| Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back / |
|
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2172453
THERMAL ENERGY HEATER
The name of the inventor: Zyablov VA; Atarov M.N .; Kapralov O.V.
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation Energia" named after SP Korolev "
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow Region, Korolev, ul. Lenin, 4a, OAO RSC Energia them. S.P. Queen, Department of Industrial Property and Innovation
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.11.29
The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used for heating surfaces of various objects to the required temperature by the method of radiant and convective heat transfer and, in particular, it can be used most effectively in a vacuum, for example, when carrying out various tests in vacuum thermo-pressure chambers. The heat energy emitter consists of a heating element, a reflector, thermal insulation placed on the back of the heating element of the surface of the reflector over its entire area, and a screen fixed along the axis of symmetry of the reflector in front of the heating element along the entire length of the latter. A gap is provided along the center of the screen along its longitudinal axis of symmetry. The invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the radiator of thermal energy by increasing the density of the heat flux from the radiator side to the object and thereby eliminating the energy losses from the heating element from the object; Reducing the cost of electrical energy to ensure the heating of the object during testing; Reduction of heat input to the refrigerator from the side of the reflector and flow of liquid nitrogen during testing in a vacuum thermo-chamber. The design of the radiator of thermal energy is quite simple and does not require significant refinement, but also the introduction of special production technological lines.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used to heat the surfaces of various objects to the required temperature by the method of radiant and convective heat transfer and, in particular, can be used most effectively in a vacuum, for example, when carrying out various tests in vacuum thermo-pressure chambers.
A radiating system is known with the use of quartz radiators (MA Bramson, Infrared radiation of heated bodies - M .: Nauka, 1965. - P. 218. - Figure 120), consisting of a reflector-reflector of a parabolic shape fixed on a movable base . Quartz radiators are located on the side of the concave surface of the reflector.
The design of the head lighting system of the FG140 type is known (edited by Yu.P. Chizhkov, "Electrical equipment of cars." - M .: Transport, 1993. - P. 105. - Figure 6.3) consisting of a reflector, a protective screen, a diffuser and a source Sveta.
The closest in terms of technical essence is the construction of a thermal energy radiator with a parabolic reflector (OB Andreichuk, NN Malakhov, Thermal testing of space vehicles .-- M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - P. 49. - Figure 3.23), It consists of a heating element and a reflector, adopted as a prototype.
Disadvantages of the designs of analogs and prototype is that when used to heat an object with a directed heat flow from heating elements, the reflector heats simultaneously, and the absence of insulation on the back of the heating element of the reflector surface reduces the heating efficiency. In addition, only part of the energy of thermal radiation participates in the heating of the object, while the other is scattered in the surrounding space.
The aim of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency at simulating thermal radiation, including in vacuum, while reducing the influence of thermal effects on the surrounding space.
The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the density of the heat flux from the heating element of the radiator to the heating object.
The heat energy emitter consists of a heating element and a reflector in the form of a paraboloid, in addition, a screen with a slit and thermal insulation placed on the back of the heating element of the reflector's surface over its entire area are inserted into it, the screen being fixed along the axis of symmetry of the reflector in front of the heating element Along the entire length of the latter, the distance from the heating element to the screen, the height of the screen and the angular width of the slit are selected in accordance with the following dependencies: 
Where k is the coefficient chosen based on the condition of the maximum possible approach of the screen with the slit to the heating element; 
- the angular width of the slit;
D n is the diameter of the heating element;
H e is the height of the screen with a slit;
H p - height of the reflector;
H o is the height of the heating object;
L 1 - distance from the heating element to the edges of the screen with a slit;
L 2 - distance from the heating element to the edges of the reflector;
L 3 is the distance from the heating element to the heating object.
In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the proposed radiator in a complex with a heated object, where:
1 - reflector;
2 - heating element;
3 - thermal insulation;
4 - screen with a slit;
5 - heated object.
In Fig. 2 shows the design scheme for determining the geometric parameters of the screen with a slit: - the angular width of the slit;
B is the slit width;
D n is the diameter of the heating element;
H e is the height of the screen with a slit;
H p - height of the reflector;
H o is the height of the heating object;
L 1 - distance from the heating element to the edges of the screen with a slit;
L 2 - distance from the heating element to the edges of the reflector;
L 3 is the distance from the heating element to the heating object.
The proposed construction of the heat energy radiator consists of a reflector (1), Fig. 1, a heating element (2), thermal insulation (3) and a screen with a slit (4). It is designed to heat the object (5).
 |
 |
The principle of operation of the proposed structure is based on the fact that when the supply voltage is applied to the heating element 2, FIG. 1, the conversion of electrical energy into thermal radiation energy is carried out. The heating of the object 5 occurs due to the directional heat flux reflected from the active surface of the reflector 1 propagating along the optical axis with a small scattering angle. The screen with a slit 4 focuses the heat flux reflected from the heating element onto the reflector, thereby excluding the dissipation of the thermal energy of the heating element in space. The screen slit makes it possible to increase the intensity of the object heating due to its irradiation by direct directed heat flow from the heating element. The presence of thermal insulation 3, for example, in the form of screen-vacuum insulation, prevents the dissipation of heat into the environment. Ceramic fuel elements, quartz emitters, etc. can be used as heating elements.
The height of the screen with a slit, its distance from the heating element and the width of the slit are chosen based on the remoteness and overall dimensions of the object. The design scheme for determining the geometric parameters of the screen with a slit is shown in Fig. 2. Below are the formulas for determining:
Distance from the heating element to the edges of the screen with a slit 
Where k is the coefficient chosen based on the condition of the maximum possible approach of the screen with the slit to the heating element;
Screen height with a slit 
Angular gap width 
The width of the slit b of the screen depends on its shape and is determined graphically based on the angular width of the slit Screen and its distance from the heating element.
In the case of a flat screen, the width of the slit is determined by the formula 
Thermal energy emitter with a quartz heating element is actively used for various tests in vacuum thermo-pressure chambers equipped with liquid nitrogen coolers. Thermal radiation from the back of the heating element of the surface of the reflector facing the refrigerator of the chamber leads to an excessively high consumption of liquid expensive nitrogen during the tests. Experimental studies of the operating characteristics of the proposed thermal energy radiator with thermal insulation (screen-vacuum) and a screen with a slit, and its prototype with a quartz heating element of KGT-220-1000 type in a 350 m 3 thermocarbox chamber in vacuum showed that when using radiators The design of the prototype consumes 2517 kg / day of liquid nitrogen (with a supply voltage on the quartz heating element 40V) and consumes 9.12 kWh of electrical energy (for heating the object to 50 ° C), and when using the radiators of the proposed thermal insulation design and Screen with a slit, all other things being equal, consumes 1648 kg / day of liquid nitrogen and consumes 7.19 kWh of electrical energy. Thus, the invention saves 869 kg / day (34.5%) of liquid nitrogen and 1.92 kWh (21.1%) of electrical energy.
The proposed invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the radiator of thermal energy due to the fact that:
The density of the heat flux from the radiator side to the object increases, and thus the loss of energy for scattering from the heating element outside the object is eliminated;
Reduce the cost of electrical energy to ensure the heating of the object during testing;
The heat input to the refrigerator from the side of the reflector decreases and the consumption of liquid nitrogen during testing in a vacuum thermo-chamber.
The proposed design of the heat energy radiator is quite simple and does not require significant refinement, but also the introduction of special production technological lines.
CLAIM
A thermal energy radiator consisting of a heating element and a reflector in the form of a paraboloid, characterized in that it additionally includes a screen with a slit and thermal insulation placed on the back of the heating element of the reflector surface over its entire area, the screen being fixed along the axis of symmetry of the reflector Before the heating element along the entire length of the latter, the distance from the heating element to the screen, the height of the screen and the angular width of the slit are selected in accordance with the following dependencies: 
Where k is the coefficient chosen based on the condition of the maximum possible approach of the screen with the slit to the heating element; - the angular width of the slit,
D n is the diameter of the heating element;
H e is the height of the screen with a slit;
Н р - the height of the reflector;
H o is the height of the heating object;
L 1 - distance from the heating element to the edges of the screen with a slit;
L 2 - distance from the heating element to the edges of the reflector;
L 3 is the distance from the heating element to the heating object.
print version
Date of publication 21.03.2007gg
Comments
When commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.