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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2152146
METHOD OF PHYTOMILIATION OF THE UNDERGROUND HORIZON OF SOILS
The name of the inventor: Zinkovsky VN; Kovalev N.G.
The name of the patent holder: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Lands
Address for correspondence: 171330, Tver, p / o Emmaus, VNIIMZ
The effective date of the patent: 1998.08.24
The invention can be used in agriculture and relates to methods for melioration of mineral weakly permeable soils. The method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils consists in loosening of the arable layer with the simultaneous formation of slots in the subsoil layer and filling them with a loose concentrated organic fertilizer. In this case, the interspace of the arable layer is sown with annual or perennial crops with a well-developed root system. The positive effect is to increase the fertility of mineral soils by phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils, aimed at complex improvement of its water-physical and agrochemical properties.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for treating soil, in particular to methods for meliorating mineral low water - permeable soils.
There is a known method of tillage - vertical mulching (Vertical mulching of soil, Encyclopedic reference book "Melioration", Minsk, 1984, pp. 57-58), consisting in deep loosening of weakly permeable soils (by 50-80 cm) by cutting slits and filling them with mulching material (Straw, peat, sawdust, stubble residues, etc.), serving as a layer for the vertical discharge of surplus soil water. Vertical mulching provides a long-term (up to 5-10 years) improvement in the water-air regime of wetlands. But despite the improvement of the water-air regime of the soil, the vertical mulching with the above-mentioned materials does not sufficiently stimulate the penetration of root systems into the subsoil horizon due to the practical lack of available nutrients in it, whereas the indicator of improving the agrochemical properties of the subsoil horizon is the active penetration and development of root systems in it Agricultural crops.
There is a known method for tillage (AS USSR No. 873909, cl. A 01 B 79/00, 1978, prototype), consisting of loosening of arable and subsoil layers and formation of slits in the subsoil layer, which in the vertical section are made of diamond-shaped shape, compulsory Filling their soil with arable layer. This method of soil cultivation allows to increase the depth of the fertile layer to some extent due to infertility by creating more favorable conditions for the development of the root system of plants in the subsoil layer, however, the above described method has the following drawbacks:
1) the soil filling the cracks contributes to moisture accumulation, and for unsustainable wet soils there are unsatisfactory conditions of the air-water regime for the development of root systems in the sub-plow layer;
2) the filling of the cracks in the fertile soil of the arable layer significantly reduces its thickness, which is especially negative for soils of the Non-chernozem zone, where one of the main problems in agriculture is the search for ways to increase the thickness of the arable horizon;
3) the filling of the cracks by the soil facilitates the rapid "closing" of interspecific sites and does not ensure a long-term improvement in the water-air regime of the soil, which will require re-cultivation of the soil with the cutting of the cracks in a short time. This circumstance significantly increases the energy consumption for land reclamation.
The above disadvantages do not provide favorable conditions for the active development of the root system of plants in the subsoil layer in order to substantially increase the depth of the fertile layer.
The problem solved by this invention is to increase the fertility of mineral soils by phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils aimed at complex improvement of its water-physical and agrochemical properties.
The problem set forth in the invention is solved as follows. In the method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils, including loosening of the arable layer with the simultaneous formation of slots in the subsoil layer and filling them with mulching material, it is proposed to use the free-flowing concentrated organic fertilizer as the mulching material and to sow the inter-zonal space with annual or perennial crops with a well-developed root system.
Filling the slits with a loose concentrated organic material and sowing inter-slit space with annual or perennial crops make it possible to solve the complex task of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon by simultaneously optimizing the conditions of the water, air and food regimes of the soil for the root system of plants at a depth of 50 cm and more, while retaining at the initial stage And a gradual annual increase in the thickness of the subsoil layer, which in turn increases the fertility of mineral soils.
Due to the nutrients of organic fertilizer, active penetration of the root system of plants into the entire depth of the gaps occurs. It is the free-flowing concentrated organic fertilizer that is able to nourish the roots at the entire depth of the gap during a long period of cultivation of reclaimed lands.
In the long-term process, the root system of cultivated crops, penetrating into the soil layers bordering on the slit simultaneously with the entry into these layers of nutrient elements released from organic fertilizers, produces a long-term reclamation of the entire interplanar space, improving the physical properties and enrichment of the subsoil layer with the organic matter of dying off Roots.
Long-term reclamation leads to a reduction in energy costs for its renewal.
As a result of the above circumstances, it is possible to significantly increase the fertility of mineral soils.
The claimed invention is illustrated by a drawing. The figure shows the soil on which the method of phytomelioration of its subsoil layer has been implemented.
The method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils includes the following operations:
- loosening of the arable layer with the simultaneous formation in the subsoil layer of the gaps and filling them with a loose concentrated organic fertilizer;
- inoculation of interspace with annual or perennial cultures with a well-developed root system.
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The method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils is carried out as follows. The loosening of the arable fertile layer 1 is carried out simultaneously, in the subplaited infertile layer 2 slots 3 are cut and filled with loose concentrated organic fertilizer 4. The inter-gap space 5 is inoculated with annual or perennial crops, 6 whose root system 7 actively penetrates the layers of the subsoil horizon 2 bordering the slit 3 Due to the consumption of available nutrients entering these layers by migrating a nutritious aqueous solution of organic fertilizer therein. The claimed method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils allows to significantly increase the fertility of mineral weakly permeable soils. |
CLAIM
The method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils, including loosening of the arable layer with the simultaneous formation of slots in the subsoil layer and filling them with mulching material, characterized in that the mulch material is a free-flowing concentrated organic fertilizer, and the intergrowth space of the arable layer is sown with annual or perennial crops with well developed Root system.
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
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