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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2267718

HEAT

Name of the inventor: Fominsk Leonid Pavlovich (UA)
The name of the patentee: Fominsk Leonid Pavlovich (UA); Closed Joint Stock Company "AME" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 18021, Cherkassy, st. Gagarin, 87, kv.24, LP Fominsk
Starting date of the patent: 2004.04.22

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to a device for heating without burning the liquid fuel. The heat source consisting of a cylindrical stator and inserted therein a rotor in the form of a cylinder with a plurality of radial grooves on the surface or in the form of several disks, each of which has on its cylindrical surface a plurality of indentations serves depth grooves gradually decrease as you move from one edge rotor to the other in the direction of fluid travel. Proposed and insulated from each other by the rotor disks. As a result, increase the stability and efficiency of the heating fluid.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to devices for heat generated differently than in the combustion of fuels, and can be used in water heating residential and industrial systems.

A device for heating liquids friction method lies in the fact that the heat is generated by friction against each other and / or liquid solids, driven in a vessel with liquid. This includes, for example, the device described in AS USSR №1627790 (IPC F 24 J 3/00), publ. in Bull. №6, 1991 g.

The disadvantage of these devices is that due to the heating efficiency of the energy loss (the ratio of generated thermal energy to mechanical or electrical energy consumed by the device) is much less than unity.

But known device for heating liquids, in which the heating efficiency is higher. One such device was "gidrosonnaya pump", is described in US Patent №5188090 (IPC F 24 C 9/00), author JLGriggs, published on 23.02.1993. This device consists of a steel stator having a cylindrical cavity into which is inserted with a gap of a monolithic aluminum cylindrical rotor mounted on the shaft joins the motor. The cylindrical surface of the rotor is uniformly studded with a plurality of indentations having a diameter of ~ 10 mm and drilled to a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the recesses. This device operates as follows. The stator cavity is supplied with water to be heated. It flows through the gap between the stator and the rotor and exits from the opposite side in a pipe for discharging the heated water to the consumer. When the rotor rotates fast water twist occurs in recesses on its surface. In the recesses of the rotor and the gap between it and the cylindrical surface of the stator cavitation occurs, leading to heat water. The author of the above US patent states that the efficiency of water heating in its "gidrosonnoy pump" (thermal energy relations carried away from this liquid device to the electrical energy consumed by the electric motor, resulting in shaft "gidrosonnoy pump" in rotation) is 1,17-1 7.

The disadvantage of this heat source, as described in U.S. Patent №5188090, its operation is unstable, which was noted by many researchers.

The closest to the claimed well-known technical solution (prototype) is a fluid heater described in Patent №50608A Ukraine (IPC F 24 J 3/00) Authors Potapov YS, Fominsk LP and Potapova SJ, published in the Bulletin. №6 of 2000 F. This device consists of a metallic stator having a cylindrical cavity closed by a lid through which passes a heated fluid. The caps have central axial openings in which the bearings mounted on the shaft connectable to the motor. This shaft mounted rotor inserted with clearance ~0,5 mm in the stator cavity. The rotor can be of two types: a metal cylinder having on its surface a plurality of radial recesses with depth of 0.5 to 1, the diameter of these recesses constituting 5-25 mm, or a package of several dialed metal disks with gaps therebetween, a cylindrical surface which has the same number of radial recesses arranged circumferentially embracing disk. This patent recommended rotor iron family transition metal of the periodic table of chemical elements Mendeleev or ferromagnetic alloy of this metal with other metals and / or carbon.

rotor performance or the constituent discs of these metals or alloys of lead, experiments have shown that a significant improvement in liquid heating efficiency (the ratio of generated thermal energy to the expended mechanical or electrical energy), as compared with its heating in the same device but having a rotor adapted other metals, not included in the given family. Reasons identified depending on the type of heating efficiency of the rotor metal authors of this invention have not been very clear. Nevertheless dependence appears clearly that this enabled the fluid heater significantly increase efficiency compared with the heat generators of the same design, the rotor of which is made of aluminum or copper.

The described known apparatus operates as follows. The stator cavity is supplied with water to be heated. It flows through the gap between the stator and the rotor and exits from the opposite side in a pipe for discharging the heated water to the consumer. When the rotor rotates fast water twist occurs in recesses on its surface. In the recesses of the rotor and the gap between it and the cylindrical surface of the stator cavitation occurs, leading to heat water.

The disadvantage of this known device prototype is the instability of his work, which is manifested in the fact that the efficiency of heating a working fluid (the ratio of the generated thermal energy to mechanical or electrical energy consumed by the heat source) is not in all instances of newly manufactured heat generators is high. The reason for this long to find out. Finally, in the book [Fominsk LP Rotary generators of free heat. Do it yourself. . - Cherkasy: OKO-Plus, 2003, 346] was given an explanation of the processes occurring in the radial recesses in the cylindrical surface of the rotor. The book drawn attention to the fact that in addition to the working fluid swirls in said recesses during rapid rotation of the rotor, centrifugal forces tend to throw the water of the depressions on the rotor surface. But the column of liquid in the recesses is held by the liquid wetting forces of the metal surface. The confrontation of these two forces leads to a vacuum in the liquid at the bottoms of depressions. Thus at bottoms cavitation bubbles occur, causing rupture of the liquid column in the recesses. Under the influence of centrifugal forces detached from the bottom of the liquid column recess, before the former under tension as the spring is ejected from the recess and at a high velocity strikes the conjugate to the rotor inner cylindrical surface of the stator. The result is a shock wave which enhances cavitation in the gap between the rotor and stator. When fast periodic compression and expansion of cavitation bubbles in the liquid is a strong heating of the gas mixture in them, and then all of the liquid in the working gap. More processes leading to heat the working fluid in a heat generator, described in the book [Fominsk LP Rotary generators of free heat. Do it yourself. - Cherkasy: OKO-Plus, 2003, 346 p.]. The book is signed to print 27.10.2003. It is available in the Russian State Library on Vozdvizhenka in Moscow (formerly the Bible. Im. Lenina).

In this book it shows in particular that the processes in the rotor radial recesses leading to heating of working fluid, strongly depend on the depth of the recesses h. Even with the minor (~0,1 mm) deviations from this optimal depth for the pressure of the working fluid for a given operating temperature of the heating efficiency is greatly reduced. Identification of such dependence makes pay special attention to the selection of the depth h of the radial grooves in the rotor, and to increase the accuracy of drilling depth of the grooves.

But when all the radial grooves on the rotor surface have absolutely the same depth, such a heat source can work with high efficiency only in a very narrow range of pressures and temperatures of the heated fluid. This causes instability of this type of known heat generators at the slightest change in the operating pressures and temperatures. For the vast majority of consumers desirable to be able to exploit the heat source is not clearly defined in terms of constant pressure P and temperature T of the heated liquid, and changes in these parameters P and T within a fairly wide range.

The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the stability of the heat source and extend the range of pressures and temperatures at which it operates.

To achieve said technical result, in a heat generator consisting of a stator having a cylindrical cavity, through which passes a heated fluid, and to and from the inserted with clearance in the rotor cavity in the form of a cylinder with a plurality of radial recesses evenly distributed over its surface, or as a multiple disks, each of which has on its cylindrical surface a plurality of grooves, the depth of the recesses on the cylindrical surface of the rotor gradually decreases as moving from one edge of the surface to another or from the first to the last rotor disc in the direction of fluid travel.

Besides, the task set is solved in that the rotor discs are insulated from each other.

In the manufacture of the rotor of the heat generator is invited to choose the greatest depth h 2 of the radial grooves on the rotor surface, equal to the optimum for operation at maximum pressure P 2 and the lowest temperature T 1 of the selected range of operating pressures and temperatures, and the smallest depth h 1 of radial grooves on its surface - equal to the optimal to work at the lowest pressure P 1 and the highest temperature T 2 of this range. Then, for changing the pressure and temperature of the heated fluid during operation of the proposed heat source in a predetermined range of P 1 and P 2, and from T 1 to T 2 increases the load on the radial recesses disposed at one end of the rotor and decreases the load on the radial recesses are located at the other edge of the rotor. In general, the rotor continues to successfully operate with high efficiency over the entire range of selected pressures and temperatures.

If the rotor is made as a monolithic metal cylinder or in the form of metal discs, not insulated from each other, the temperature of the rotor during its operation is at all points around the same due to the high thermal conductivity metal. This impairs the stability of the proposed device for which it is desirable that the rotor temperature of the metal was higher where the depth h of the radial grooves in it less. Therefore it is recommended to perform the rotor is not monolithic, and recruited from the disc, and the proposed rotor disks insulated from each other. Then each disk when the heat generator will have its temperature optimal for it at such a depth h of the radial grooves, which is made on the disk. As the working fluid in such a device from the inlet to the outlet is heated and moves from a less heated to a more heated disc. This ensures best heat transfer conditions on the metal disc to the fluid to be heated, and thus increases the efficiency of its heating. This provides improved stability and efficiency of operation of the heat generator.

The proposed heat generator and its operation are illustrated in the drawings.

HEAT

Figure 1 is a drawing of the proposed heat generator with a cylindrical rotor, impaled on the sleeve of the insulating material that prevents leakage of heat generated on the rotor shaft.

HEAT

Figure 2 shows a fragment of the heat source of the drawing. FIGURE 1 which bear specific dimensions required for drilling the radial grooves in the rotor.

HEAT

3 is a drawing of the proposed heat-generator with the rotor discs of metal dialed isolated from both the rotor shaft and from each other by spacers and sleeves of insulating material.

Figure 4 shows graphs of [Fominsk LP Rotary generators of free heat. Do it yourself. . - Cherkasy: NEO-Plus, 2003, 346], which is recommended to select the depth h of holes in the rotor for the proposed heat source during heating of water with concrete its pressure and temperature as the rotor diameter of 300 mm and the speed of rotation of 3000 r / min.

The heat source circuit is shown in Figure 1, it consists of a stator housing 1, made of steel pipe segment to which the welded bottom leg-braces and a stove with 2 bolt holes for fixing the entire device to the foundation. With the ends of the stator housing 1 is closed lid 3 pressed against the rubber seal or Teflon harness 4 by tightening studs 5. In the central hole covers 3 are inserted and welded seam sealed sleeve 6 serving for bearing supports 7, which is set steel shaft 8. It sealed glands 9 presses the cups 10 and 11. The springs on the shaft 8, equipped with a spigot 12, planted a cylindrical rotor. It consists of a rim 13, turned from a segment tube of carbon steel or another metal or alloy wets the heated liquid. The rim 13 firmly planted (such as crimped with glue) to the hub (drum) 14 of thermally insulating material (for example, a PCB, fiberglass or wood) which is fitted on the shaft 8. The rotor 8 is secured to the shaft by a nut 15 and washer 16 .

Outside bearings 7 are closed by covers 17, one of which has a central shaft hole 8, the end of which protrudes beyond the cover and has a seat for attaching a pulley or clutch with which it is connected to the motor (electric, diesel, or the like.), Resulting in shaft 8 is rotated.

The rotor diameter D r is chosen depending on the type of metal or alloy from which made its rim 13, and the maximum rotational speed of 8 developed by the motor applied, so that the maximum tensile stress occurring in a metal rim 13 by the action of centrifugal forces, do not exceed the allowable conditions for the strength of the material. At the same time, it is recommended to reach at the heat generator maximum allowable stress for the material of the rim 13. Then the operation of the heat generator is most effective. The gap 13 between the rotor rim and the inner surface of the cylindrical cavity of the stator 1 is 0.5-1 mm. The rotor rim 13 is drilled a plurality of radial recesses 18 with a diameter of 5-20 mm. It is recommended that the diameter d of the depressions was 1.5-2 times greater than their depth h. The depth h of recesses 18 in the rim 13 is recommended to select using graphs in Figure 4, depending on the particular operating pressures and temperatures of the heated fluid. The recesses 18 are evenly spaced on the cylindrical surface of the rim 13 with a step therebetween constituting 2.5-3 recess diameter. The number of radial grooves in the rotor rim is dependent on the engine power, resulting in rotation of the shaft 8, and takes the greater, the more powerful engine. It recommended placing the radial holes in the rim along several circles covering the rotor and spaced apart by a spacing larger diameters of the two openings. The greater the power of the engine, resulting in the rotor is rotated, the greater must be the number of such circles with grooves along them. Thus on the first (extreme) a circumference situated nearest to the aperture to enter the heated liquid into the cavity of the stator, drill the deepest recesses 18, and on the circumference located at the opposite rotor end (at outlet 19) - recess 18 having the smallest depth h. At the intermediate circles drilled recesses intermediate depth h.

Figure 2 shows a fragment of a heat generator described above and shown in Figure 1. On this fragment as a specific example implemented graphical representations for a rotor having an outer diameter D r = 300 mm and 5 rows of holes in the rim 13 with a diameter of 7 mm each. The minimum depth h 1 obtained radial grooves in the rotor here - 3.5 mm, the maximum h 2 - 6 mm. On the chart in Figure 4 corresponds heat source temperature range T under which it is heated in water at atmospheric (1 atm) atmospheric pressure P will operate with an efficiency of greater than one in the range of 45 to 80 ° C. For the rotation of the rotor at a speed of 3000 rev / min is required with the engine power up to 25 kW. At the top of the covers 3, the heat generator shown in Figure 1, there are screw holes 19 into which threaded pipe connections for supplying and removing fluid to be heated in the apparatus described.

The heat generator illustrated in Figure 1, is provided with a heat exchanger for preheating the working fluid supplied to the working gap between the rotor 13 and the stator 1. The heat exchanger comprises a fluid jacket casing 20 welded to the outside of the stator body 1, the inlet 21 and outlet 22 which is a conduit connected to the inlet 23 in one of the described device caps 3.

Heat generator circuit is shown in Figure 3, it has the same design of housing parts, the shaft and bearings, as well as a heat generator described above is shown in Figure 1. But, unlike him, he does not have a fluid jacket, and most importantly, its rotor rim assembled from individual steel disks 13, insulated from each other and from the shaft 8. For this purpose, discs 13 are pressed at the same thickness of glass-cloth disks or textolite 14, put on the shaft 8, and between them are laid insulating gasket 25, also from the PCB or fiberglass. The whole package is clamped between the washers 26, made, in which the thermal conductivity is several times lower than the stainless steel than the conventional carbon steel with a nut 15 screwed onto the shaft 8. On the cylindrical surface of each disc 13, radial recesses 18 are drilled with a pitch between them integral 3.4 diameter recess which is selected in the range of 5-20 mm. It is recommended that the diameter d of the depressions was 1.5-2 times greater than their depth h. The depth of the recesses 18 h is recommended to select using graphs in Figure 4, depending on the particular operating pressures and temperatures of the heated fluid. At the first (extreme) disc 13 located closest to the opening 21 supplying fluid heated in the stator cavity drilled deepest recesses 18, and the disk is located at the opposite edge of the rotor, - recess 18 having a shortest depth h. On intermediate drives 13 drilled recesses intermediate depth h.

The peripheral portion of each disc 13, 18 between the radial grooves 27 are drilled parallel to the shaft axis 8. They are heated for foaming, and provide better fluid passing through its heat source.

The proposed heat-generator works as follows. When performing it in the form shown in Figure 1, in the inlet 21 is fed by a circulating pump connected to the nozzle, the liquid to be heated. This liquid, before getting into the working air gap between the stator 1 and rotor rim 13, passes through the water jacket formed by the outer surface of the stator 1 and welded thereto casing heat exchanger 20. Here it is heated in the fluid jacket heat from reaching the stator 1, and flows through conduit 22 and nozzle 23 into the gap between the stator 1 and rotor rim 13 is pre-heated. This allows, firstly, to reduce heat loss from the stator housing 1 to the surrounding air, and secondly, pre-heating the working fluid to a temperature only slightly lower the required temperature of the final heating it increases the stability of the heat source of this design and efficiency of heating them liquid. Filling heat source, it flows out through the line, join the opening 19 in the cover 3, and is supplied to the consumer or heat to vessel-drive fluid to be heated. After filling the internal cavity of the stator of the heat generator include a heated fluid motor connected to the shaft 8 and leads it to rotate. The higher the rotational speed, the higher the efficiency of the proposed heat source and the faster the heating the liquid therein. The maximum speed of rotation is limited not only by the capability of the engine is used, but also the strength of the rotor material, when exposed to the effects of centrifugal forces rotation.

Liquid fed inside the heat generator comes into the gap between the surface of the cavity in the stator 1 and the rotor. When the rotor twist occurs and foaming liquid in the recesses 18. In the recesses 18 there are ultrasonic vibrations in the liquid, just as occurs in the air whistle perforation siren rotor as it rotates.

In addition to the liquid swirls in these recesses when the rapid rotation of the rotor centrifugal forces tend to throw her out of the recesses 18 on the rotor surface. But the column of liquid in them held by wetting it forces the metal surface of the recess. The confrontation of these two forces lead to a vacuum in the liquid at the bottoms of depressions. Thus at bottoms cavitation bubbles occur, causing rupture of the liquid column in the depressions. Under the influence of centrifugal forces detached from the bottom of the liquid column recess, before the former under tension as the spring is ejected from the recess 18 and impinges in a high speed rotor with conjugate internal cylindrical surface of the stator 1. As a result, a shock wave which enhances cavitation in the gap between the rotor and stator.

When fast periodic compression and expansion of cavitation bubbles in the fluid takes place according to the laws of thermodynamics, the transformation of mechanical energy into heat that causes the heating fluid. In addition, the cavitation bubbles in the resonance amplification of ultrasonic vibrations occur periodic collapse of the gas-vapor mixture, leading to local heating it in the center of the bubble to temperatures as high as for measurements of many researchers (see., Eg, [Semenov P. Stoyanov Zvukosvechenie or light torn from a vacuum -. "Technics - youth", 1997, №3, s.4-5] and [Margulis MA sonochemical reactions and sonoluminescence -. M .: "Chemistry", 1986 - 288]. ), many thousands of degrees Celsius. This leads, as is known to glow sonolyuminestsentnomu liquids in the ultrasonic field. Details of these processes are described in the books [Potapov YS, Fominsk LP Vortex energy and cold fusion from the standpoint of the theory of motion. - Chisinau-Cherkassy: "OKO-Plus". 2000 - 387 s] and [Fominsk LP. How does vortex heat Potapova. - Cherkasy: "OKO-Plus", 2001 - 112]. All this is accompanied by the release of heat that the heating fluid goes in the proposed device.

Prototype testing of the heat generator shown in Figures 1-2 and driven by an electric motor with installed capacity of 15 kW, showed that compared to the same heat generator having a rotor with drilled on its surface with radial recesses of uniform depth h = 5 mm, which in normal atmospheric pressure of heated water therein stably worked at a temperature of only 60-70 ° C, increases the stability of these devices is in the temperature range from 50 to 80 ° C. In addition, there has been an increase in the average time (per day operation) efficiency of water heating this heat source (the ratio of generated heat to the cost of the electricity it) by 5-10%.

The heat generator illustrated in Figure 3, works almost the same way as described above and the heat generator shown in Figure 1. The direction of movement of the heated liquid in it indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. Test sample heat generator shown in Figures 3 and driven by an electric motor with installed capacity of 15 kW, have shown that it is stable within a predetermined range of pressure changes and temperature of the heated fluid (transformer oil) in the range from 1 = P 1 to P 2 atm = 1.5 ata and from T 1 = 40 ° C to T 2 = 90 ° C, while the same device having the same depth h of grooves on the surface of the rotor disks stably only 4 times more narrow pressure range and temperatures. At the same time the effectiveness of the proposed liquid heating heat source is increased by 10-20%. Wider than the heat source of Figure 1, operating temperature range in the heat generator due to the fact that its rotor discs 13 are insulated from each other. This allows the heat source is fed into a cold liquid to be heated. Thus, expanding the opportunities for exploitation of the heat generator.

CLAIM

1. The heat generator consisting of a stator having a cylindrical cavity through which a heated fluid is passed and out and inserted with clearance in the cavity of a rotor cylinder with a plurality of radial recesses, uniformly distributed on its surface, or in the form of several disks, each of which has on its cylindrical surface a plurality of recesses, characterized in that the depth of the depressions on the cylindrical surface of the rotor gradually decreases as moving from one edge of the surface to another or from the first to the last rotor disc in the direction of fluid travel.

2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor discs are insulated from each other.

print version
Publication date 07.12.2006gg