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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2066949

How to prepare nutrient substrate for crops oyster mushrooms

How to prepare nutrient substrate
For crops oyster mushrooms

Name of the inventor: Lavigne PI .; Mukhin VA .; Metelkin AV .; Naritsin NM .; Slobodenyuk VK .; Titova LG
The name of the patentee: Limited Liability Company Scientific Innovation Enterprise "APT-Ecology"
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1992.03.09

Usage: AGRICULTURE and biotechnology, in particular for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. The inventive nutrient substrate is prepared by aqueous extraction of vegetable raw materials initially at a temperature of 60 o C, with a ratio of plant matter extract and 1: 6.5, then the resulting slurry is subjected to high pressure of 4.8 × 10 5 Pa at a temperature of 150 o C to for 30 - 35 minutes, after which the slurry is centrifuged, separating the water.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to mycology, namely substrates for growing seed mycelium and fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom.

Known nutrient substrate for the cultivation of mushroom mycelium and the method of its preparation and on. from. USSR N 835365. The substrate includes a dry grain of wheat or millet 9,1-15,9 35,7-47,1%% expanded clay plaster 0.3-0.5% chalk - 0.1-0.2% water rest. In the known method grain saturated with water, tenderize, expanded clay are added to seethe, and the mixture is boiled for 5-10 minutes, cooled, mixed with gypsum, chalk and sterilized.

Known breeding ground for the cultivation of edible mushroom mycelium by AS USSR N 1099891. The medium contains as a nutritional component of buckwheat husks 60,0-70,0% chalk 2.5-3.5% 9.5-10.5% gypsum pellet else.

Known breeding ground for the cultivation of edible mushroom mycelium in a. from. USSR N 1205828. The medium contains as a nutrient-dried and pulverized fly larvae sinatropnyh 1,53-3,12% 1,04-1,28% starch expanded clay plaster 58,28-71,54% 0,03-0 05% chalk - 0.03-0.05% water rest.

Notable among seed for mycelium of edible mushrooms on AS USSR N 1407445. The medium contains polyethylene 30,0-60,0% sawdust hardwood 25,0-63,0% dry potato nutritional supplement food or a mixture of dry feed with potato protein-free potato juice concentrate 7,0-25,0%

Known breeding ground for the cultivation of seeds mushroom mycelium in a. from. N 1512520, wherein the culture medium used waste hydrolysis-agar production Juodka (prototype of claim 1).

Known nutrient substrate for the cultivation of mycelium of edible mushrooms on AS USSR N 1576063, containing 0.3-0.5% gypsum, 0.1-0.2% of chalk as filler scoria 49,3-69,6%, and as a source of food elements in an amount of chlorella 30.0 -50.0% based on the raw biomass.

There is a method of preparation of nutrient substrate for the cultivation of seed oyster mushroom mycelium by AS USSR N 1593586, in which as a nutrient source used potato tops.

Known breeding ground for the cultivation of seed inoculum wood-destroying fungi at AS USSR N 1602411. medium contains as comminuted wood waste vine 20-300 g per 1 liter of medium Sucrose 10-30 g / l, 0.1% yeast autolysate 5.1 g / l and 6% beer neohmelennoe - tion wort up to 1 liter. Experiments were conducted on growing planting inoculum Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Panes tigrinus.

A composition of nutrient substrate and a method of its preparation for the cultivation of mushroom mycelium (Panov MA "Growing mushrooms" M. 1956, p. 32-36). The method includes boiling oatmeal 25-30 min. Then filter the broth and add the agar-agar in the following ratio, wt. 8.9 oat flour, agar-agar 1.8 89.3 water, the mixture was poured into a flask and sterilized.

Known nutrient substrate and its production method ( "Vegetable" Transactions, v. 77. Kishinev, 1971, p. 47-54) for the cultivation of mushroom mycelium, in which cereal grains are boiled or hover for 15 minutes and then added to the gypsum and chalk in the following ratio, weight chalk 0.2 59.6 water, the mixture was poured into a flask and sterilized.

Known breeding ground for the cultivation of edible mushroom mycelium (Dubkov IA et al., "Oyster", Kiev, "Naukova Dumka", 1976, pp. 25-26), which contains sunflower husk 26-36% soybean meal 0.5 1.5% chalk - 2.5-3.5% wheat bran else.

Known nutrient medium (Wissenschaft 1971, N 1m c. 19-27) for the cultivation of mycelium containing 33% perlite, chalk gypsum 2% 5% 60% wheat bran

There is a method of growing fruit bodies of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), including blank otrubkov hardwood, inoculated with mycelium of the fungus, placing them sprouted mycelium in soils (AS USSR N 1007604).

Known substrate for mushroom cultivation and its production method according to AS USSR N 1083960. The substrate includes wheat straw bird droppings 30-40% 30-40% 10-15% lignin water the rest. Wheat straw is soaked with water to 65-75% moisture Digest 34,0-38,0% of the weight of poultry manure with the entire volume of hydrolytic lignin for 1.5-2 months, after which the resulting mixture is introduced into fermentable with the remaining part of avian straw manure at the time of the second cutaways and implement their joint fermentation, with humidity of 65-75%

Known substrate for the cultivation of edible mushrooms and oyster mushroom on. from. USSR N 1242050 (prototype according to claim 2), wherein the substrate using waste cotton production of nuts and fluff the second pass.

There is a method of growing oyster mushroom on otrubkah hardwood (Wessly E. Schweizerische Leitschrift for Pilznurale, 1969, N 47, p. 4-12), in which the hardwood infect vaccination mycelium.

There is a method of growing oyster mushroom ( "Oyster mushroom", Kiev, 1976, pp. 10-11), according to which the felled trees are divided into otrubki, soak them in water, placed in a trench and implement inoculation, then in 1-2 months otrubki transfer plantation and buried on the third part of the earth.

Known substrate for mushroom cultivation ( "Industrial cultivation of edible fungi", Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1978, pp 61-64.) Containing cereal straw, composted with the addition of mineral fertilizers in the following proportions: 1 ton of straw 20 kg of calcium carbonate, 20 calcium cyanamide kg, 30 kg of calcium sulphate, 10 kg urea.

Known substrate for the cultivation of edible mushrooms oyster mushroom at a stalemate. Hungary N 458985 of production waste with no economic value.

The disadvantages are the closest analog:

  • Low growth process of the mycelium;
  • low yield of mycelial biomass weight unit sustrata.

. The disadvantages of the prototype according to claim 2 (AS USSR N 1242050) are:

  • the relatively low yield of fruiting bodies;
  • Low growth process of fruiting bodies.

The aim of the invention is to increase the biomass yield of mycelium and the acceleration of the growth process.

In addition, the object of the invention is to increase the productivity of oyster mushroom, and the acceleration of the growth process of fruiting bodies.

To achieve this goal as a nutrient substrate for the cultivation of seed spawn and substrate for growing fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom using solid fraction (raffinate), which is a waste of production phytoextracts obtained when the extraction and heat treatment.

The essential difference between the proposed invention is as follows:

technical solutions meet the criteria of the invention "novelty", because them as a substrate bases using new object raffinate waste products in the preparation of biologically active substances of plant extract condensed (Erakonda).

In the prior art as a substrate (or culture media) used grain cereals, hardwood, tops, straw cereals, husk, bran and husk, sawdust, hardwood, expanded clay, scoria, shredded vine or waste cotton production waste hydrolysis-agar production.

Positive (sverhsummarny) the effect is as follows: compared to the prior art are eliminated valuable food commodity grain cereals and fodder, which simplifies the process of growing mycelium by stimulating the growth processes; raffinate excluded additional sterilization technology as the technology of its receipt at high temperature and pressure provides its original sterility.

The method allows to increase productivity by improving the growth processes.

Preparation raffinate: comminuted plant material, for example to the linear dimensions of 5-8 mm and placed in a mixer. Simultaneously extractant fed into the mixer. biomass ratio of vegetable raw material and extractant of 1: 6.5. The resulting mixture was fed to the extractor dispersant, where the extraction at a temperature of 60 o C. The thus obtained slurry is fed into the pulp storage tank, from where it is pumped to the processed measuring tanks and pressurized 4,8h10 5 Pa at a temperature of 150 o C in for 30/35 minutes. Then, the pressure level is reset to 1,0h10 5 Pa, the pulp is cooled to 50 o C and the precipitation is separated by centrifuge raffinate and extract. The raffinate enters the raffinate collection and later used for the cultivation of mycelium and fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom.

Substrate in the following manner

The raffinate is packaged in glass jars with a capacity of 2-3 l humidified 1 L of tap water. Banks closed parchment paper and sterilized in an autoclave for 1 hour at 1.0 atm and cooled. Prepared in this way the raffinate, which is a substrate for the cultivation of mycelium is inoculated with the culture of the fungus. The inoculum was grown on the microbiological environment, which includes: neohmelennoe wort 15 o B 200 ml agar 20 g, 800 ml tap water. Inoculum medium was heated to completely dissolve the agar and dispensed into test tubes in 3.5 ml. The tubes were closed with cotton swabs and sterilized in an autoclave for 30 minutes at 0.5 atm. After cooling, the medium produce its inoculation of the fungus mycelium oyster mushroom, for example Pleurotus ostcatus or Pleurotus paemonarruis. Transfer inoculum produced on a substrate in a box. Mycelium growing on wort agar is transferred to the substrate in the banks. Banks close parchment paper and placed in a room where are stored on racks under normal room conditions. Full fouling substrate mycelium occur in about two weeks.

The resulting method described planting material used for further cultivation of the fruit bodies.

Cultured mycelia sterile uniformly applied to the raffinate layer 4-5 cm high, placed in plastic containers. Top layer and bottom layer mycelium raffinate distributed topsheet raffinate height of 5-6 cm. Containers closed with a lid and placed on racks in a row in the room for cultivation at +23, +26 o C. This condition is maintained containers 30 days, then to stimulate the formation of fruiting bodies of shelving placed in a specially equipped room temperature decreases up to 3-5 o C. After holding the containers in cold weather mode racks are returned to the room to grow, open the lid, set the temperature at +24 o C and light incandescent bulbs with the expectation of providing irradiation raffinate surface intensity at 1-1.5 thousand. suite. After harvesting, the 1st generation 40-45 day containers kept in a predetermined mode for two weeks before the 2nd generation fungi and subsequent harvesting.

mushroom cultivation oyster mushroom substrate on the proposed more economical than on substrates made of straw, leaves, corncobs and other agricultural waste.

Compared with the prior art, the use as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of oyster mushroom mycelium inoculum solids in processing plant materials to reduce production costs of the finished product by the use of a material which is production waste.

Along with the possibility of obtaining a sufficiently high yields of valuable edible mushroom oyster mushroom simultaneously solve the problem of cleaning the surrounding environment by nonchemical biological recycling of production waste

CLAIM

A method for preparing a nutritious substrate for growing culture of oyster mushroom which comprises treating the plant material, characterized in that the processing plant raw material by the water extraction is performed first at 60 o C, at a ratio of plant matter extract and 1: 6.5, and then the resulting pulp is subjected to Effects of high pressure of 4.8 × 10 5 Pa at a temperature of 150 ° C for 30 35 minutes, after which the pulp was centrifuged.

print version
Publication date 11.03.2007gg