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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2114326
METHOD OF TRANSFORMATION IN A JET INJETTING THE FLOW ENERGY
IN THERMAL ENERGY
The name of the inventor: Fisenko Vladimir Vladimirovich
The name of the patent holder: Fisenko Vladimir Vladimirovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.12.30
The method can be used to heat the pumped medium. In a two-phase flow, a supersonic flow regime is formed, and then a two-phase flow is inhibited by the formation of a pressure jump in it, with a transition in a pressure jump of a two-phase flow into a liquid flow with microscopic vapor-gas bubbles and heating of the liquid during the step-wise conversion of a two-phase flow into a liquid flow. This method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of using the energy of the stream.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of jet technology, mainly to jet and pump-ejector plants, which can be used to heat the pumped medium while simultaneously organizing its transportation or circulation.
A method is known for converting the energy of a stream into thermal energy by converting the kinetic energy of the stream into thermal energy by the friction of the fluid against the walls of the profiled channel (SU, Aut.S. 631761, cl. F 25 B 29/00, 1978).
In this method, by pumping liquid through specially shaped channels, the liquid is heated. However, in this method, it is not possible to effectively convert mechanical energy into thermal energy, which leads to an insufficiently high conversion efficiency and, as a consequence, to the lack of wide use of installations based on this method.
Another method is known for converting the energy of a stream into a thermal energy in a jet installation, including the transformation of a single-phase liquid stream into a two-phase and subsequent reverse transformation of the flow into a single-phase flow by slowing the flow with increasing pressure in it, accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the liquid stream (Petrov VI, Chebaevskii V .F., Cavitation in high-speed vane pumps .-- M: Mechanical Engineering, 1982, p. 5).
This method of transformation is closest to the invention in terms of the technical essence and the result achieved. In this method of energy conversion, fluid heating is carried out by intensive compression of steam-gas cavitation caverns as the pressure in the flow increases, accompanied by "thermodynamic" heating of the compressed gas and from the last liquid as a source of heat transfer. However, the intensity of the transition of a two-phase flow to a single-phase flow, which usually passes in the smoothly expanding channels, is not large enough, due to which there are various kinds of losses and incomplete utilization of the internal energy of the single-phase flow into the two-phase and backflows, which significantly reduces the effect of liquid heating.
The object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of using the energy of the stream when converting its energy into thermal energy of heating the pumped liquid.
The above object is achieved in that in a method of converting a flow energy into a heat energy into a heat energy device, including converting a single-phase liquid stream into a two-phase and subsequent reverse flow transformation into a single-phase flow by stopping the flow with increasing pressure therein, accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the liquid stream, the two-phase flow is accelerated Before the organization of a supersonic flow regime of a two-phase flow, and then, by slowing down the flow, a pressure jump with a sharp transition in a pressure jump of a two-phase flow into a practically single-phase flow is organized, with the process of converting the two-phase flow into a single-phase additional heat pulse. Further growth of the heat pulse can be achieved due to the fact that the liquid that is used to produce heat is pre-degassed.
As is known from the law of conservation of energy for a fluid flow, in which the origin of coordinates continuously coincides with the cent of the gravity of the moving fluid element and, consequently, the latter is motionless relative to the coordinate system, it follows (for 1 kg of liquid)
Dg = di - vdp + dg mp , (1)
Where
G is the total heat or total energy of the liquid element;
I is the enthalpy of the fluid element;
V is the volume of the liquid element;
P is the pressure in the liquid flow;
G is the friction energy of the liquid element.
Taking into account that di = du + d (pv), (2)
Where
U is the internal energy of the fluid element, and 
Where
K is the isentropic index of the compressible liquid, the total amount of heat that can be obtained in an adiabatically isolated system can be represented in the following form: 
In the case when the flow of a purely liquid k _ 
(Real for water 
, And dv = 0
Dq = dq tr
This is exactly what we see in the technical solution for aut.sv. USSR N 631761.
The situation is different in the flow of a homogeneous two-phase mixture which, from the gasdynamic point of view, is a compressible and even more compressible medium than pure gas and the isentropic index in it is a function of the isentropic index of the gas and the volume ratio of the phases in the mixture (Fisenko VV Critical two-phase flows .-M: Atomizdat, 1978) and depending on the volume ratio of the phases (for water), under usual conditions the isentropic coefficient will vary from k = 22000 (liquid flow) to k = 1.285 (gas flow) (Fig.
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Thus, taking into account the foregoing and equation (4), it can be seen that the quantity k will determine the amount of heat that can be produced in the two-phase system. In connection with this, it is clear that the increase in heat produced during the transition of the flow from a single-phase liquid to a two-phase and vice versa, which is observed in the technical solution closest to the described invention.
However, studies have shown that the mechanism of transition to a two-phase state, the mechanism of flow in a two-phase state and the mechanism of transition to a single-phase state are of great importance. The homogeneity of the resulting two-phase flow is of great importance, which is achieved due to the fact that during the conversion of a single-phase flow into a two-phase flow, it accelerates to a supersonic speed, and acceleration to a supersonic speed allows for a wider range to vary the gas content of the stream at lower energy costs. Equally important for increasing the efficiency of heat generation is the process of braking the flow with the flow into a substantially single-phase or, more precisely, a liquid flow with microscopic vapor-gas bubbles.
In the process of braking in a two-phase flow, a pressure jump with a decrease in speed to a subsonic value is organized. Proportional increase in pressure increases the amount of liquid phase, and a sharp increase in pressure (spasmodic growth) leads to a structural rearrangement in the liquid, which contributes to the allocation of more heat compared to the closest analog. Further release of heat will occur mainly in the heat-generating device, for example, a water heating battery, as the microscopic vapor-gas bubbles collapse in the liquid flow, due to additional braking of the flow.
It should be noted that it is possible to organize the first stage of the transformation, namely, the stage of transformation of the liquid into a two-phase flow, since this transformation can be carried out by electrolysis, when the gas phase in the liquid flow arises from the effect of electricity on it, Release of the gas phase, it is possible to heat the fluid flow and, as described above, geometrically affect the flow, when the flow of the liquid is organized in a strictly profiled channel, which allows a predetermined way to change the pressure in the flow and the flow velocity. In this case, it is advisable to convert the liquid flow into a two-phase flow in a constriction made in the form of a perforated plate (grid) with a predetermined number of holes and a cross-section of these openings.
Thus, the described method of converting the energy of a stream into thermal energy makes it possible to achieve the stated task: to increase the heating of the liquid without increasing the energy supplied, i.e. Increase the efficiency of energy conversion.
In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an installation in which the described energy conversion method can be implemented; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one of the jet devices in which the liquid flow transformations described above can be performed with the pressure (P), velocity (W) , And gas content 
Flow along the jet device, FIG. 3 shows the variation of the isentropic coefficient change from gas content change ( * ) And in FIG. 4 shows the dependence of the change in the coefficient A as a function of the change in the isentropic coefficient.
The jet apparatus for implementing the described conversion method comprises a pump 1 connected to an output to the jet device-a heat generator 2, which is connected to a fuel-generating device 3, for example, a water heating radiator of a room. The heat-generating device 3 is in turn connected to the inlet of the pump 1 and to the jet device 2.
The installation in which the described energy conversion method is implemented operates as follows.
Pump 1 supplies liquid to the jet device - heat generator 2. Upon entering the heat generator 2, the liquid flow between sections I and II (Fig. 2), flowing through the constriction, accelerates. At the same time, the pressure in the stream drops. In section II (the minimum cross-section), the flow reaches its maximum velocity and, accordingly, the pressure in it reaches its minimum value, and the pressure becomes below the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid, as a result of which the liquid stream is converted into a two-phase flow. Further, between sections II and III, as a result of the growth of the volume gas content in the two-phase flow, and thereby maintaining the absolute value of the constant velocity, a supersonic flow regime is first formed to form a uniform two-phase flow, and then, as the two-phase flow in the expanding channel, the sound velocity in Flow to a value at which a pressure jump is formed in the flow. This process occurs near section III. As a result, the two-phase flow is converted into a practically homogeneous liquid flow with microscopic vapor-gas bubbles. As a result of the sudden collapse of the two-phase flow in the pressure jump of vapor-gas bubbles accompanied by a rapid increase in the compression pressure of a vapor gas reaching several thousand atmospheres, the latter undergoes a restructuring of the molecular bonds of the substance or substances that form the liquid stream, which releases the energy of the intermolecular bonds, Liquid flow after section III. Since the liquid is continuously supplied to the jet device - the heat generator 2, the latter continuously generates heat, and by the collapse of the microscopic bubbles of the liquid stream in the fuel-generating device 3, additional heating of the liquid is achieved. From the heat-generating device 3, the liquid can be guided, depending on the requirements for its heating value, either to the pump 1 or directly to the heat generator 2, or partly to the pump 1 and the jet device-the heat generator 2 at the same time.
Returning to formula 4, it can be seen that the efficiency of the jet device - heat generator 2 is the greater, the smaller the isentropic index of a homogeneous two-phase mixture. The latter, in turn, with other things being equal, the smaller, the smaller the isentropic index of the gas entering into the composition of the two-phase medium. Hence it follows that the effect of heat release is the greater, the more atoms in the molecule of matter that serve as a source of heat. One of the methods that can achieve this can be a preliminary degassing of the liquid, which is used to produce heat. Let us show this with the example of water. The water molecule consists of three atoms, while almost all gases dissolved in water are diatomic (mainly nitrogen and oxygen of the air). Therefore, if the water is previously degassed, when water is transferred from the liquid state to the two-phase vesicles, they will be filled mainly with water vapor, i. E. Triatomic gas, which allows us to obtain a greater amount of heat.
As shown by the studies, the maximum, theoretically achievable, relative increase in heat production in the heat generator 2 will be 
Where
Q is the amount of heat received;
N e - the electric power of the electric motor of the pump supplied; 
- hydraulic efficiency of the pump;
A is the experimentally obtained coefficient.
4, as an example, the dependence of the value of the coefficient A on the isentropic index of the two-phase mixture k for water (curve 1), for a liquid with a number of atoms in the molecule equal to 22 (curve 2) and for a two-phase mixture with bubbles filled with a basically diatomic gas . From this graph it can be seen that by selecting the liquid circulating through the heat generator 2 and degassing the liquid, it is possible to increase the amount of heat received in the installation.
The present invention can be used in autonomous fuel-generating plants for heating rooms of different purposes, where there is no centralized heating of buildings, and for obtaining hot water for domestic and technical purposes.
CLAIM
1. A method for converting a fluid flow energy into a thermal energy in a jet installation, comprising converting a single-phase liquid stream into a two-phase and subsequent reverse flow transformation into a single-phase flow by stopping the flow with increasing pressure therein, accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the liquid stream, characterized in that in a two-phase flow The supersonic flow regime is formed, and then the two-phase flow is inhibited by the formation of a pressure jump in it with the transition in the shock of a two-phase flow into a liquid flow with microscopic vapor-gas bubbles and heating the liquid during the step-wise conversion of a two-phase flow into a liquid flow.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it organizes the collapse of microscopic bubbles in the heat-generating device by further inhibiting the liquid flow therein, thereby providing additional heat.
3. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid is degassed or deaerated before being converted to a two-phase stream.
print version
Date of publication 29.01.2007gg
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