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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2161759

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMATION OF THERMAL ENERGY

The name of the inventor: Samkhan II; Zolotarev G.V.
The name of the patent holder: Samhan Igor Isaakovich
Address for correspondence: 150014, Yaroslavl, ul.B. October 73, ap. 87, Samkhan II
Date of commencement of the patent: 1998.06.04

The working medium of low pressure evaporates in the evaporator when the thermal energy of the low-temperature source is absorbed. Then the working medium is compressed in the compressor and fed to the jet device, where it is mixed with the liquid stream coming from the separator installed after the condenser. The flow of the working medium from the jet apparatus is directed to the condenser, where it is cooled by the transfer of heat to the high-temperature receiver. The use of the invention will increase the energy efficiency of thermal decomposition by reducing the specific energy consumption.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat power engineering, in particular to the processes of converting the thermal energy of a comparatively low temperature level into thermal energy of an elevated temperature level, and can be used for heat and cooling supply.

Steam-compression thermal transfer methods [1] are widely known , including evaporation of the working medium under reduced pressure, accompanied by absorption of the thermal energy of the low-temperature source, compression of the working medium in a vapor state with the aid of a compressor, cooling and condensation of the working medium with transfer of heat energy released to this higher-temperature receiver and Lowering the pressure of the working medium (as a rule, by throttling) before evaporation.

A steam-jet method of thermal transformation is known [2] , chosen as an analog of the combination of characteristics (prototype) closest to the proposed invention, consisting in evaporation of a part of the working medium of a reduced pressure due to absorption of the thermal energy of a low-temperature source, compressing this part of the working medium in a jet apparatus by mixing With a different part of the working medium having a higher pressure, cooling and condensation of the working medium after the jet apparatus with transfer of the heat energy released thereby to a higher temperature receiver, separating the working medium into parts, lowering the pressure of one of the working medium parts (by throttling or expanding) and Its evaporation by contact with a low-temperature source, increasing the pressure of another part of the working medium by the pump and its evaporation by means of a high-temperature energy source. In this method two vapor streams with different pressures are supplied to the jet apparatus.

A device for transforming thermal energy (a refrigerator or a heat pump) is known , including a circulation circuit with a evaporator, a jet device, a cooler (condenser), a throttle or expander installed in it, and an additional circulation circuit (communication) containing a pump and a high pressure evaporator and Connected to the main circuit on the pump side between the cooler and the throttle, and from the high-pressure evaporator side to the jet device. The jet apparatus of the known device is a steam jet ejector in which two jets of steam of different pressures are mixed [2].

The known method is characterized by a number of advantages , such as ease of implementation, operational reliability and relatively low cost. However, its energy efficiency is comparatively small and inferior to the efficiency of vapor compression methods.

The aim of the present invention is to increase the energy efficiency of the thermal transformation by reducing the specific consumption in the course of mechanical work or the heat of a high-temperature source.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a method for transforming thermal energy, including evaporation of a part of the working medium of a reduced pressure with absorption of the thermal energy of a low-temperature source, mixing flows of parts of the working medium in the jet apparatus, cooling the flow of the working medium with transfer of thermal energy to the high-temperature receiver, separating the working medium into Parts and lowering the pressure of one of the parts of the working medium, the liquid and vaporous parts of the working medium are mixed in the jet apparatus, the latter being supplied to the jet apparatus by a compressor.

In addition, the features of the proposed method, leading to a technical result, are:

  • Feeding part of the liquid working medium to the jet apparatus after its cooling;
  • Feeding to the jet apparatus an additional portion of the heated liquid working medium;
  • Reduction of pressure of one of the parts of the working medium by throttling;
  • Additional cooling of one of the parts of the working medium before its throttling;
  • Use as a working medium of mixtures of liquids with different boiling points;
  • Additional compression of the liquid part of the working medium before it is fed into the jet apparatus.

In a device for transforming thermal energy, including a circulation circuit with a series of evaporators installed in it, a jet apparatus connected to the steam supply, a cooler, a choke or expander, and communications for supplying additional streams to the jet apparatus, the communications are connected with the jet apparatus to a circulating The circuit in the area between the cooler and the throttle (expander) with the possibility of supplying liquid, and a compressor is installed in the circulation circuit between the jet apparatus and the evaporator.

Other distinctive features of the proposed device are:

  • Additional connection of the jet device to the circulation circuit in the area between the jet device and the cooler;
  • Connection in the communication pump for pumping liquids;
  • Installation between the cooler and the choke of the separation vessel;
  • Installation before the throttle (expander) additional cooler.

Thus, in the proposed method, in contrast to the known process, the process of compressing the working medium in a steam jet apparatus is replaced by compressing the vaporous portion of the working medium initially with a compressor, and then in a vapor-liquid jet apparatus.

In the jet apparatus, the vapor-liquid mixture reaches supersonic speeds, at which a pressure jump occurs accompanied by simultaneous vapor condensation and an increase in temperature.

The proposed method, unlike the known method, does not require a high-temperature power source to produce high-pressure steam, and the possible mechanical energy costs for intermediate vapor compression in the first stage or for compressing the liquid supplied to the jet apparatus are much less than similar costs in a vapor compression method with the same Compression ratio. Therefore, the energy efficiency (or coefficient of thermal transformation) of the proposed method is much higher not only in comparison with the prototype method, but also in comparison with the vapor compression method.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMATION OF THERMAL ENERGY

The essence of the proposed method is explained by a schematic diagram of an installation for its implementation, shown in FIG. 1, and the conventional image of the characteristic processes of this method in coordinates, the absolute temperature T is the classical entropy S in Fig. 2.

The device of FIG. 1 includes a circulating circuit 1 comprising an evaporator 2, a compressor 3, a jet apparatus 4, a cooler 5, a separation vessel 6, an additional cooler 7 and a throttle valve 8. For circulating the liquid component of the working medium, there is a pump 9 and communications 10, 11. The evaporator 2 is connected To the low-temperature heat source 12, and the cooler 5 to the high-temperature heat receiver 13. The additional cooler 7 and has external cooling (shown by arrows).

In Fig. Figure 2 shows the following processes for changing the state of the working environment:

1-2 - evaporation of a part of the working medium with absorption of thermal energy of a low-temperature heat source;

2-3 - compression of the steam of the working medium to an intermediate pressure using a mechanical compressor;

3-4-8-7 - mixing of the vapor and liquid parts of the working medium in the jet apparatus;

4-5 - compression of the working medium in the jet apparatus as a result of shock waves;

5-6 - returning part of the heated liquid working medium to the jet apparatus with increasing its speed;

5-7 - isobaric cooling of a part of the liquid working medium with transfer of heat energy to the external consumer;

7-8 - flow of a part of the cooled liquid working medium into the jet apparatus;

7-9 - additional cooling of the remaining part of the working medium;

9-1 - throttling of the evaporated part of the working medium.

The image of the processes of the proposed method in FIG. 2 is conditional and serves for purposes of illustration, because A sufficiently accurate picture of these processes is very difficult because of their nonstationarity and the variable mass of the working medium.

The energy balance of the proposed method, as usual, reflects the fact that the amount of energy received in the cycle by the working medium is equal to the amount of energy given to the external receiver of thermal energy. In particular, the amount of energy received by the working medium during evaporation Q 1-2 and compression Q 2-3 (and possibly also from other sources) is equal to the sum of the thermal energy Q 5-7 and Q 7-9 , transmitted by various components of the working medium To the external consumer.

The efficiency of the proposed method of thermal transformation is due to the use of a vapor-liquid jet device as one of the compression stages in a heat pump or refrigeration device.

The proposed method can be implemented using low-boiling liquids, such as R 12, R 22, R 134a, etc., traditional for heat pumps and domestic refrigerators, or their mixtures among themselves or other liquids (mineral or synthetic oils, water, Etc.).

The proposed method allows to significantly improve the previously achieved technical and economic indicators of thermal transformation processes.

USED ​​SOURCES

1. Sokolov E. Ya., Brodyansky V.М. Energy basis of heat transformation and cooling processes. - Moscow: Energoizdat, 1981, p. 14-66.

2. Thermophysical basis for obtaining artificial cold. Directory. - Moscow: Food Industry, 1980, p. 50-51.

CLAIM

1. A method for transforming thermal energy, including evaporation of a portion of a working medium of a reduced pressure, accompanied by absorption of the thermal energy of a low-temperature source, mixing flows of parts of the working medium in the jet apparatus, cooling the flow of the working medium with transfer of thermal energy to the high-temperature receiver, separating the working medium into parts, One of the parts of the working medium, characterized in that in the jet apparatus the flows of the liquid and vaporous parts of the working medium are mixed, the latter being supplied to the jet apparatus by a compressor.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a portion of the liquid working medium is returned to the jet apparatus after cooling.

3. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that part of the heated liquid working medium is supplied to the jet apparatus.

4. A method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressure reduction of one of the parts of the working medium is carried out by throttling.

5. The method of claim 1. 1 to 4, characterized in that it is cooled further before the throttling of one of the parts of the working medium.

6. Method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that mixtures of liquids with different boiling points are used as the working medium.

7. A method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the liquid portion of the working medium is further compressed before being fed into the jet apparatus.

8. A device for transforming thermal energy, comprising a circulating circuit with a evaporator installed in series, a jet device connected to the steam flow, a cooler, a throttle or expander, and communications for supplying additional streams to the jet apparatus, characterized in that Communications connect the jet device to the circulation circuit in the area between the cooler and the throttle (expander) with the possibility of supplying liquid, and a compressor is installed in the circulation circuit between the jet apparatus and the evaporator.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the jet apparatus has an additional connection to the circulation circuit in the region between the jet apparatus and the cooler.

10. The device according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the communications comprise a pump for pumping liquid.

11. The device according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a separating vessel is arranged between the cooler and the throttle.

12. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims. 8 - 11, characterized in that an additional cooler is installed before the throttle (expander).

print version
Date of publication 30.12.2006гг