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SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONSUMER HEAT SUPPLY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2121627

INDOOR AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM

The name of the inventor: Minyaev Vsevolod Mikhailovich; Popovkin Vladimir Sergeevich
The name of the patent holder: Minyaev Vsevolod Mikhailovich; Popovkin Vladimir Sergeevich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.12.23

The system is designed for heating systems. The system contains a heat source, at least one heating device, an expansion tank, a supply and return lines of the coolant, forming a closed loop together with the listed elements. The expansion tank is sealed. The heat source is made in the form of a boiler with an electric heater. The capacity of the heater chamber is from 8 to 12 dm 3 . The electric heater's power is from 1 to 5 kW. Reduces power consumption.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat power engineering, namely to the area of ​​heating systems, and can be used in individual construction, and in the absence of a central heating system in the settlement.

Known local heating systems have many drawbacks. In particular, these systems are not isolated from the environment. The non-isolation of known systems is caused by the known property of liquids to expand when heated. Expansion of the liquid leads to an alternative: either initially fill a smaller volume of liquid in the system, or organize the operation of the system in such a way that the increase in the volume of the liquid does not interfere with the operation of the system. Unfortunately, the first version of the solution can not be used in principle, since real heating systems operate at different temperatures of the heat carrier and, therefore, at practically every temperature, the value of the change in the volume of the heat carrier will be different. The second version of the solution is widely used at present. Technically, this solution is implemented as an open expansion tank for the coolant. On the one hand, this solution is attractive because the expansion tank allows the system to work at any values ​​of the coolant temperature, provided that the capacity of the tank is certainly greater than the possible increase in the volume of the coolant. On the other hand, actually used heating systems are inevitably associated with losses of the coolant caused by leaks of the system, the evaporation process of the coolant, and its decomposition under the action of heating. Therefore, an open expansion tank is used to add a coolant to the heating system. At the same time, there is a certain technical contradiction: on the one hand, the open expansion tank allows to compensate for the loss of the coolant in the heating system, and, on the other hand, the coolant evaporates through the open expansion tank. In the case of using water as a heat carrier, evaporation from an open expansion tank usually leads only to decay of closely located wooden structures and, in the worst case, in the absence of proper monitoring of the condition of the system, complete or partial dehumidification of the heating system, which may lead to its exit from the working State and thawing of the system during its operation at sub-zero temperatures. In the case of using organic or water-organic liquids as a heat carrier, not only water but also organic liquid evaporates, which leads to environmental contamination. Attempts to use quasi-isolated heating systems by using caps of various systems were not successful, as usually the lids were not tight enough to prevent evaporation of the coolant. Probably, for the reasons stated above, all currently used heating systems are not closed.

In particular, a water heating system is known (RU, patent 2066813, F 24 D 3/00, 1996), comprising a heat source, heating devices connected to a heat source by the supply and return lines to form a coolant circuit. The coolant circuit contains both an open expansion tank, a stop valve and a circulation amplifier, which is in the form of an additional heating circuit with a surface heat exchanger located at the level of the upper discharge pipe. The disadvantage of this system of water heating should be recognized, in addition to the above disadvantages of open heating systems, the complexity of the design, and the inconvenience of operating an additional heating circuit.

The electrical system for heating and hot water supply is also known (RU, patent 2079793, F 24 D 13/04, 1997), comprising a device for heating water in the form of a reservoir and pipelines for removing hot and cold water, the reservoir is made of a dielectric material and filled with an electrolyte, A heating pipe is passed through the electrolyte connected to the hot and cold water pipes. In addition, the system contains an expansion tank and space heating devices. The disadvantage of this design is to recognize the complexity of the design, as well as its openness.

A heating system is known (GB, patent 1094040, F 24 D 3/00, 1967) containing a boiler (possibly with an electric heater), a heat transfer system with points of heat consumption, an expansion open cup installed at the top of the system. In the tank above the liquid level, an electric motor is installed, which drives the pump - the motivator of the coolant movement. In addition, the reservoir contains a coolant supply pipeline as needed. The disadvantage of a well-known heating system is its openness.

The heating system (SU, author's certificate 1241029, F 24 D 3/00, 1986) contains a heat source, a pump, a valve installed parallel to the pump and controlled like a pump by heat sensors, a heating device (heating radiator), an open expansion tank, Direct and return lines of the coolant, forming a closed loop together with the listed elements, and a feeding main connected to the circuit. Known system has all the disadvantages of open systems. In the applicant's opinion, this technical solution can be used as the closest analogue.

The technical task, the solution of which is directed to the present invention, consists in the development of a closed system for autonomous heating of residential, industrial and public premises.

The technical result obtained as a result of the implementation of the invention consists in increasing the efficiency of the heating system by reducing the loss of thermal energy due to the tightness of the system, which leads to a reduction in energy costs.

To obtain the said technical result, it is proposed to use a heating system comprising a heat source, at least one heating device, a supply and return lines that form a closed loop together with a heat source and a heating device, and at least one hermetically sealed expansion tank, the heat source being made In the form of a boiler with electric heating, containing a flow chamber for heating the coolant with a capacity of 8 to 12 dm 3 , an electric heater with a power of 1 to 5 kW is introduced into the chamber. The system can be made with both natural and forced circulation. In the case of forced circulation, the system contains a flow conditioner. As a stimulus flow is usually used a pump, which can be mounted at any point of the circuit. Each hermetically sealed expansion tank can be installed at any point in the circuit. The capacity of all used expansion tanks should ensure the absorption of the volume of the heat carrier that has expanded as a result of heating. Advantageously, the expansion tank is a sealed container, inside of which there is an elastic elastic element dividing the container into two parts, or a sealed container inside which the gas is placed in an elastic container, the elastic container completely isolating the gas from the walls of the container and of the coolant. Each expansion tank is connected to the coolant circuit directly. The system may further comprise an automatic control unit, which is a control unit connected to at least one temperature sensor installed in the coolant circuit, and also in a flow-through heating chamber, in addition, the control unit is connected to an electric heater installed in the flow chamber and, In the case of a pump, with a pump. The control unit is designed to be switched on both when the appropriate coolant temperature and ambient air are reached. As a heating device, radiators of any design are predominantly used, but any other devices for transferring heat energy from the coolant to the heated space can be used.

INDOOR AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM

The invention is illustrated by a graphical material, which shows a block diagram of a closed local heating system. The following designations are adopted on the block diagram: boiler 1 with heat carrier heater, electric heater 2, heating medium heating chamber 3, heating devices 4, coolant supply line 5, coolant return pipe 6, expansion tank 7, pump 8, automatic control unit 9, Temperature sensors.

A closed local heating system according to the invention can be implemented in various ways.

1. In the case of realization of the invention in the forced circulation version of the coolant in a closed circuit, the system comprises a boiler with an electric heater and a flow chamber for heating the heating medium, heating devices in the form of radiators, coolant supply and return lines, expansion tank, pump, automatic control unit and temperature sensors , The pump is located between the heating medium heating chamber and the last radiator, the expansion tank is located between the last radiator and the heating medium heating chamber, the temperature sensors are located in the heating medium heating chamber, the automatic control unit is configured to switch on the heater in the chamber and the pump. In the chamber with a capacity of 10 dm 3, an electric heater with a power of 2 kW is placed. Water is used as the coolant. For the heating circuit with water, a water supply connection is provided in the supply line, and a drainage connection is provided in the return line. During the operation of the system, the nozzles are damped by any known method ensuring the integrity of the system. The expansion tank is preferably made in the form of an airtight container made of a mechanically and thermally stable material, in particular metal or propylene. The internal cavity of the expansion tank contains an elastic container made of an elastic heat-resistant material, in particular a silicone rubber, partially filled with an inert gas (nitrogen, argon). When the heating medium is heated, the increment in its volume enters the expansion tank. Reduction of the free volume of the internal cavity of the expansion tank leads to an increase in the pressure in the internal cavity, which is compensated by a partial decrease in the volume of the elastic container with an inert gas with a partial increase in the gas pressure in the elastic container. As the coolant temperature decreases, the pressure in the inner cavity of the expansion tank decreases, the compressed gas in the elastic container expands and pushes the coolant from the expansion tank to the coolant main. The heated coolant from the chamber with the electric heater under the action of the pump circulates in a closed circuit, transferring the thermal energy from the chamber to the radiators, which by convection transfer the heat energy to the heated space. The temperature sensor installed in the flow chamber for heating the heating medium will prevent overheating of the coolant, and in the case of the automatic control system with the ability to set the maximum permissible temperature of the coolant and switch off the electric heater, the presence of a temperature sensor in the heating chamber will disable the electric heater when the coolant reaches a predetermined value in the chamber . The pump can be connected to the automatic control unit of the system with the possibility of switching on and off synchronously with the turning on and off of the heater when the coolant reaches a predetermined temperature in the chamber.

2. In the case of natural circulation, the circuit contains a vertical section of the supply line immediately after the heating chamber. The heated coolant, by virtue of natural conversion, rises along the vertically located coolant supply line, thereby causing coolant movement along the closed contour. The supply line is connected to the top of the radiators, the return line is connected to the bottom of the radiators. The expansion tank can be connected at any point in the closed loop. The expansion tank is similar to the previous example and is used in a similar way. The automatic system control unit and temperature sensors are located and operate and are similar to the previous example. The volume of the flow chamber for heating the heating medium is 10 dm 3 with an electric heater power of 5 kW.

The use of the proposed closed heating system makes it possible to improve the state of the environment in places where the heating system is used, to reduce electricity consumption for heating the premises, and to provide small and efficient urban heating facilities with an efficient and economical heating system.

CLAIM

1. A closed autonomous heating system comprising a heat source, at least one heating device, an expansion tank, a supply and return lines of the coolant, forming a closed loop together with the listed elements, characterized in that the expansion tank is sealed and the heat source is a boiler With electrical heating, containing a flow chamber for heating the coolant with a capacity of 8 to 12 dm 3 , using an electric heater with a power of 1 to 5 kW.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a pump.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the expansion tank is made in the form of a sealed container inside which is placed gas in an elastic container, the elastic container completely using gas from the walls of the container, and also from the heat carrier.

4. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises an automatic control unit.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the automatic control unit is connected to a temperature sensor located in the flow chamber, but also to an electric heater and a pump.

print version
Date of publication 26.01.2007gg