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DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING VICINITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2067969

SOIL BASED ON THE BASIS OF PEAT AND METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION

SOIL BASED ON THE BASIS OF PEAT AND METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION

The name of the inventor: E. Ermakov; Ermakov A.E .; Ya. Zheltov; Zhuravlev Yu.M .; Sizov GM; Uborsky A.V.
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company "Trans RES"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.07.06

The inventions relate to agriculture and can be used for the productive cultivation of various crops and plants, the reclamation of soils and the restoration of their fertility.

The inventions are aimed at increasing the productivity of plants.

This result is achieved by the fact that the soil mixture for growing plants contains peat, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and peat-reducing materials with the following ratio of components (per 1 liter of mixture), g: clay 50-60; Sand 120 - 160; Superphosphate 1.5 - 2.0; Non-ballast complex fertilizer 2.0 - 5.0; Top peat, neutralized to pH = 5,5 - 6,0, the rest, and the method consists in separately mixing peat with calcareous materials and separately mineral fertilizers with sand and clay. The obtained mixture of clay, sand and fertilizers is aged for 7 to 10 days, and then mixed with the milled peat.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The inventions relate to agriculture and can be used for the productive cultivation of various crops and plants, the reclamation of soils and the restoration of their fertility.

A land is known for growing plants, which contains peat bogs of peat bogs and coal slags with a high content of iron, calcium and potassium oxides (German Application No. 3243187, class C 09 K 17/00, 1984). The known soil (soil mixture) does not guarantee to plants the optimal supply of fertilizers and microcells necessary for growth and, accordingly, does not ensure the maximum possible productivity of plants.

A peat-based soil mixture is used which, in addition to peat, contains materials neutralizing the acidity of peat (chalk, limestone, dolomite) and mineral fertilizers (VN Efimov et al., Peat in Agriculture of the Non-chernozem Zone, Reference: L. Agropromizdat , 1987, page 303).

The disadvantages of the known mixture are its tendency to salinity and insufficiently high plant productivity when it is used.

The closest in composition to the claimed composition is the known soil mixture based on peat, which, in addition to peat moss, which reduces the acidity of peat materials and mineral fertilizers, also clay with sand from 25 to 50% of the volume of peat (AA Smirnova. Lenizdat, 1973, page 101).

The disadvantage of the known mixture is its gradual compaction in the process of vegetation of the root-soil system, which adversely affects the vital activity of plants. In addition, the addition of such large amounts of sand and clay significantly increases the mass of the mixture, which in turn leads to an increase in transportation costs.

A method for preparing a peat-based soil mixture is known, which consists in mechanically mixing the components of peat, fertilizers, and limestone that enter it (German patent No. 1115525, C 05 F 11/04, 1965). The known method of preparation does not provide a high quality mixture, which affects the productivity of plants grown with its use.

A method for preparing a soil mixture is known, in that an aqueous solution of calcareous materials, mineral fertilizers, trace elements is added to the peat mass, and the resulting mass is compressed (German Patent No. 2,600,186, C 05 F 11/04, 1976). A disadvantage of the known method is a weak effect on the productivity of plants and the need for pressing, since the resulting mass contains too much water because of the nature of the process. In addition, with this method of preparing the mixture, the necessary chemical processes do not occur, the result of which favorably affects the productivity of plants.

The closest to the claimed method is the known method for preparing a soil mixture for reclamation of disturbed lands, which involves mechanical mixing of components (peat, phosphorite ore, etc.) and subsequent aging of the resulting mixture (USSR USSR N 1247388, C 09 K 17/00, 1986). As a result of aging, a mixture with properties optimal for plant cultivation is obtained.

A disadvantage of the known method is that it does not provide an optimality for the soil mixture of the claimed composition.

The claimed group of inventions is aimed at increasing the productivity of plants.

This result is achieved by the fact that the soil mixture for growing plants contains peat moss, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and peat reducing materials with the following ratio of components (per 1 liter of mixture), g:

  • Clay 50 60
  • Sand 120 160
  • Superphosphate 1.5 2.0
  • Ballast complex fertilizer 2.0 5.00
  • Horse peat, neutralized to pH 5.5 6.0 Other

A distinctive feature of the claimed soil mixture is the ratio of the components that make up it.

The introduction of fertilizers into the soil mix increases the productivity of plants, while the minimum required amount is 1.5 g / l for superphosphate, and 2.0 g / l for ballast complex fertilizer. The introduction of fertilizers in a greater amount than 2.0 g / l for superphosphate and 5.0 for complex fertilization no longer has a tangible effect on the productivity of plants, but increases the cost of the mixture. And the optimum ratios for the mineral components of a mixture of clay and sand were experimentally established. The change in their quantity in one direction or another from the above indicates a decrease in the productivity of plants.

This result is also achieved by the fact that the soil mixture is prepared by mechanically mixing the components and holding them, while separately mixing peat with calcareous materials and separately mineral fertilizers with sand and clay. The obtained mixture of clay, sand and fertilizers is kept for 7-10 days, and then mixed with the milled peat.

Distinctive features of the claimed method are separate mixing of sand, clay and mineral fertilizers; Holding the resulting mixture for 7-10 days; Mixing the resulting mixture with the brewed peat after aging.

Exposure for 7-10 days ensures the transfer of the mixture to an equilibrium state, which in the subsequent introduction of organic peat turf promotes the formation of organo-mineral chelate compounds, which in turn have a beneficial effect on the productivity of plants. At the same time, exposure of less than 7 days, as shown by experiments, slightly affects the achievement of the result, and exposure for more than 10 days does not affect the further increase in the effect.

Thus, the proposed soil mixture provides an increase in the productivity of plants, and the use of the proposed method for preparing a mixture of the claimed composition allows for an even better result.

The essence of inventions is explained with examples of implementation.

The method is generally realized as follows. Take the necessary amount of peat, which is mixed with the estimated amount of acid neutralizing peat material, for example ground chalk, so that the pH of the resulting mass is within 5.5 6.0. Separately, a mixture is prepared, containing the estimated amount of sand, clay and mineral fertilizers. The resulting mineral mixture is aged for 7-10 days, and then it is mixed with neutralized peat to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

The obtained soil mixture was used for growing plants, examining the effect of the soil mixture composition on the productivity of plants. Plants were grown in vessels with a capacity of 2.5 liters in light installations under DNT-400 lamps with heat absorbing filters. The duration of the light period was 16 hours per day. Watering was carried out with Knop's solution or water.

To ensure an objective assessment of the productivity of plants using different compositions of the mixture, different plant cultures were used (8 plants per experiment). At a certain stage of vegetation, the aerial part of plants was cut off, dried and weighed.

For convenience, the data are given in the tables. The number of components is given in g / l (see tables 1, 2, 3).

Similar experiments on the cultivation of plants of different cultures were carried out to determine the influence of the method of preparing the soil mixture on the productivity of plants. A mixture of the following composition was prepared for the experiment, g / l: 140 g of sand, 55 g of clay, 2.0 g of superphosphate, 4.0 g of complex ballast fertilizer and peat neutralized with ground chalk to pH 5.5, the balance.

As test plants used cucumber "Stella", tomato "White filling", cabbage "Gribovskaya". To obtain comparative data that allow to determine the effectiveness of the proposed method, the vegetative period was the same as in the experiments on the effect of the soil mixture composition on productivity. For convenience, the data obtained are summarized in Table 4. The information parameter that indicates the productivity of plants, as in the previous case, was the dry mass of the aboveground part of eight plants (in grams).

From the results presented, it can be seen that the best results are achieved by separate preparation of neutralized peat and mineral constituents with aging of the latter before mixing with peat for 7-10 days.

CLAIM

1. A soil mixture containing peat moss, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and acidity-reducing peat substances, characterized in that it contains these ingredients in the following ratio, g per 1 liter of the mixture:

  • Clay 50 60
  • Sand 120 160
  • Superphosphate 1.5 2.0
  • Ballastless complex fertilizer 2.0 5.0
  • Horse peat neutralized to pH 5.5 6.0 Other

2. A method for preparing a soil mixture, comprising mixing the components and holding, characterized in that the mineral fertilizers are pre-mixed with sand and clay, the resulting mixture is kept for 7-10 days, and then mixed with the baked peat.

print version
Date of publication 06.03.2007гг