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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2216919
METHOD OF EMBRYING THE INTENSIVE GARDEN
The name of the inventor: Kashin VI; Khromenko VV; Kartushin A.N .; Kondakov A.G.
The name of the patent holder: All-Russian Selection and Technology Institute of Horticulture and Nursery
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 2002.02.21
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to horticulture. The method includes planting in the garden on a permanent place of growth of rootstocks with their subsequent incubation and bending of lateral annual branches longer than 60 cm, and crown formation is limited to 4-5 m branching order. The method allows to form crowns with an early introduction into fruiting and a rapid increase in the yield. Reduces the cost of planting a garden, shaping the crown and increases productivity.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to horticulture.
There are known methods of cultivating intensive gardens with a dense planting of seedlings and the formation of crowns such as palmettes and cordons. The disadvantage of the known methods is that intensive orchards with dense planting are laid on clonal stocks that can not grow in different agro-climatic zones due to poor winter hardiness and drought resistance with a superficial bedding of the root system. On the seed stock, which has a deep-lying root system, the varieties are late in fruiting, only for 8-10 years, slowly increase the yield, only by 15-20 years of growth, have large crowns (see Trusevich GV Intensive horticulture. ., Rosselkhozizdat, 1978, pp. 93, 123-129).
The closest technical solution from known is the planting of seedlings and the formation of crowns from two horizontally located and diametrically directed branches and vertical branches with fruit formations (see patent of the Russian Federation No. 2072766, 1994, cl. A 01 G 1/00, bullet 4, 1997. A way of formation of a crown of fruit trees in intensive plantations - a prototype).
The disadvantage of this known method is that seedlings of varieties, especially those grafted on the seminal rootstock, while digging from the nursery retain slightly suction roots and when planted in the garden to a permanent place of growth, they take root for 1-2 years, do not have active growth, branch weakly and Tighten the beginning of the formation of the crown and the entry of trees into fruiting with a rapid increase in yield.
The objective of the invention is to provide conditions for the active growth and branching of the crown in the first years of the variety's growth, allowing the formation of crowns with early entry into fruiting and the rapid increase in yield, the formation of a fruiting zone at an altitude of no higher than 1.3-1.5 m , Reducing the cost of planting a garden and shaping the crown and high labor productivity at harvesting with high commercial qualities of fruits, reducing the consumption of pesticides with their efficient use on small trees.
The task is solved by the fact that in the method of cultivation of an intensive garden, including planting of plants and the formation of a crown from two diametrically directed and horizontally located branches and vertical branches with fruit formations, the stock is planted into a garden with a permanent place of growth, followed by their incubation and bending of the lateral annual branches Length more than 60 cm.
In addition, the task is solved by the fact that the formation of the crown is limited to the 4th-5th order of branching.
In the regulation of growth and fruiting processes, the biological features of fruit trees were used: active growth and branching of the crown in the first years of growth of grafted plants, formation of fruit formations on branches from the third order of branching.
The invention makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, which is expressed by the fact that when planting in a garden at a permanent place of growth of rootstocks, their rooting takes place in the soil before the budding of the variety begins, and the grafted plants start growing on the rooted rootstock, due to which already in the first years of growth have an active Growth and branching of the crown.
The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that a rootstock is planted on a permanent place of growth with subsequent budding and bending of lateral annual branches longer than 60 cm. Consequently, the claimed technical solution is novel.
The claimed technical solution has an inventive step, as it is not obvious to specialists in this field, but is the result of creative actions established by the authors in the process of scientific research and experiments to study the growth and fruiting of apple trees.
The proposed method of cultivation of an intensive garden can be realized in conditions of both industrial, and farmer and amateur gardening.
Example. The experiment was carried out on the experimental basis of VESTIP on the seed root apple tree of Antonovka vulgaris and varieties vaccinated on it: Spartan, Zhigulevskoye, Veteran, Spartak, RL-7, Kulikovskoe, DA-6517, differing in speed, intensity of growth and type of fruiting.
In the spring of 1994 the stock was planted in the garden to a permanent place of growth according to the scheme of 4x1.5 m with a density of planting 1667 trees per 1 hectare and a nursery for growing seedlings. In the summer they were vouched for grades. In the autumn of 1995, annual plants were dug from the nursery and planted in the garden according to the same scheme. Repeatability is 5-fold, in the experience of 70 trees.
When branching the crown, two diametrically directed lateral branches, longer than 60 cm long, were selected and branched horizontally to the stakes set at a distance of 50-60 cm from the stem. The remaining lateral branches and the central conductor were removed. From the side buds on horizontal branches vertical shoots have grown. In summer, when the horizontal branches were fixed, the stakes were removed.
In the spring of 1997 vertical branches were left on horizontal branches with an interval of 15-20 cm and shortened them at a height of 60-80 cm, and all small overgrown branches were preserved. In the summer, branches of the 3rd order of branching formed on all branches, capable of laying fruit buds.
In the spring of 1998, all the new growth formations growing vertically were removed and preserved growth formations growing horizontally, in which formations of the 4th-5th order of branching, laying fruit buds, were formed in the summer.
In the following years, all newly emerging growths were removed and branches not exceeding the 5th order of branching, having fruit buds and retaining active growth, the necessary conditions for the formation of a high-quality commercial crop, and the fruiting zone is formed at an altitude of no higher than 1.3-1, 5 m.
With the well-known method of cultivation of an intensive garden, all varieties entered fruiting at the 7th year after planting the rootstocks in the nursery and, on average, the total yield was 3.1 kg from the tree and 5.2 tonnes from 1 ha, and the maximum yield was in the variety Spartak 9.5 tons with 1 hectare.
With the proposed method for cultivating an intensive garden, most varieties entered fruiting 2 years earlier and the average yield for the varieties was 9.1 kg from the tree and 15.2 tonnes from 1 ha, and the maximum yield was in the variety DA-6517 and was 29 T with 1 hectare. The effectiveness of the proposed method of cultivation of an intensive garden was 292%, and in some varieties 533%.
The invention is explained by the table.
CLAIM
1. The method of cultivation of an intensive garden, including the planting and subsequent shaping of the crown of each tree from two diametrically oriented and horizontally located branches and vertical branches with fruit formations, characterized by the fact that the garden is planted with a constant growing place with rootstocks, followed by their incubation, and the formation Crowns begin with bending lateral branches longer than 60 cm.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the crown is limited to 4-5 m by the branching order.
print version
Date of publication 08.03.2007gg
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