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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2158074
METHOD OF GROWING edible mushroom AND A SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT
Name of the inventor: Garbuz VM .; Alekseeva KL .; Litvinov SS
The name of the patentee: Garbuz Vladimir M.; Ksenia Alekseeva L.; Stanislav Litvinov S.
Address for correspondence: 141153, Moscow region, Ramenskoye district, p / o Vereya, Building 500, VNIIO, the patent office.
Starting date of the patent: 1999.04.12
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing mushrooms. Prepare the substrate, disinfected, inoculated with mycelium. Then there are the stage of germination mycelium, mushroom fruiting and fruiting bodies at a given temperature and humid mode, in which the substrate has a cooling phase from the mycelium, and the collection at the end of each stage of fruiting fungi sprouted. After cooling phase for the second and subsequent stages of fruit with irrigation at least once make epibrassinolide in an amount of 0.001 - 0.01 ml / m 2. At the beginning of the third stage of fruit before the cooling phase in the amount of lignin contribute 3-20% of the substrate volume. During fruit formation and fruiting in at least one of steps performed daily air ion treatment, contacting the substrate and / or air sparged through the substrate. A and system for growing edible mushrooms on the described method. The invention improves the efficiency of mushroom cultivation process and increase productivity while reducing the time all stages of cultivation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the methods and means of mushroom cultivation.
There is a method of growing edible fungi, including preparation and disinfection of the substrate, seeding it with mycelium, its germination stage, the stage of fruit and fruiting (Aliyev EA, NA Smirnov technology of cultivation of vegetables and mushrooms in greenhouses. M .: Agropromizdat , 1987). However, this method is not efficient enough.
The closest to the claimed is a method of growing edible fungi, including preparation and disinfection of the substrate, seeding substrate mycelium stage of its germination and stages of fruit and fruiting of mushroom bodies at a given moisture and temperature regime in which there is a substrate cooling phase from the mycelium, and the collection at the end of each stage of fruiting fungi germinated (Darakov S. mushroom garden - and the health and income of M. Topical., 1995). But the experiments and showed a lack of effectiveness of this method.
In the above information sources and provides information about the system for the cultivation of edible mushrooms, including successive in-line separation of preparation and disinfection of the substrate unit for filling the substrate and mycelium cells for cultivation of mushrooms, the growing separation, cryogenic chamber, the separation of fruit and fruiting, and the growing separation and separation of fruit and fruiting are provided with respective automatic climate control systems. But she is not sufficiently effective.
The technical result of the invention concerning the method and apparatus is to improve efficiency and increase productivity while reducing the time of growing phase.
This technical result concerning the method is solved in that a preparation and disinfecting a substrate, seeding substrate mycelium stage of its germination and stages of fruit and fruiting of mushroom bodies at a given moisture and temperature regime in which there is a substrate cooling phase from the mycelium, and the collection at the end of each germinated fungi fruiting stage, and after the cooling phase for the second and subsequent stages of fruit with irrigation at least once make epibrassinolide in an amount of 0.001 - 0.01 ml / m, and in the early stages of fruit third cooling phase before making the lignin in an amount of 3 - 20% of the volume of the substrate, and during fruit formation and fruiting in at least one stage is carried out daily air ion treatment, contacting the substrate and / or air sparged through the substrate.
The duration of the cooling phase is 2 - 5 days at a temperature of 4 - 17 o C.
A process of preparing a substrate it is passed through a disintegrator.
A relative of the system said process result is achieved by the fact that it includes the successive in-line separation of preparation and disinfection of the substrate unit for filling the substrate and mycelium cells for cultivation of mushrooms, the growing separation, cryogenic chamber, the separation of fruit and fruiting, and the growing separation and separation of fruit and fruit-bearing are provided with respective automatic control systems, climate, and it and equipped with a system air ionization unit supplying lignin and placed later in the process line with at least one additional pair arranged in series cryogenic chamber and separating the fruiting and fruit-bearing, but also separation of a partial or complete disinfection spent substrate separation substrate preparation for feeding, each chamber for growing designed as a platform from below in which there are wheels, and the side surface is made of vertical generators and grid and covered by a removable flexible enclosure top has a lid chamber and on chamber centered vertically perforated pipe installed, height which exceeds the height of the camera to communicate with the cavity of the air outlet pipe ionization system, nozzle system of automatic control of irrigation and output unit microclimate lignin supply unit placed in the respective compartments.
A Department of preparation and disinfection of the substrate is provided with a disintegrator.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for the cultivation of edible mushrooms,
FIG. 2 - side view cameras for cultivation.
edible mushroom cultivation method is implemented by means of the relevant system, including successive in-line separation 1 preparation and disinfection of the substrate, the separation of 2 to fill the substrate and mycelium cells for cultivation of mushrooms, the growing branch 3, a cryogenic chamber 4, Department 5 of fruit and fruiting, and the growing compartment 3 and 5 compartment of fruit and fruiting are provided with respective automatic climate control system (not shown). It is equipped with a system 6 of air ionization, the feed unit 7 lignin and placed later in the process line with at least one additional pair arranged in series cryogenic chamber 4 'and the branch 5' fruit formation and fruiting, and and separating 8 partial or complete decontamination waste substrate compartment 9 preparing the substrate for feeding, each chamber 10 to grow is formed as a platform 11, from the bottom in which there are the wheels 12 and the side surface is made of vertical generators 13 and mesh 14 and covered by a removable flexible cover 15, the top chamber 10 has a cover 16, and Central chamber 10 vertically mounted perforated pipe 17 whose height exceeds the height of the chamber, to communicate the cavity of the tube 17 with the output system 6, the air ionization nozzle irrigation unit (not shown) of the automatic control system microclimate and supply output unit 7 lignin placed in respective offices. And the cooking compartment 1 and disinfection of the substrate is provided with a disintegrator (not shown).
The process when the system is implemented as follows. The components for the substrate for a specific type of fungi (eg mushrooms - straw, chicken manure, lignin and water, the authors refer to communication from the USSR 1083960 07/04/84, see the book Darakova O. -..... A prototype, etc.) mixed thoroughly ground in a compartment 1. The grinding is advantageously carried out with a disintegrator such as electrohydraulic crusher Yutkina or other, achieving the desired degree of comminution. Further compost maintained in a known, interrupting periodically and disinfected by steam or by electrical means is known in the art. The deck 2 is carried filling chamber 10 for cultivating mushroom mycelium and substrate, which is realized by supplying the substrate into the required humidity chambers 10 simultaneously with the mycelium, which acts on the corresponding conveyor-proportioner (not shown) on the loading device and further into chambers 10. Simultaneously, as necessary, contribute in substrate biostimulants and other additives. After filling each of the chambers 10, it is covered with a lid 16 and moved in a growth compartment 3 having a corresponding system microclimate for a period averaging 15 - 25 days (depending on the fungal culture) with an average humidity of 75 - 80%, a temperature of 26 o C and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the 0.1 - 2%. Thereafter, the camera 10 is moved in a cryogenic chamber 4 for 2 - 5 days with air at 4 - 17 o C (depending on the culture) and remove the flexible cover 15 and the cover 16 of each chamber 10, then the camera 10 is moved in compartment 5 fruiting and fructification, where the standard method is carried out further germination of fungi, but here it is advisable to carry out daily air ion treatment of air in contact with the substrate and / or blown through the substrate, and the ionized air from the system 6 may be provided both on a tube 17 into the chamber 10 and pass through the substrate mycelium, and "wash" substrate top aeroinov concentration may be with up to 5000000 / cc. See, humidity 70 - 85%, temperature 17 - 22 o C, it should be noted that these parameters correspond to the data given in the book. Darakova O. - ie prototype. At 25 - 35 day starts the first gathering of mushrooms, then culture provide "rest" and move into the second cryogenic chamber 4 'to a specified period of 2 - 5 days with this temperature and then - in a second compartment 5' for subsequent fruiting and fruiting, and with irrigation, in this case through the pipe 17 is made epibrassinolide (Appin) (sm. list of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use in the Russian Federation, the supplement to the journal "the protection and quarantine of plants", of N 5, 1998 p. 188) in the amount of 0,001 - 0.01 ml / m (based surface chamber 10). Make it can be one or more times, then the next stage cryogenic treatment and germination and fruiting carried out as in section 4 and 5, again collect mushrooms and again provide the appropriate "rest" the substrate, after which begins the third stage of the cultivation, the beginning of which in the substrate and through the pipe 17, making the lignin in an amount of 3 - 20% of the substrate volume in chamber 10 and can be repeated introduction Appin as described above with said passage chamber 10 stages 4 'and 5' as long as there is an output of finished product - fungi . Thereafter, the exhaust branch substrate 8, rich in nutrients, disinfected, e.g., by steam or electricity, while in compartment 9 it is prepared for feeding, for example, making the necessary additives as amino acids, vitamins, etc. After that, full of mushrooms growing cycle is repeated. The use of these method and system allows a high degree of efficiency and productivity of producing mushroom cultivation.
CLAIM
1. A method for cultivation of edible fungi, including preparation and disinfection of the substrate, seeding substrate mycelium, its germination stage and the stage of fruit and mushroom fruiting bodies at a given temperature and humid mode, in which the substrate has a cooling phase from the mycelium, and the collection at the end of each stage of fruiting germinated fungi, characterized in that after the cooling phase for the second and subsequent stages of fruit with irrigation at least once make epibrassinolide in an amount of 0.001 - 0.01 ml / m 2, and at the beginning of the third stage of fruit before the cooling phase to make a lignin an amount of 3-20% by volume of the substrate, and during the fruiting and fruit formation, at least one of steps performed daily air ion treatment, contacting the substrate and / or air sparged through the substrate.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the duration of cooling phase 2 -. 5 days at a temperature of 4 - 17 o C.
3. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that during the preparation of the substrate it is passed through a disintegrator.
4. A system for the cultivation of edible mushrooms, including successive in-line separation of preparation and disinfection of the substrate, the separation of the substrate to fill the chambers and the mycelium for cultivation of mushrooms, the growing separation, cryogenic chamber, the separation of fruit and fruiting, and the growing separation and separation of fruit and fruiting are provided with respective automatic control systems microclimate, characterized in that it is provided with a system of air ionization unit supplying lignin and placed later in the process line, at least one additional pair arranged in series cryogenic chamber and separating the fruiting and fruit-bearing, but also separation of a partial or complete decontamination of waste of the substrate with the separation of substrate preparation for feeding, each chamber for growing designed as a platform from below in which there are wheels, and the side surface is made of vertical generators and grid and covered by a removable flexible cover, the top chamber has a lid, wherein at center of the chamber perforated pipe installed vertically, the height of which exceeds the height of the camera to communicate with the cavity of the air outlet pipe ionization system, nozzle system of automatic control of irrigation and output unit microclimate lignin supply unit disposed in the respective compartments.
5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the separation and preparation of the substrate provided with decontaminating disintegrator.
print version
Publication date 11.03.2007gg
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