. On the catalyst surface panels 7, 9, the heat generator 2 comes H (CH 2) Catalytic oxidation reaction of the fuel, etc. by air oxygen O 2, moving in the gaps, and the combustion products with air sucked through the pipelines 19, 20, 21 to heat exchanger 22. Mounted stable catalytic reaction mode is possible in which the formation of nitrogen oxides NO x and fuel chemical energy with high efficiency ( up to 98%) is converted into infrared radiation with a wavelength of about 5 m at an intensity of 30 kW per 1 m 2 of the surface on each side panel. This radiation with an efficiency of 95% is absorbed selective plates thermoelectric generator 8 lifts and 600 o C above the temperature of the hot junctions of thermocouples 10 (pairs n and p-type) I-th stage thermoelectric generator 11, which generates a thermoelectric current. The cold junctions of thermocouples 12 I-th stage at a temperature of 250-350 o C are in thermal conductive contact with the heat receiving unit 2 of the first circulation loop, which circulates coolant in the intermediate heat transfer medium conveying pump 3 through a large portion (2/3) of the thermal energy generated panel 9 in the form of heat conduction, which is applied to the hot junctions 13, II-14 th stage thermoelectric generator. Меньшая часть (1/3) циркулирующим теплоносителем при температуре до 350 o C передается в догревательный теплоприемник 1, в котором от догревательного каталитического теплогенератора 7 добавляется еще 40% тепловой энергии и температура теплоносители поднимается до 350-450 o C на входе в парогенератор 4. Причем догревательный теплоприемник 1 может быть выполнен в виде змеевика.

Circulating coolant in the extra heat transfer loop with an additional conductive heat receiver 16 cold junctions 15 II-th stage 14 of the thermoelectric generator is cooled to a temperature of 70 o C, and Blow-off low potential heat energy of a thermoelectric generator for a heat conductor passed through the condensate heating coil 18 in the steam cycle of increasing its efficiency . Both the stage 11 and 14 of the thermoelectric generator are connected in series-parallel, at an efficiency of 6-8% generate direct current, transmitted by electrical conductors in the inverter 29, in which the direct current is converted into three-phase alternating current is summed with the current generated by the electric generator 28.

Thermoelectric elements th stage I-II stage 11 and a thermoelectric generator 14, for example made in the form of columns of diameter 8 mm and length of 22 semiconductor wideband telluride and antimony-lead alloys, bismuth-p and n types. Hot 10 and cold junctions 12 I-th stage 11 and 13, and hot and cold junctions 15 II-th stage thermoelectric generator 14 have the electrical insulation film of a heat-conducting plate 8, and 16 of the heat sink 2.

Entered the hot coolant entrance of the steam generator 4 transmits most of the heat the working fluid resulting in its boiling and evaporation, and a smaller portion of the heat from the hot output of the steam generator 4 through the pipeline enters the hot economizer input 5 and then input the circulation pump 3.

As the working fluid in the steam cycle is used an organic or inorganic material with a lower than that of water, the critical pressure and temperature of the heat of vaporization or pentaftortrihlorpropan example polymethylsiloxane.

In the steam circuit is heated by exhaust gases in the heat exchanger 22, the condensate is sucked condensate pump 35 and enters the condensate heating heat exchanger 18, from which the heated relief of thermal energy cold junctions 15 II-th stage 14 of the thermoelectric generator on the condensate line to the input of the regenerative heat exchanger 24 and further along the condensate the economizer 5, from which the condensate flows on to the steam generator 4, where boiling occurs and the evaporation of the working body, and overheating the superheater. The steam from the initial parameters of temperature 350-450 o C, pressures in excess of 3.0 MPa from the superheater 6 arrives at the I stage turbo expander 25 and, extending his screw cavity, resulting in rotational movement of the rotors, making thus a part of the mechanical work necessary for drive an electric generator 28, and then through the steam line to the input of stage II 26, which produces some similar work, is summarized with stage I received from. The output of stage II 26 turbo expander, the vapor enters the hot input of the regenerative heat exchanger 24, where about 9% of the thermal energy of steam is taken for heating the condensate, thereby correspondingly increasing the thermal efficiency of the steam cycle, and then through the steam line to the input of stage III 27 turbo expander, which is similar to steps I, II, expands and makes the last part of the mechanical work to drive an electric generator 28, and then through the steam line to the input of the capacitor 32 with a fan 33 is blown through it, the cooling air with the ambient temperature of about 25 o C. The heat of condensation of the steam is transferred to the air and the liquid cold condensate at about 25 o C for the condensate flows into the condensate collector 34 and further to the input of the condensation-dryer heat exchanger 22 in which the exhaust gases are at a temperature of about 300 o C, giving most of the thermal energy to cold condensate is heated it to 70 o C or above, are cooled with combustion products contained in the water together with possible harmful impurities condense and flow down into the sump condensation-dryer heat exchanger 22 and the purified air through the exhaust pipe and the extractor 23 are output to atmosphere.

If necessary, heat the consumer, due to a decrease in power output in parallel regenerative heat exchanger 24 through the additional heat exchanger connected heating system user.

Inverter 29 is connected to the mains 31, all as motorized pump 3, 17 and 35 and 33 and the fan 23 and the exhauster.

In an embodiment of the power plant steam cycle combined with a nuclear (U 235, Pu 231 and OE) or isotopic (Cs 131 and OE) fuel heat generators 7 and 9 with adjustable heat flux may be in the form of uranium (U) or plutonium ( Pu) reactors with cadmium or other control rods in the adjusting system of known type.

There may be a combined regimen of removable-replaceable heat generators 7 and 9, in which one of them can be performed by catalytic organic fuel, and another heat source at a nuclear or isotope for a more economical use of it due to the high cost. Specific performance removable or stationary heat generators on fossil or nuclear fuel is determined by the specific technical and economic requirements of the power plant variant with a combined steam cycle. Requirements for stationary power plants designed as a peak or emergency in power cause the application of mainly fossil fuels - natural gas. Requirements for stand-alone power plants in the northern latitudes cause the preferred use of nuclear fuel and the arrangement in the form of a mini nuclear power plants with a combined steam cycle. Requirements for replacement hybrid power plant for solar power, can determine the use of both organic and nuclear fuel, but in the different seasons of the year, especially in the polar regions.

Application of the bleed heat utilization process thermoelectric generator in combination with an organic working fluid and an additional superheater enable to obtain a high efficiency of the proposed power plant, known binary cycles exceeding, for example, with mercury as working fluid at a much lower complexity, cost, power plants and metal.

The use of heat generators 7, 9, made in the form of catalytic organic fuel or as heat generators in the nuclear fuel, eliminates the possibility of release into the atmosphere of nitrogen oxides NO x, which in combination with the use of heat exchangers: regenerative 24, condensate heating 18 waste heat thermoelectric generator and condensation -sushilnym heat exchanger 22, which increase the efficiency of steam cycle and reduces thermal pollution, making the entire power plant with a combined cycle steam-powered eco-friendly.

CLAIM

1. The power plant with a combined cycle steam power, steam power circuit includes a vapor-liquid working fluid consisting of a series hosted economizer, steam generator, steam superheater, a heat engine with a power generator, condenser cooling, condensate pump, inverter, heating system and circulation circuits of heat transfer, the first of which is designed as a heat transfer loop, in series heat sink, a circulating pump, connected output to the input of heat transfer loop with a heat sink, the output of which is connected to the input of the steam generator, characterized in that it is provided with dogrevatelnym heat receiving, heat generators, one of which is placed at the dogrevatelnogo the heat of the heat transfer loop, two-stage thermoelectric generator teplopriemnymi plates, the back side which faces the electrically insulated hot spayam first-stage heat exchanger condensate preheating, condensation-dryer heat exchanger, a regenerative heat exchanger steam power circuit and the additional heat transfer loop with an additional heat receiving unit, wherein the second heat source is disposed within the thermoelectric generator, and the receiving side teplopriemnoy plate facing the second heat source, a heat the heat transfer loops positioned between the electrically insulated cold junctions of the first stage and electrically insulated hot junctions of the second stage thermoelectric generator, and an additional heat sink further heat transfer loops placed in electrically insulated cold junction of the second stage of a thermoelectric generator, the output and input of the circulating coolant the heat from the additional, respectively connected to the input and output of the heat exchanger of hot condensate heating, gas outputs of the heat generators are connected to the input of condensation and drying of the heat exchanger, and the input and output regenerative heat exchanger are respectively connected to the output of a previous entry and the last stages of the heat engine.

2. Power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoelectric generator is arranged in the form of thermoelectric elements wideband preferably telluridsvintsovyh and antimony-bismuth semiconductor thermoelements p and n types.

3. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat sink made selective, absorbing all radiant infrared radiation emitted by the heat generators.

4. Power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generators are made catalytic, in the form of panels of porous material containing catalyst, preferably a cobalt-chromium, wherein both surfaces of the catalytic heat source panels placed in parallel with a gap relative to the plates, and a thicker porous catalyst perforated pipe distributors are arranged gaseous or vaporized inorganic or organic fuel.

5. Power by .1, characterized in that the heat generators in the form of heat in the nuclear fuel or isotope with adjustable heat flow.

6. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that as the working fluid in the steam cycle is used an organic or inorganic material with a lower water in FM, critical pressure, temperature, and heat of vaporization.

7. The power plant of claim 1, wherein the heat engine is made as a volume of the steam engine, especially a rotary single- or multi-stage, twin-screw three-shaft or rotor truboekspanderom profiles preferably with type "Liskholm".

print version
Publication date 16.02.2007gg