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SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONSUMER HEAT SUPPLY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2177586

AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM

AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM

The name of the inventor: Kozin Sergey Andreevich; Tereschenko Gennady Semenovich; Kozmin Nikolay Tikhonovich
The name of the patent owner: Kozin Sergey Andreevich; Tereschenko Gennady Semenovich; Kozmin Nikolay Tikhonovich
Address for correspondence: 194356, Saint Petersburg, PO Box 10, VI Andreevu
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.08.01

The invention relates to heating engineering, in particular to autonomous individual electrical heating systems. The autonomous heating system contains one or more local sections (1) for the number of heated rooms with liquid electric heaters installed in them, and the system control unit (9). New in the system is the use of oil radiators (2) with two electric heating elements (4 and 5) as electric heating devices, each local area (1) contains a thermostat (3), and the control unit (9) contains two automatic heaters Switch (10 and 11) for each local area (1). One of the heating elements (4) of the oil coolers (2) is connected to the first circuit breaker (10) of its local section via the thermostat (3), and the other heating element (5) of the oil coolers is connected to the second circuit breaker (11) Site directly. The technical result is the possibility of partial use of power consumption and temperature control on local areas of the system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat engineering, and more particularly to autonomous individual electrical heating systems. Most successfully, the present invention can be used for heating cottages and cottages.

An autonomous system of water heating for an individual house is known (see Information Sheet of Krasnodar TSNTI No. 271-71 "Replacing Small Boilers with Electric Water Heater", Krasnodar, 1971, pp. 1-6). The system contains an electric boiler, an expansion vessel with an overflow device, heating devices in the form of radiators for water heating and pipelines connecting them.

The system provides the possibility of heating your own home at any time to the temperature necessary for the consumer. However, the system is expensive in operation, because Heating the water in the electric boiler requires a lot of electricity, and the whole system as a whole is very material-intensive. In this case, remote heating radiators receive less heat, as heated water moves through the system by gravity and more heat is transferred to the radiators closest to the boiler.

At present, direct stationary electric heating, which converts electricity into heat without intermediate heat carriers, is more widely used. The closest to the claimed utility model is the autonomous heating and water conditioning system in accordance with the Russian patent No. 2093761 on cells. F 24 D 13/00.

The system contains liquid electric heaters and a boiler, each of which consists of a closed housing filled with a liquid heat carrier in which an electric heating element is placed. They are distributed over heated rooms and are local parts of the system. As the control unit of the system, a distributor is used, which has a circular central contact and a group of arc-shaped contacts located along the perimeter of the central contact, and a switch slider to which electric heaters and a boiler are connected in pairs.

In this case, the drive of the slider is carried out from a low-speed (stepping) motor. When the power is turned on, the motor slowly moves the slider over the contacts of the current distributor and electricity alternately flows to the pairs of heating devices. The liquid coolant of a heating device connected to the supply quickly absorbs and accumulates the heat released by the electric heating element immersed in it. After the power is turned off, the heating devices give heat to the heated rooms. In this case, the heat return through the walls is slower than its accumulation. Thus, during operation, the system provides a continuous supply of heat to heated rooms with all heating appliances, and their connection to the network occurs in pairs in turn.

The main disadvantage of this system, as well as all other known electric heating systems, is that the system can only operate at full power and the possibility of partial use of the consumed power and temperature regulation in local areas is not provided for in it. This leads to an unnecessarily high consumption of electricity in the autumn-spring period and at night, when there is no need to maintain an equally comfortable temperature in all heated rooms.

The present invention was based on the task of developing an autonomous heating system whose elements would be designed in such a way that, if necessary, it would be possible to partially utilize the power consumption and adjust the temperature at local locations of the system, thereby reducing power consumption, increasing system efficiency and maximizing comfort.

The task is solved due to the fact that in an autonomous heating system containing one or several local sections in terms of the number of heated rooms with liquid electric heaters installed in them, and the system control unit, the new one is that as oil heaters oil radiators with Two electric heating elements, each local section comprises a thermostat, and the control unit comprises two circuit breakers for each local area, one of the heating elements of the oil coolers being connected to the first circuit breaker of its local section via the thermostat and the other heating element of the oil radiators connected With the second circuit breaker of its local site directly.

Thanks to this solution, it is possible, if necessary, to reduce by 50% the amount of power consumed by the heating elements and maintain the temperature at local sites within the required limits. This ensures a reduction in electricity consumption, an increase in the efficiency of the claimed heating system and ensures maximum comfort.

New is also the fact that the control unit contains a programmer with a timer, which has a number of control channels corresponding to the number of local sections.

Due to the presence of the programmer it is possible to automatically maintain the temperature on the local parts of the system for a long time without human help.

New also is that oil radiators are included in the network with the help of bolted electrical connections.

Due to this solution, the overheating of the electrical connectors in the places where the radiators are connected to the network is eliminated, which reduces the fire hazard of the system.

Below, the essence of the present invention is explained in more detail by a detailed example of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the claimed autonomous heating system.

FIG. 2 schematically shows the local area of ​​the claimed system.

The system contains one or more local sections (1) according to the number of heated rooms (in the block diagram, a system of three local sections is presented for simplicity). Each of the local sections (1) consists of at least one oil electric radiator (2) and a thermostat (3) installed in the room. The number of oil electric radiators (2) in the local area (1) is selected from the calculation of the volume of this room with the parallel inclusion of radiators (2) in the network.

The system uses oil-filled electric radiators (2) of the sectional type. The radiator is heated by means of two tubular electric heating elements (4 and 5).

To protect the radiator (2) from overheating, a thermal switch (6) is used, disconnecting the radiator (2) when the temperature reaches 92 ° C on its surface. The most successful in the system can be used electric solidators "Solidus" wall or floor mounting on the application for invention N 2000116528 with the number of sections from 8 to 20, power from 0.8 to 2.5 kW. The radiator enclosures (2) are grounded by a PE grounding conductor connected to the PE bus. Oil radiators (2) are connected to the network by means of bolted electrical connections (7), in which the connection of the contacts of the electrical connectors is carried out by a threaded clip. This eliminates the overheating of the connectors at the places where the radiators are connected to the network, which significantly reduces the fire hazard of the system. The thermostat (3) is designed to adjust the temperature of the local area (1) (heated room) at the request of the user. The system uses thermo regulators bellows type or with bimetallic plates. The thermostat (3) is the direct temperature controller. It is installed in each heated room and maintains a temperature between 5 and 30 o C with an accuracy of +1 o C. The thermostat (3) is connected to the circuit of one of the electric heating elements, for example element (4), oil cooler (2) of this local section (1). In this case, another electrical heating element (5) of this radiator (2) is connected to the system network in addition to the thermostat (3). Due to this, the temperature regulation in the local area (1) of the heating system can be carried out at the rate of 50% of the heatsink power (2). The desired temperature is set according to the scale printed on the thermoregulator body (3), or according to the indications on the liquid crystal display. Thermoregulator (3) and provides a reduction in energy costs, depending on the temperature of the outside air and the heat-shielding properties of the room. If several electric oil coolers (2) connected in parallel are used in the local area (1), they are switched on and off by means of the contactor (8), in the control circuit of which the thermostat (3) is switched on.

The system also comprises a control unit (9). The unit (9) contains circuit breakers that provide on-line control of the local sections (1) of the system, as well as their protection against overloads and short-circuit currents. For each local area (1) of the system (heated premise), two circuit breakers (10 and 11) are provided in the block (9). The switch (10) is connected via the thermostat (3) to the electric heating element (4) of the oil cooler (2), and the other switch (11) is connected directly to the second heating element (5) of this radiator. If necessary, the control unit (9) comprises a timer programmer (12) having control channels, the number of which corresponds to the number of heated rooms. With the help of the programmer (12), it is possible to switch on and off the local sections (1) of the system in accordance with the specified program. It provides the possibility to program a weekly hourly schedule for switching on and off the local sections (1) or the entire system in a time function.

In operation, such a system provides temperature control in all local areas (1), i.e. In all heated rooms with simultaneous energy savings. For this, if necessary, the system provides an opportunity throughout the house to maintain the necessary temperature only in the right rooms. For example, when you are in a house of one person comfortably heated bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, hall, which in the house is about 1/3 of all premises. In all other rooms, the system maintains a standby temperature of 5-7 ° C, so that the house does not have a temperature skew. To ensure this regime, in winter, oil radiators (2), bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms and halls are connected completely (to both heating elements). At the same time, the necessary comfort temperature in each of these rooms is maintained by its thermostat (3). The constant operation of one heating element (5) and the operation of the second heating element (4) through the thermostat (3) reduces the incidence of its switching on and off in winter due to drafts and a large temperature difference inside and outside the room. This significantly increases the service life of the thermostat (3). In all other rooms in the oil coolers (2) only the heating elements (4) controlled by the thermostats (3) are included, which maintain the standby temperature. The second heating elements (5) are switched off by their circuit breakers (11) in the control unit (9). In other words, in these oil radiators (2) only 50% of their capacity is used, which creates a 50% energy saving. In the spring-autumn period, in all unnecessary premises, the oil radiators are completely disconnected, and only the heating elements (4) of the oil coolers (2) operating through the thermostats (3) are included in these inhabited rooms. This operation of the system also ensures the maintenance of a comfortable temperature in the inhabited premises of the house with simultaneous energy savings due to uninhabited premises. With the full operation of the entire system in the winter, i.e. When heating all rooms, energy saving is achieved by keeping the temperature in the thermoregulator (3) in each room without exceeding the established norms and reducing the temperature at night in non-indoor rooms. Setting the required temperatures on thermostat controllers (3), and switching on and off the circuit breakers (10 and 11) of the control unit (9) is done manually by the occupants of the house. If there is a programmer (12) in the control unit (9), the system is controlled automatically. In the programmer (12), the time for switching on the system to full power and reducing the heating power by 50% in specific rooms by the days of the week is stored, while at the same time maintaining the temperature control function in each particular room with its temperature controller (3). Thus, this system has, conditionally speaking, three degrees of adjustment:

- automatic thermostat (3) in each room;

- manual through the control unit (9) by switching on and off half the power of each of the oil coolers (2) of the habitable rooms and completely switching off the uninhabited premises by means of circuit breakers (10 and 11);

- fully automatic via the programmer (12) in accordance with the program entered into it.

With this system, energy savings are achieved by allowing partial use of the power consumption from the total design capacity of the system. In the spring-autumn period the system uses only 35% of the total power of the oil coolers, 50% of the unused power is made up by the disconnected heating elements of the oil coolers and 15% of the power savings are achieved by the operation of the thermostats when the set temperature is reached in various habitable rooms. In winter, the system is used on average 75% of the total power due to the operation of thermostats in all rooms when the specified temperatures are reached. The system operates at full power only when initially switched on before reaching the set temperatures and at an ambient temperature of -27 ° C, which is the design temperature for selecting the power of all heating systems in north-west Russia. This radically distinguishes the claimed autonomous heating system from all other known autonomous electrical heating systems, In them there is no possibility of partial use of the full capacity of electric heating elements and during the whole time of switching on they work at full power.

From the given concrete examples of carrying out the claimed invention to any person skilled in the art, the possibility of implementing it with the simultaneous solution of the task in hand is quite obvious. It is also obvious that minor changes may be made in the implementation of the invention, which, however, will not depart from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

The claimed autonomous heating system is simple in design and technological in manufacturing. It is reliable, durable and easy to operate. Compared with existing electric heating systems, the system has the most economical mode of power consumption and low operating costs. The system is characterized by high indicators for environmental and fire safety, frost resistance. She has the ability to work for a long time in the absence of a person. When the power is switched off or the voltage drops, the system does not fail to operate, the radiators do not defrost.

CLAIM

1. An autonomous heating system comprising one or more local sections in terms of the number of heated rooms with liquid electric heaters installed in them, and a system control unit, characterized in that electric heaters use oil coolers with two electric heating elements, each local section Contains a thermostat, and the control unit contains two circuit breakers for each local area, one of the heating elements of the oil coolers is connected to the first circuit breaker of its local section through the thermostat, and the other heating element of the oil coolers is connected to the second circuit breaker of its local area directly .

2. The autonomous heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit comprises a timer programmer having a number of control channels corresponding to the number of local sections.

3. An autonomous heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil radiators are connected to the network by means of bolted electrical connections.

print version
Date of publication 26.01.2007gg