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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2151957

RADIATION BURNER

RADIATION BURNER

Name of the inventor: Shmelev VM .; Margolin AD
The name of the patentee: Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. NN Semenova
Address for correspondence: 117977, Moscow, ul. Kosygin 4, Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, the patent department
Starting date of the patent: 1999.03.03

The invention relates to a power system, namely the radiation burners, and can be used for domestic and industrial needs in various thermal power plants, in the household and household gas stoves, heaters, dryers, furnaces. The radiant burner comprising a body, an injector in the form of a gas nozzle with a mixing tube and a ceramic perforated emitting nozzle, ceramic perforated emitting nozzle configured to execute further screen functions and the reflector, which is formed in the volume configuration in the form of cavities with a transverse dimension and depth not less than 10 mm, the perforated are only the bottom of the cavities or only the wall or walls and the bottom, which improves the environmental and operational characteristics and ensures complete combustion of the fuel and a sharp decrease in the amount of CO in the combustion products, improving combustion stability in a wide fuel pressure variation range.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a power system, namely the radiation burners and can be used for domestic and industrial needs in various thermal power plants, in the household and household gas stoves, heaters, dryers, furnaces.

Industrial burner is known (US patent N 5174744 from 12.29.92) with low CO emissions and NO x to the atmosphere, which consists of a mixing unit of fuel and oxidant, the perforated ceramic plates (nozzles), at which the combustion gas, and light mesh screen, that is, the burner flame heated, increases the temperature of the radiating surface of the nozzle and facilitates the oxidation of CO to CO 2, reducing CO emissions to the atmosphere, wherein the screen is mounted above the burner plate at a distance which depends on the length of the flame.

A drawback of this burner are insufficient reduction in emissions of carbon monoxide, the weak mechanical strength lightweight mesh screen and its cover in the form of a special ceramic foam, and a substantial manufacturing complication burner.

Known radiation burner (copyright certificate N 2066023, cl. The F 23 D 14/12, 1994), comprising a housing with a perforated lid, playing the role of radiation shield fitted in the outlet portion of the body emitting nozzle.

A drawback of this burner is the high requirements for thermal and oxidative stability of screen caps that determine the need to use expensive nickel steel grades. Availability screen cover increases the hydraulic resistance deteriorates combustion stability at low fuel pressures, and ensures reduction of carbon monoxide in the combustion products below 0.008%.

Known industrial burner with increased heat capacity of the radiator temperature 1473-1723K (A.K.Rodin. Gas heating. L .: Nedra, 1987, pp. 21-23, Fig.2.4) with a ceramic nozzle having a series of rectangular slots made flat type sudden expansion.

The disadvantage of this is the emergence of a slit burner flashback while reducing the specific heat load due to excessive channel width and implementation in the space between the baffles at a high thermal load of the flare combustion mode with a high temperature in the combustion zone, resulting in an increase of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. Another drawback is the weak mechanical strength of long, thin walls between the channels, but also (because of their warm-up) wide radiation pattern.

The closest technical solution to the technical essence and achieved result is a burner infrared radiation, comprising a housing with the adjoining reflector, an injector in the form of gas nozzle and placed in the inlet section of the mixing tube body, reflector, made in front of the output cut-off final, and placed in the output section body to form a combustion chamber ceramic radiating head with a flat front and the radiating surface and the mesh screen (copyright certificate N 2084762, cl. the F 23 D 14/12, 1994).

The combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the burner occurs primarily in the surface area within the channels and on the surface of the emitting nozzle and post-combustion of unburnt components - in the space between the ceramic nozzle and a screen-mesh. Mesh screen increases the radiative burner efficiency. However, the use of the grid leads to an increase in the hydraulic resistance path, limits the duration of the burner and does not provide a sufficient reduction in CO emissions. Using the perimeter reflector and the burner is not efficient enough, although somewhat improved radiation pattern.

The object of the invention is to provide a high radiation burner, which has increased the environmental and performance, which ensures complete combustion of fuel and a sharp decline in the amount of CO in the combustion products, improving combustion stability in a wide fuel pressure variation range, an increase in its radiative efficiency, improve the radiation pattern and allows in addition, to expand its scope.

This object is achieved in that the radiation burner, comprising a body, an injector in the form of a gas nozzle with a mixing tube and a ceramic perforated emitting nozzle, ceramic perforated emitting nozzle configured to execute further screen functions and the reflector, which is formed in the bulk configuration a cavity with a transverse dimension and a depth of not less than 10 mm and are perforated only, or only the bottom wall cavity, or the walls and bottom.

Design features of the proposed burner provide the occurrence of strong radiation feedback from the walls of the nozzle cavity and eliminates mixing of cold ambient air into the combustion zone, whereby the temperature of the inner surface of the emitting nozzle cavity increases and there is a full completion of the chemical reactions, while due to the low flow resistance due to lack of mesh screen (the screen is the function of the nozzle itself) increases the stability of the combustion of fuel in a wide range of pressure changes, and thanks to the radiation or a good reflection of the extended wall cavities nozzle substantially improved radiation pattern, ie nozzle is both a reflector. In addition, due to the volume of ceramic nozzle design increases the power density of the burner with the outlet section of the unit. Improvement of ecological and operational characteristics of the proposed burner allows you to extend its scope.

The proposed technical solution shown on the attached drawing, which shows a longitudinal section through a burner nozzle bulk ceramic.

RADIATION BURNER

Radiation burner consists of a body 1 of the injector to form the gas nozzles 2 to the mixing tube 3 ceramic emitting nozzle 4, formed in the volumetric configuration to form cavities with a perforated bottom and the unperforated wall (a), or imperforate bottom and perforated walls (b), or perforated bottom and walls (c, d).

The burner operates as follows. The gas emerging from the nozzle 2 into the mixing tube 3, injects a required amount of air, forming a gas-air mixture of the desired composition, which penetrates through the perforated ceramic nozzle burns inside cavities near its inner surface. The surface of the nozzle cavity is heated to a high temperature, as a powerful source of infrared radiation. Part of the radiation is locked in the concave cavities, absorbed radiant walls and increase their temperature to 1000-1200 o C, which in turn leads to an increase in the radiation flux from the surface. The concave shape of the nozzle and a large depth of cavities hinder mixing of cold ambient air in the chemical reaction zone, a high temperature preservation of products, but does not exceed 1200 o C, at a distance of 10-20 mm from the surface ensures complete perfection of chemical reactions, including oxidation of the CO into CO 2 and does not result in appreciable amounts of nitrogen oxides.

Selected parameters of ceramic nozzles are defined as follows. The depth of the concave cavities of the ceramic nozzle at least 10 mm, a length comparable to the CO burnout zone ensures completion of chemical reactions in conditions that exclude them "hardening" due to the elimination of cold penetration of ambient air into a chemical reaction zone. Large transverse dimension of the cavities are not less than 10 mm, makes it possible to perforate the bottom wall and the nozzle cavities large number of cylindrical channels of small diameter (less than 1 mm) and defines a minor hydraulic resistance to the flow of products of combustion, which increases combustion stability in a wide range of fuel flow.

The design of bulk packing in cavities with a linear profile of the surface (see. The drawing, a-c), has the additional advantage related to the manufacturability and ease of manufacture, it allows to solve the problem and to achieve the specified technical result. The best result can be achieved in a more complex volumetric nozzle structure with cavities, the surface of which is profiled on a special law in order to achieve a uniform temperature the entire inner surface of the nozzle cavities (isothermal wall (see. Figure, d) and the formation of directional flux, which is a standard task radiation dynamics.

Experimental studies have shown that even a simplified embodiment the proposed radiation burner with a ceramic nozzle as a hexagonal concave cavity of constant cross section 50 mm deep and 55 mm lateral from the radiating planar perforated walls has high energy and environmental parameters. Burner steadily worked in a wide range of gas flow up to the extremely low when the specific heat capacity of 30-50 kW / m 2, had a high surface temperature up to 1200 o C in normal operating mode with a radiation efficiency of 60-65%, a record low concentration of CO in combustion products - less than 0.0003% and improved radiation pattern. Increasing the number of concave cavities in the nozzle leads to an increase of efficiency of operating parameters of the burner.

Thus, all the structural elements of the burner are directed at solving this problem and achieving the said technical result - increased environmental and operational burner characteristics by ensuring complete combustion and sharp reduction of CO, improving combustion stability in a wide fuel pressure variation range, increase its radiation efficiency, and improve the radiation pattern.

CLAIM

Radiation burner comprising a housing, an injector in the form of a gas nozzle with a mixing tube and a ceramic perforated emitting nozzle, characterized in that the ceramic perforated emitting nozzle is adapted to execute an additional function screen and a reflector, which is formed in the volume configuration in the form of cavities with a cross the size and depth of not less than 10 mm, the perforated bottom of the cavities are only, or only the wall or walls and bottom.

print version
Publication date 29.01.2007gg