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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING AIR AND OTHER GAS-FUEL MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2228489

VORTEX

VORTEX

The name of the inventor: Fokin GM; M. Sharapov; EM Puzyrev; Komogorova GP; Zhidkikh OI; Vichkapov A.M.
The name of the patent holder: ZAO "Production Association Biyskenergomash"; Komogorova Galina Petrovna; Puzyrev Evgeniy Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 659303, Altai Territory, Biysk, ul. P. Merlin, 63, ZAO PO Biyskenergomash
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.08.10

The invention can be used in industrial and energy boilers incinerating the husks, crushed vegetable, combustible and wood waste or solid fuel. The vortex furnace contains at least one screened vortex combustion chamber and one afterburner connected by a gas bypass window that is framed by an aerodynamic projection directed towards the vortex combustion chamber with a size of 100-200 mm, the ratio of the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber to its depth is 2 -6, and the ratio of the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber to the diameter of the gas-overflow window is 1.4-5, while the fuel supply ejector ends in a diffuser with an outlet located at a distance of at least 100 mm from the hearth on the front wall of the vortex combustion chamber, Oriented at the root of the group of the first blast nozzles installed along the lower generatrix of the vortex combustion chamber, the first blast nozzles being directed upward at an angle of 30-45 degrees and oriented to the root of the second group of blast nozzles located on the rear wall of the vortex combustion chamber and directed tangentially to the aerodynamic projection In addition, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the fuel ejector and each group of blast nozzles is 1.25-2, and the ratio of the blast velocities in them is 0.8-0.5, respectively, and the gas burner. A vortex furnace may contain two vortex combustion chambers and a post-combustion chamber located between them. The gas burner is located in the vortex combustion chamber or in the afterburner and is inclined to the bottom of the vortex combustion chamber. The use of this vortex furnace will simplify the design, increase the efficiency of fuel combustion, and increase the environmental safety of the furnace.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in industrial and energy boilers incinerating the husks, crushed vegetable, combustible and wood waste or solid fuel.

A furnace of a boiler is known [1, Fig. 8-21, 8-22], made in the form of a shielded afterburner chamber and cyclone prefabs connected to it through the gas outlet windows. Cyclone pretops are formed by complex curved screens and have tangential blast nozzles.

Such a furnace, thanks to the presence of cyclone prefabs, provides a complete burnout of the fuel. However, the furnace was not widely used. In cyclone prefabs a high-temperature combustion process with liquid slag removal is used, therefore there is an increased emission of environmentally hazardous nitrogen oxides, sulfur and sublimates of the mineral part (ash).

There are known furnaces with cyclone prefabs [2, p. 7], which are expensive, difficult to manufacture and repair, because Are formed by complexly curved screens. Particularly complex construction has gas-discharge windows, made by inwardly curved screens.

Of the known technical solutions, the vortex furnace is the closest in terms of the technical nature to the claimed device selected as a prototype [3]. The vortex furnace is formed by screens and casing. It has a blast nozzle and a gas outlet window located in the end wall, the transverse dimensions of the combustion chamber being greater than its depth, i. E. Distance between end walls. The vortex furnace contains a particle circulation circuit with a separation device, particle feeder and heating surfaces. A combustion chamber is located behind the vortex combustion chamber. The gas outlet window has the simplest design - it is made in the form of a hole.

This furnace has a simple design and allows the use of an environmentally friendly low-temperature furnace process by means of a heat exchanger.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complexity due to the presence of the particle circulation circuit and the low efficiency of fuel combustion due to the possibility of its sintering and entrainment of small unburnt particles, since the flow of fuel in the vortex furnace in suspension is not provided and maintained. In addition, the prototype does not provide for the possibility of increasing and deep regulating the power of the furnace.

The purpose of the present invention is to simplify the design, increase the efficiency of fuel combustion and additionally provide for the possibility of increasing and deep regulating the power of the furnace.

This technical solution will provide the following technical result: increase of ecological safety due to more complete combustion of fuel by creating conditions for burning particles of fuel in a suspended state, an optimal ratio of the blast costs between the ejector and two groups of blast nozzles, simplification of the design and the scheme for the air blast of the vortex furnace.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the vortex furnace contains at least one screened vortex combustion chamber and a post-combustion chamber connected by a gas bypass window which is framed by an aerodynamic projection 100-200 mm in the direction of the vortex combustion chamber. The ratio of the transverse dimension A of the vortex combustion chamber to its depth B is 2-6, and the ratio of the transverse dimension A of the vortex combustion chamber to the diameter D of the gas-overflow window is 1.4-5, while the fuel ejector ends in a diffuser with an outlet located on the front wall Vortex combustion chamber at a distance of not less than 100 mm from the hearth, tilted downward and oriented to the root of the group of the first blast nozzles installed along the lower generatrix of the vortex combustion chamber, the first blast nozzles directed upward at an angle of 30-45 degrees and oriented to the root of the second group of blast nozzles Located on the rear wall of the vortex combustion chamber and directed along the tangent to the aerodynamic projection of the gas-overflow window, in addition, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the fuel ejector and each group of blast nozzles is 1.25-2, and the ratio of the blast velocities is respectively 0, 8-0.5.

The vortex furnace contains a gas burner. The type of execution of the vortex furnace assumes that it contains two vortex combustion chambers and a post-combustion chamber located between them, the gas burner being located in the vortex combustion chambers or the afterburner, which is inclined towards the vortex combustion chamber or the afterburner.

Due to the use of a vortex combustion chamber with large transverse dimensions, its design can be simplified.

By supplying fuel with the fuel ejector, the proposed directionality of the blast nozzles, the ratio of cross sections and velocities, the fuel burns in a suspended state without sintering. At the same time, an aerodynamic projection with a size of 100-200 mm directed towards the vortex combustion chamber and a vortex combustion chamber with a ratio of transverse dimensions to a depth of 2-6 reduces the entrainment of small particles of fuel. Thus, the design of the vortex furnace improves the efficiency of fuel combustion.

The proposed implementation of a vortex furnace from two vortex combustion chambers and a post-combustion chamber located between it further increases the power of the furnace and allows for its deep regulation. In addition, a gas burner has been introduced into the eddy furnace as a kind of ignition when using a reserve fuel, while it can be located both in the vortex combustion chamber and in the afterburner. This ensures the expansion of the functional features of the vortex furnace, and a faster access to the regime during the starting cycle.

Comparative analysis of the state of the art, represented by analogs, allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

VORTEX

FIG. 1 schematically shows a vertical cross-section, and FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section of the proposed rotor furnace. FIG. 3 further shows a horizontal cross-section of the proposed vortex furnace in the two-combustion chamber embodiment. 4 is a sectional view of a proposed rotor furnace passing through a gas burner located in the afterburner, FIG. 5 further shows a section passing through gas burners located in the vortex combustion chambers of the proposed vortex furnace in a variant with two vortex combustion chambers.

The vortex furnace contains at least one vortex combustion chamber 1 and a post-combustion chamber 2. These chambers are formed by screens 3 and masonry 4, connected by a gas-overflow window 5 with an aerodynamic projection 6. Structurally, chambers 1, 2 are bounded by outer end 7 and internal dividing walls 8 .

The vortex furnace has auxiliary systems. The fuel supply system with the fuel supply ejector 9, the feeder 10 and the fuel bunker 11 is connected to the vortex combustion chamber 1 through the diffuser 12. The air supply system has the groups of the first 13, the second 14 blast nozzles, the fuel supply ejector 9, the diffuser 12, the air ducts 15, And a common fan 17 and is connected to the vortex combustion chamber 1. The cooling and flue gas removal system comprises the convection heating pipe 18 of the boiler and the outlet port 19. They are connected to the afterburner 2.

The gas-escape window 5 is framed by an aerodynamic projection 6 with a size of 100-200 mm directed towards the vortex combustion chamber 1. The aerodynamic projection 6 reduces the outflow of small particles, including unburnt fuel, and in the proposed construction can be made by a typical arch brickwork of fireclay bricks, which greatly simplifies the construction of the furnace. The protrusion of less than 100 mm is ineffective, and more than 200 mm is difficult to make from a standard wedge brick.

In FIGS. 1 to 5, A is the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber; B is the depth of the vortex combustion chamber; D is the diameter of the gas-overflow window.

The ratio of the transverse dimension A of the vortex combustion chamber 1 to its depth B, i.e. To the distance between its side walls, it is assumed 2-6 from the conditions for ensuring a good confinement of small particles from the removal and the possibility of placing the area of ​​cooling screens necessary for the low-temperature combustion process 3. Thus, the ratio less than 2 due to large axial velocities in the vortex does not provide good retention Particles with the proposed simple design of the gas-overflow window 5. In addition, the vortex combustion chamber 1 with a large depth fits poorly in the profile of the boilers. For typical heat voltages of the furnace volume and the ratio of sizes 5-6, as shown in the estimates, the entire area of ​​the cooling screens 3 can be placed on the surface of the outer wall 7. This condition is fulfilled when providing a low-temperature combustion process even for high calorie fuels.

Thus, with the proposed ratio of sizes 2-6, it is possible to use for any fuels a simple design of a vortex furnace: straight screens, only on the outer end wall 7 of the vortex combustion chamber 1, and a partition wall 8 made of fireclay bricks with a gas-escape window 5.

The ratio of the transverse dimension A of the vortex combustion chamber 1 to the diameter D of the gas-overflow window 5 is chosen to be 1.4-5, which makes it possible to design and produce vortex furnaces of various capacities.

The output of the diffuser 12 is proposed to be located with a downward slope, at a distance of at least 100 mm from the furnace feed. The slope of the fuel supply path allows the fuel supply system to operate at low loads, and its lift above the bottom of the furnace ensures that hot flue gases are sucked in under the injected fuel-air jet, and its rapid warming up and ignition, i.e. Improves the efficiency of fuel combustion.

Orientation of the fuel-air jet to the root of the group of the first 13 nozzles of blasting, the direction of these nozzles upward at an angle of 30-45 And the orientation under the root of the second group of nozzles of the blast directed along the tangent to the aerodynamic projection 6 ensures the maintenance of the flow of fuel in the suspended state, excludes the possibility of its sintering, and improves the efficiency of fuel combustion. In this case, the direction of the second group 14 of nozzles of the blast tangent to the aerodynamic projection 6, on the one hand, excludes direct discharge of the flow into the gas-transfer port 5, and on the other, provides the maximum length of the flight path from the back to the front wall of the furnace, i.e. The best conditions of burning in a suspended state.

The proposed ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the fuel supply ejector 9 and each group of blast nozzles of 1.25-2 and the blast velocities in them, respectively, 0.8-0.5, preserves the same product of speed by the cross-sectional area, i.e. Blasting costs. The coefficient of aerodynamic resistance of the fuel ejector is much higher than that of the blast nozzles. Due to the reduced blast velocities in 0.8-0.5 times, it is possible to equalize the pressure drops in the fuel ejector and in the blast nozzles and ensure their operation from the common fan 17 without regulation by the gates 16, which simplifies the scheme of the vortex furnace.

On the other hand, by the condition of fuel burn-out and keeping it in a suspended state, it is desirable to have the same blast flow in the feed sections. This is ensured by a reduction in 1.25-2 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the blast nozzles.

The initial temperature regime is created by the ignition gas burner 20 (Fig. 1) located in the vortex combustion chamber and inclined to the vortex combustion chamber. In the case of combustible waste, the gas burner is located in the afterburner chamber 20 (FIG. 4) and serves to more completely burn out the combustible gases coming from the vortex combustion chamber. With any kind of location of the gas burner, it can serve as a backup fuel burner.

The vortex furnace, as shown in FIG. 3, may comprise two vortex combustion chambers 1 and a post-combustion chamber 2 located between it. The use of two vortex combustion chambers ensures the placement of a large area of ​​screens 3 on external walls 7, allowing at least two times Increase the total power and depth of the vortex furnace load control. In this configuration of the vortex furnace, the gas burner 20 may be located either in the afterburner (FIG. 4) or gas burners may be located in each vortex combustion chamber (FIG. 5).

Behind the vortex furnace, pipes of convective boiler heating surface 18 and outlet window 19 are installed further along the flue gas path.

The proposed vortex furnace works as follows.

Due to the tangential flow of blasting through the fuel supply ejector 9 and the group of blast nozzles 13, 14, a vortex flow is organized in the vortex combustion chamber 1 formed by the outer 7 and the separation wall 8, screens 3 and the casing 4. When the furnace is operated due to centrifugal forces, increased transverse dimensions of the vortex combustion chamber 1, and the aerodynamic projection 6, the burning fuel particles in the narrow wall zone are retained until they become deeply burned and crushed in a rotating flow of gases. The location of the nozzles 13, 14 at the bottom and on the lift section, i. E. In the zone of deposition and particle deposition from the stream, it is possible to increase the efficiency of particle confinement and the stability of rotation of the two-phase flow without excessive increase in the blast velocity.

In addition to the blast to ensure the process from the hopper 11 by means of the feeder 10, the fuel is evenly dosed. The fuel is supplied by the fuel supply ejector 9 to the vortex combustion chamber 1 through the diffuser 12. Increasing the pressure in the diffuser 12 and the high-speed blast stream in the fuel supply ejector 9 eliminate the reverse breakthrough of hot flue gases into the fuel supply path due to pressure pulsations in the furnace. Thus, the proposed fuel supply system provides a stable fuel supply, eliminates self-oscillating combustion modes with increased removal of non-burnt particles, i. E. Improves the efficiency of fuel combustion.

The heat released during the combustion of the fuel is perceived by the cooling screens 3, which ensures the operation of the furnace without sintering and loss of fuel. In this case, the entire area of ​​the cooling screens 3, which is necessary for the low-temperature combustion process, can be located on one end wall 7.

The rotating flow of gaseous combustion products and fine particles exits through the gas-transfer window 5 into the after-combustion chamber 2. The aerodynamic projection 6 cuts and returns to the furnace a peripheral flow that is most saturated with particles and reduces their outflow. After the afterburning chamber 2, the combustion product stream passes the heating surfaces 18, is cooled by them and is removed from the boiler through the outlet window 19.

According to the results of the patent search, the proposed rotor furnace is not found, and the design of the furnace should not be explicitly mentioned in the prior art, since it is based on the results of numerous practical and experimental tests and design studies, and therefore the present invention has an "inventive level".

The possibility of implementing the invention "Vortex furnace" is confirmed by the description of the analogs, the description of the proposed invention, the technical documentation of the applicant: 04.374.00.00 SB, 04.365.00.00 SB, 04.3800.000 SB, 04.350.00.00 SB, 04.3900.000 SB, 00.8022.516 SB, report On balance tests of the boiler E 14-2,1-350 GDV with a vortex furnace 00.8022.516 SAT installed in the boiler room of the Uryupinsky MEZ for work on the husks.

Test results: visible drift, combustion, CO with complete husk combustion, when measured by the DELTA 2000 gas analyzer, are within the permissible limits of the requirements of the relevant documents TU 24.118-94

Using the proposed vortex furnace in comparison with the prototype [3] allows to simplify the design, increase the efficiency of fuel combustion and additionally provides for the possibility of increasing and deepening the power of the furnace, but also to increase the environmental safety of the furnace.

LITERATURE

1. Sidelkovsky LN, Yurenev VN Steam generators of industrial enterprises, - M .: Energia, 1978.

2. Kotler V.R. Special furnaces of power boilers. - Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1990.

3. Patent RU No. 2132512, F 23 C 5/24, publ. 27.06.99, bul. №18.

CLAIM

1. A vortex furnace comprising at least one screened vortex combustion chamber and one afterburner connected by a gas bypass window which is framed by an aerodynamic projection with a size of 100-200 mm directed towards the vortex combustion chamber, the ratio of the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber to its Depth is 2-6, and the ratio of the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber to the diameter of the gas-overflow window is 1.4-5, while the fuel supply ejector ends in a diffuser with an outlet located at a distance of not less than 100 mm from the hearth on the front wall of the vortex combustion chamber, Inclined downward and oriented to the root of the group of the first blast nozzles installed along the lower generatrix of the vortex combustion chamber, the first blast nozzles directed upward at an angle of 30-45 degrees and oriented to the root of the second group of blast nozzles located on the rear wall of the vortex combustion chamber and directed tangentially To the aerodynamic projection of the gas-overflow window, in addition, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the fuel ejector and each group of blast nozzles is 1.25-2, and the ratio of the blast velocities in them is respectively 0.8-0.5, and the gas burner.

2. A vortex furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two vortex combustion chambers and a post-combustion chamber disposed therebetween.

3. A vortex furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas burner is located in the vortex combustion chamber and is inclined towards the vortex combustion chamber.

4. A vortex furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas burner is located in the afterburner.

print version
Date of publication 29.01.2007gg