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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2018061

HEATER ELECTRIC HEATER

HEATER ELECTRIC HEATER

The name of the inventor: Strelkov VI; Lepekhin V.I.
The name of the patent owner: Strelkov Vladimir Ivanovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1991.12.05

Use: for heating liquids and gases, in the home for heating water. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The electric fluid heater is made from a fixed inductor (steel) inductor in the form of at least three inductance coils 4, 5, 6. The first 4 and second 5 inductor coils are arranged in series on the conduit, and the third inductor 6 covers the second coil Inductance 5 from the outside. The inductor is placed in an insulating jacket, fixed to the pipeline with clamps. In addition, the inductor is provided with a means for its supply consisting of the power and control parts 9, 10. The fluid is heated by the heat evolved in the pipeline, which arises when the Foucault currents in the pipeline arise from the rapidly varying current in the coils of inductances 4, 5, Inductor (coils 4, 5, 6) is controlled by an electrical block diagram enclosed in a housing. As a result, the life of the electric heater of the fluid rises and electrical safety, and the energy consumption is reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to devices for heating fluids and can be used for heating liquids and gases in domestic use for heating water.

At present, heating of water for technological, economic and sanitary purposes is performed by electric heaters. As a rule, the designs of electric heaters used for the above purposes are identical.

An electric fluid heater is known, comprising a housing with a cover and a bottom. In the lower and upper parts of the body, holes are provided, respectively, for supply and removal of water to be heated. Inside the case, in the lower part of it there are electric heating elements of the heating element. The water entering the body of the electric heater, when in contact with the heaters, is heated to the set temperature. Heated water is removed through the upper opening (1).

The main disadvantage of the electric heater is the rapid failure of TEN due to the formation of scale on them, which is most pronounced when using water of significant mineralization, the so-called "hard" water. To avoid scaling on the heaters, pre-prepared water is used, but such water can only be used in closed water circulation systems, for example, in heating systems and can not be used in open systems.

An electrical fluid heater is known, comprising a helix of an ohmic element in the heated medium (2).

However, such an electric heater is not suitable for heating an electrically conductive or flammable liquid.

A flow-through induction electric heater is known, comprising a conduit through which a fluid (fluid, gas) passes, provided with an electrical spiral (inductor) placed in an electrically insulated outer casing connected to a current source (3).

This electric heater is adopted as a prototype. The known electric heater is easy to manufacture, however, its reliability and electrical safety during operation are small due to the lack of means of automation of operation, the impossibility of regulating the temperature of heating the fluid.

The goal is to increase the comfort of operation and electrical safety.

To this end, an electric fluid heater comprising a conduit enclosed by an inductor secured therein, placed in an electrically insulated outer casing and connected to a current source, further comprises means for controlling the power of the inductor. The inductor of the electric heater is made of at least three induction coils.

In addition, said first and second inductor coils are arranged in series on the conduit, and a third coil surrounds the second coil from the outside. In this case, the inductor housing can be fixed to the pipeline, for example, using clamps.

In addition, said means for controlling the power of the inductor consists of power and control parts connected in parallel to the power source. The means for controlling the power of the inductor is placed in the body, attached to the inductor case.

The power part includes the pumping and damping circuits, the first of which consists of a power source, sequentially through a key connected to the first inductor, the latter in parallel connected to the first filter capacitor. The damping circuit consists of a second inductor, the beginning of which is connected to the clipping diode anode, the cathode of which is connected to the first ends of the second filter capacitor and the resistor, the second ends of which are connected to the end of the second inductor and the key connected to the beginning of the second inductor.

The control part consists of a circuit-breaker connected in parallel to its power source, equipped with a temperature sensor, and a blocking generator, and a master generator connected to the same power source via an automatic switch. In addition, the power supply of the power section can be of a conventional type, for example a bridge type, and the power supply of the control part consists of a series-connected third inductor and rectifier, in turn connected in parallel with a third filter capacitor and a charging resistor.

In addition, the temperature sensor of the circuit-breaker of the control part is located in the electrical insulating casing of the inductor, preferably after the second inductor. The temperature sensor is a thermistor.

To increase the power of the electric heater of the fluid, two more inductance coils can be connected in parallel with the power supply of the power section.

Thus, all the essential features characterizing the electric heater of the fluid, as well as those distinct from the prototype, namely the presence of the above-mentioned inductor and the power management means of the latter, the temperature sensor, make it convenient and safe to operate it, which can prolong its life, To receive the consumer environment, heated to the set temperature, to economically spend electricity.

HEATER ELECTRIC HEATER HEATER ELECTRIC HEATER

1 shows an electrical fluid heater, a general view; In Fig. 2 - the same, without the electrical insulating casing and the front wall of the casing; 3 is an electrical block diagram of an electric fluid heater.

The electric heater of the fluid comprises a pipeline 1 (steel), along which the fluid to be heated (gas, liquid) passes. Arrows indicate the direction of motion of the medium. The pipeline 1 is enclosed by an inductor placed in an electrical insulating outer casing 2 and connected to a current source 3 (FIG. 3). The inductor is made of at least three inductors 4,5,6. The first and second inductor coils 4,5 of the inductor are arranged in series on the pipeline 1, and the third inductor 6 covers the second inductor 5 from the outside. The inductor casing 2 is fixed to the pipeline 1 by means of clamps 7 or other known means (bandage). The yokes 7 in this embodiment fasten to the housing 2 the housing 8 of the means for controlling the power of the inductor.

The means for controlling the power of the inductor consists of the power and control parts 9, 10 connected in parallel to the power source. The power part 9 includes the pumping and damping circuits. The pump circuit consists of a power supply 11 of the power section connected in series with the first inductor 4 which is connected in parallel to the first filter capacitor 12. The damping circuit consists of a second inductor 5 whose start is connected to the key 13 and the anode of the clipping diode 14 whose cathode Is connected to the first ends of the second filter capacitor 15 and the resistor 16, the second ends of which are connected to the end of said second inductor 5.

The control part 10 consists of a circuit breaker 18 connected in parallel to its power supply 17, equipped with a temperature sensor 19 (thermistor), and a blocking generator 20, and a master oscillator 21 connected to the power supply 17 via a circuit breaker 18. The power supply 17 of the control Part 10 consists of a series-connected third inductor 6 and a rectifier 22 (diode) in turn connected in parallel to a third filter capacitor 23 and a charging resistor 24. As already indicated, the temperature sensor 19 is placed after the second inductor 5 in the casing 2 2), which increases the accuracy of the control process of the inductor.

When the electric heater is in operation, the fluid (liquid, gas) is heated, passing along the steel pipe 1, which is released in the last heat. The pipeline 1 is heated by Foucault currents of large magnitude that arise in the pipeline 1 from the rapidly changing current in the inductance coils 4,5,6 of the inductor connected to the current source 3. The work of the inductor is controlled by the electrical block diagram enclosed in the casing 8 secured by the clamps 7 c 2 inductor casing.

The temperature sensor 19, which uses a thermistor, sends a signal to the circuit breaker 18 from the temperature of the pipeline 1. The temperature sensor 19 is set to a critical temperature, the value of which is selected from the condition that the casing 2 is operable without destroying it. At the same time, the temperature sensor 19 ensures that the inductor is disconnected from the current source 3 in the absence of fluid in the pipeline 1. The signal for shutdown is the temperature rise of the pipeline 1 above the critical one.

The power part 9 of the power circuit is supplied from the power supply 11. The switch 13 is periodically closed, providing current growth through the inductor 4 and feeding the pump circuit. When the key 13 is opened in the pump circuit, resonant current oscillations occur whose attenuation is determined by the intensity of the Foucault currents arising in the part of the steel pipe 1 located just above the inductor 4. The series circuit formed by the inductor 5 and the first capacitor 12 prevents the current from rising accidentally Key 13 when it is closed. When the switch 13 is opened, the clipping diode 14 connects the second capacitor 15 to the inductor 5, and a resonant charge of the capacitor 15 takes place in the current stored in the inductor 5 during the period when the switch 13 was closed, which eliminates an abrupt emergency voltage surge on the key 13 at the time Its opening. Resistor 16 serves to accelerate the transients in the damping circuit.

On-off of key 13 is controlled by a blocking generator 20, powered by power supply 17 of the control part and operating in standby mode. The blocking generator 20 generates start pulses when a clock pulse arrives at a predetermined frequency from the master oscillator 21. The master oscillator 21 produces clock pulses only when power is supplied to it from the circuit breaker 18. The circuit breaker 18 supplies power to the master oscillator 21 when the voltage at The third filter capacitor 23 of the power supply 17 of the control part 10 has reached the required level and when the temperature of the pipeline 1 measured by the sensor 19 is below the critical one.

When the master generator 21 is switched off, the charge of the capacitor 23 to the required level is provided from the power supply 11 of the power section through the charging resistor 24. After switching on the master oscillator 21, the blocking generator 20 and the switch 13, the voltage induced in the coil 6 is rectified by the rectifier (diode) 22 and recharges the capacitor 23 of the power supply 17 of the control part, ensuring the stable operation of the electrical structural circuit and, therefore, the operation of the electric heater of the fluid.

Thus, carrying out the electric heater of the fluid according to the invention will increase the life and electrical safety, create additional convenience during operation, consisting in rapid heating of the liquid or gas to the required temperature. This design eliminates the possibility of the electric heater operating without the presence of fluid in the pipeline. The electric fluid heater is compact, it can be installed on any straight (horizontal, inclined, vertical) section of the pipeline. The tests of the prototype of the electric heater of the fluid made according to the invention showed good results.

CLAIM

1. A heat sink for a flow medium containing a pipeline covered by an inductor mounted on it, placed in an electrical insulating casing and connected to a current source, characterized in that, for the purpose of increasing operational convenience and electrical safety, it further comprises means for controlling the power of the inductor, the latter Is made of at least a tube of inductance coils.

2. An electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second inductance coils are arranged in series on the pipeline, and the third coil covers the second coil from the outside.

3. An electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the inductor housing is fixed to the pipeline, for example by means of clamps.

4. The electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for controlling the power supply of the inductor is made from the power and control parts connected to the power source, the first of which consists of the pumping and damping circuits connected in series with the power source, the pump circuit including a first coil Inductance connected in parallel to the first filter capacitor, the damping circuit includes a second inductor, the beginning of which is connected to the clipping diode anode, the cathode of which is connected to the first ends of the second filter capacitor and the resistor, and the second ends of the latter are connected to the end of the second inductor, and the key Connected to the start of the second inductor, the control part consisting of a circuit breaker connected to its power supply, provided with a temperature sensor, a blocking generator and a master oscillator, the circuit breaker and the blocking generator being connected to the power supply in parallel, and the master generator, Through the circuit breaker.

5. The electric heater according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the power supply of the control part is made of a series-connected third inductor and rectifier connected in parallel to the third filter capacitor and the charging resistor.

6. An electric heater according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the temperature sensor is located in the electrical insulating casing of the inductor.

print version
Date of publication 26.03.2007гг