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USEFUL ADDITIVES FOR PETROL AND OTHER MOTOR FUELS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2148077

ADDITIVE TO GASOLINE AND COMPOSITION, ITS CONTAINING

ADDITIVE TO GASOLINE AND COMPOSITION, ITS CONTAINING

The name of the inventor: Avetisyan VE; Afanasyev AM; Dyachenko OB; Emelyanov V.E .; Zvyagin GM; Kislov AI; Klimova TA; Malinovsky AS; Onoychenko SN; Samsonov VV; Titov A.K.
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company "Samara Petrochemical Company"
Address for correspondence: 109378, Moscow, ul.Shumilova, 13, building 2, apt. 80, Klimova TA
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.11.04

The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemistry, specifically to the composition of the additive and the composition containing it, intended for use in internal combustion engines. The additive to gasoline contains up to 16% of N-methylaniline, 0.1-1.0% of crotonaldehyde, 0.3-1.5% of acetic aldehyde, 0.1-0.8% of ethyl ether and the rest of ethyl alcohol. The additive may contain a multifunctional additive of AUTOMAG in an amount of 0.1-2.0% by weight. The gasoline composition containing the above additive in an amount of 1-12% by weight has high anti-knock properties, stable phase stability and improved environmental properties.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemistry, specifically to the composition of a gasoline additive and a composition containing it, intended for use in internal combustion engines.

As an octane-raising additive to fuels, in particular to gasoline, ethanol became widely known. However, one of the significant drawbacks of ethyl alcohol is its hygroscopicity. As a rule, when a watered ethanol is introduced into automobile fuel, the phase stability of the latter is reduced, which leads to a disruption of the phase homogeneity as the temperature is lowered. Separation of the composition into the gasoline and water-alcohol layers makes the operation of the internal combustion engines difficult - the engine stalls and the fuel tanks freeze.

To eliminate this drawback, a number of techniques are used: the removal of water from the alcohol-benzene mixture, the use of various co-solvents and stabilizers.

A fuel composition containing gasoline, ethyl alcohol and alkyl acetate with C 1 -C 6 alkyl radicals of a linear or branched structure is known (U.S. Patent No. 4,394,133, C 10 L 1/18, 1983).

An additive to motor fuel containing ethyl alcohol and higher aliphatic alcohols C 3 -C 5 is also known . The composition containing this additive has the following composition, wt.%:

  • Ethyl alcohol - 1 - 12
  • Aliphatic alcohols C 3 -C 5 - 0.3 - 4.0
  • Gasoline - Other

(U.S. Patent No. 4,541,836, C 10 L 1/18, 1985).

Limited resources for the production of aliphatic alcohols C 3 -C 5 , their high cost limit the possibility of using this composition.

A known additive to a hydrocarbon fuel containing aliphatic alcohols C 2 -C 4 , aliphatic alcohols C 5 -C 6 , aldehydes C 3 -C 7 , cyclic ketones and antioxidant.

When adding an additive to hydrocarbon fuel, which is intended for use in internal combustion engines, the latter must be clarified by the precipitation of water (Auth. CSB N 266119, C 10 L 1/18, 1990).

This fuel is unstable during storage, in addition, it does not have sufficiently high antiknock properties and has a high turbidity temperature.

To increase the antiknock properties of additives containing alcohols, including ethyl alcohol, amines are added to their composition.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a motor gasoline composition based on Super brand gasoline, containing as an additive a mixture of ethers with aliphatic alcohols C 2 -C 5 and amines. The composition contains 0.5-0.75% by volume of esters, 0.3-2.0% by volume of alcohols, 0.3-1.5% by volume of amines and 0.0-0.8% by volume of tetraethyl lead. As alcohol, ethyl alcohol can be used, and as the amine N-methylaniline (French Patent No. 2,050,841, C 10 L 1/00, 1971).

However, the known composition does not possess sufficiently high anti-knock properties, therefore, it is proposed to additionally introduce tetraethyl lead, which significantly degrades the ecological characteristics of the composition. In addition, the use of the above additive in the composition does not provide the desired cloud point.

The object of the invention is to develop an additive composition for gasoline based on ethyl alcohol, which provides high antiknock properties, low cloud point, reduced toxic emissions of exhaust gases from vehicles using a composition containing this additive.

To solve the problem, an additive to gasoline is proposed, containing, in mass%:

  • N-methylaniline - up to 16
  • Crotonaldehyde 0.1 - 1.0
  • Acetic aldehyde - 0.3 - 1.5
  • Ethyl ether 0.1-0.8
  • Ethyl alcohol - Other

In addition, the additive can additionally contain a multifunctional additive of AUTOMAG in an amount of 0.1-2.0% by weight.

A composition based on gasoline containing the above additive in an amount of 1 to 12% by weight is also proposed.

The difference in the claimed technical solution is the additional content of the additive crotonaldehyde, acetic aldehyde and ethyl ether, and in some cases, the multifunctional additive AVTOMAG in the declared quantities.

Distinctive features provide the proposed additive and composition containing it, simultaneously high anti-knock properties, stable phase stability and improvement of environmental properties of fuel by reducing CO and CH in motor vehicle emissions. Only a combination of all the distinctive features provides a composition that possesses a complex of these properties.

The studies carried out by the authors made it possible to establish a synergistic effect with respect to such an important indicator for the composition as the cloud point. Exclusion from the composition of the additive of one of the components: N-methylaniline or aldehyde and ether does not allow to obtain the required values ​​of this indicator, although each of them individually to some extent improves this indicator. The introduction of the multifunctional additive AUTOMAG into the composition of the additive reduces the toxic emissions (CO, CH) of motor vehicles. With the use of the additive, it is possible to obtain all grades of high-octane unleaded automotive gasolines (AI-91, AI-92, AI-93, AI-95 and AI-98) both summer and winter.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by the examples below.

The preparation of the proposed additive and the composition containing it is carried out by mixing the components with stirring.

The initial components for the preparation of the composition were:

A mixture of commercial gasolines AI-80 (A-76) and AI-92 (AI-91), the octane number of the gasoline base by the research method was 88.5 units.

Ethyl alcohol, produced in industry according to TU 38.402-62-117-98, is a colorless transparent liquid that does not contain mechanical impurities, with a sharp unpleasant odor, containing 92.5 - 99.0% alcohol, relative molecular weight 46.06.

N-methylaniline (TU - 2471-269-00204168-96) is an oily transparent liquid of yellow color with the following characteristics:

  • Mass fraction of N-methylaniline,%, not less than - 98.0
  • Mass fraction of aniline,%, no more than 0.5
  • Mass fraction of dimethylaniline,%, not more than - 1,3
  • Mass fraction of water,%, no more than 0,2
  • Density at 20 o C, kg / m 3 , not less than - 975

Multifunctional additive AVTOMAG is produced according to TU 38.401-58-33-92. It is a homogeneous liquid from light yellow to dark brown color:

  • Acid number mg KOH / g additive, no more than - 20
  • Alkaline number mg KOH / g additive, not more - 40
  • Density, kg / m 3 - 820 - 900

Crotonic and acetic aldehydes and ethyl ether used in the composition of the additive are by-products of organic production, manufactured according to GOST 18300-87 or according to TU 9291-001-32465440-98. The use of individual chemical compounds will lead to a rise in the cost of the additive and the composition as a whole.

Four samples of the proposed additive were prepared. The prepared samples of the compositions containing the proposed additive were tested according to the "Qualification Evaluation Methods" and GOST 2084-77.

The composition of the additive samples is given in Table 1, and the composition of the sample samples and the test results are shown in Table 2.

The data in Table 2 confirm that the combined use of N-methylaniline and by-products: crotonic and acetic aldehydes and ethyl ether, which are stabilizers in the additive, can significantly reduce the cloud point of the fuel composition and thereby convert gasoline from the summer to winter , But also contributes to an increase in its octane number.

The introduction of the additive multifunctional additive AVTOMAG provides a significant reduction in the toxicity of motor vehicle emissions.

In order to adjust the octane number of commercial gasolines by 1 to 2.5 units, it is possible to use the proposed additive in the absence of N-methylaniline in its composition.

The use of this additive in the composition of the fuel gasoline composition allows solving the issue of replacing ethyl liquid in gasolines, saving oil resources and improving the environmental properties of commercial gasolines by reducing the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in their composition and the toxicity of exhaust gas (CO, CH) vehicles.

CLAIM

A gasoline additive containing ethyl alcohol, N-methylaniline, characterized in that it additionally contains crotonaldehyde, acetic aldehyde and ethyl ether at the following component ratio, by weight:

  • N-methylaniline - Up to 16
  • Crotonaldehyde 0.1 - 1.0
  • Acetic aldehyde - 0.3 - 1.5
  • Ethyl ether 0.1-0.8
  • Ethyl alcohol - Other

2. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a multifunctional additive of AUTOMAG in an amount of 0.1-2.0% by weight.

3. A gasoline composition containing an additive, characterized in that it contains an additive according to claims 1 and 2 in an amount of 1 to 12% by weight.

print version
Date of publication 07.04.2007gg