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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2062026
METHOD OF PREPARING PLANTS
The name of the inventor: Sharupich VP; Sharupich TS
The name of the patent holder: Small enterprise "Patent" of the State Research and Design Institute "Giproniselprom"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.02.19
Use: agriculture, in the field of crop production in structures of protected soil.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a method for planting plants in a greenhouse with the arrangement of vegetation trays on triangular skeletons includes setting the duration of artificial irradiation and switching sections of radiation sources, wherein sections of radiation sources are divided into n groups with an equal number of sources, assigned to each source section and wireframes of the number, then alternately For 8-15 hours include sources of radiation from the first to the n-th group located above the trays of frames with even or odd numbers, and then turn off these sections of light sources and include sources with the same group numbers above the frameworks with odd or even numbers for 8 -15 hours , then these techniques are repeated cyclically. The application of the invention makes it possible to increase the yield of cultivated crops by 5-8% , and to reduce the power of irradiation plants, to increase the service life of light sources.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods for planting plants and can be used in agriculture in greenhouses.
There is a known method for the illumination of plants grown under protected soil conditions with the arrangement of vegetation trays on triangular frameworks set in rows, including setting the duration of the artificial plant irradiation cycle and, in accordance with the latter, switching sections of optical radiation sources placed above the vegetation trays of each frame (Greenhouse Project Sq. 1190 m 2 with a multi-level narrow-columned hydroponic technology at the state farm "Prigorodny", Syktyvkar, Orel, Giproniselprom, 1989 ).
The need for periodic switching on and off of light sources for the creation of a normal plant development regime in a known method requires the inclusion of all light sources simultaneously, and this complicates the operation of the greenhouse, since it requires the creation of powerful lines for supplying power to the sources of optical radiation, which also leads to overloading of the feeding substations . Operation at the limit mode leads to instability of the supply voltage and, consequently, to the instability of the optical radiation spectrum, which reduces the yield and leads to premature failure of the light sources, uneven lifetime.
The task was to reduce the power consumption, increase yield in the greenhouse due to the stabilization of the emission spectrum, increase the uniformity of the life of light sources.
This object is achieved by the present invention. In the method for the illumination of plants grown under protected soil conditions with the arrangement of vegetation trays on triangular skeletons set in rows comprising the tasks of a long cycle of artificial irradiation of plants and, in accordance with the latter, switching sections of optical radiation sources placed above the vegetation trays of each frame, according to the invention of the source section The optical radiation is divided into n groups with an equal number of sources, assigned to each section of the radiation sources and the wireframes of the number, then turn on for 8-15 hours alternately the radiation sources from the first to the nth group located above the vegetation trays of the even or odd-numbered wireframes, after Which in the same order, turn off the indicated sections of radiation sources with the same group numbers over frames with odd or even numbers for 8-15 hours , and these techniques are repeated cyclically.
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In Fig. 1 shows an installation for hydroponic growing of cucumbers; In Fig. 2 electric control scheme for radiation sources; In Fig. 3 and 4 - examples of the operation of the irradiation system; In Fig. 5 examples of the numbering of the radiation sections and the frames of the installation.
The greenhouse is equipped with a vegetation block, for example a hydroponic plant, containing triangular frames 1 arranged in rows with growing trays 2 for growing cucumbers 3. Above the vegetation trays 2 of each frame 1, the supports 5 are grouped in sections of optical radiation sources 4 equipped with light reflectors 6 and 10. The number of radiation sources 5 in each group and on each frame 1 is the same.
The operation of the luminaires 4 is controlled by the control cabinet 7 through the unit 8 and the power supply lines 9. The chambers "1", "2" and "3" show the connection circuits of the pairs of luminaires 4 placed over one vegetation block-frame 1. The positions 1 ', 2' 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', 7 ', 8', 9 ', 10', 11 ', 12', 13 'and 14' show the numbering of the hydroponic installation skeletons 1. The sign * shows the even numbers of the skeletons. The number 11 indicates the greenhouse fence.
METHOD OF WEB-TREATMENT OF PLANTS IN THE GREENHOUSE IS FOLLOWING AS THE FOLLOWING
Planted in trays 2 seedlings of cucumbers 3, except natural light, are irradiated 24 hours a day by artificial light. 4. To create the optimum light regime for plants, the spectral composition of the radiation fluxes is assigned the same and is determined by calculations for uniformity of irradiation of at least one stage of lamps. The basis for the separation of radiation sources 4 into groups is the principle of obtaining uniform irradiation in space and time at the minimum installed power. The operating mode of the luminaires 4 is programmed, and their switching on and off is controlled by the control cabinet 7 and the sectional unit 8 in the control cabinet. According to the operation schedule of the irradiation system ( Figures 3 and 4 ), the irradiation lamps 4 are alternately switched on for 8 to 15 hours. Experimentally confirmed to be rationally included for 11 13 hours, almost breaking the day into 2 parts.
Lamps are switched on in pairs 3, 2 and 1. After the prescribed exposure time, determined by the program, the 3 ", 2" and 1 "lamp grooves installed above the frameworks with a clear numbering switch on and turn off the same lamp pairs 4 over the frames 1 s Odd numbering ( Figure 2 ). Then this method is repeated cyclically.
The spectral composition of the light flux of radiation sources is chosen for the cucumber culture and, as a rule, the same. If necessary, the cultivation of different crops in the same volume may be different, and depends on the specific culture.
Application of the proposed method of planting plants in a greenhouse can reduce the power consumption of irradiation plants, increase the uniformity and lifetime of light sources, increase the yield of cucumbers by 5-8% .
CLAIM
A method for planting plants grown under protected soil conditions with the arrangement of vegetation trays on triangular skeletons arranged in rows, including setting the duration of the artificial plant irradiation cycle and, in accordance with the latter, switching sections of optical radiation sources placed above the vegetation trays of each skeleton and including the same number of sources, Characterized in that each section of optical radiation sources is assigned a corresponding serial number, the optical radiation sources of each section are divided into n groups comprising the same number of sources and having a corresponding numbering index, and the duration of the artificial plant irradiation cycle is set within 8-15 hours , wherein In the first irradiation cycle, the switching of the sections of the optical radiation sources is carried out by sequentially including, in the order of increasing numbering indices, all groups of optical radiation sources, or all even or odd sections, and in all subsequent irradiation cycles by sequentially deactivating the indicated sections of optical radiation sources in the reverse order and simultaneously Switching alternately in order of increasing numbering indices of all sections of the optical radiation sources cut off in the previous cycle.
print version
Date of publication 03.12.2006гг
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