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SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONSUMER HEAT SUPPLY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2226653

WATER HEATING SYSTEM

WATER HEATING SYSTEM

The name of the inventor: Britvin LN; Mashinsky V.L .; Yu. V. Sementsov; Shchepochkin A.V.
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Scientific and Production Firm" TGM "
Address for correspondence: 111673, Moscow, PO Box 60, LLC "NPF" TGM "
The effective date of the patent: 2002.03.19

The invention relates to liquid heating systems and can be used in individual houses or individual sections (entrances) of a multi-storey building. The system contains a heater, hydraulically communicated with the water circulation circuit, heating elements in heated rooms, hydraulically connected to the circulation circuit, an expansion tank communicating with the circulation circuit. The heater comprises a steam generator located at the bottom of the circulation circuit and a steam generator communicated with it through the water flow controller, and the output of the steam generator by the thermally insulated steam pipe is communicated with the steam inlet installed in series in the upper part of the circulation circuit of the vapor-liquid ejection pump-condenser. The technical result is the possibility to use the heating system irrespective of the power supply sources.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to systems of water (liquid) heating, and, if necessary, hot water supply (OGV) of individual houses or separate sections (entrances) of multi-storeyed tasks, having as a source of heat predominantly combustible fuel, for example, gas.

In the UGV systems of individual buildings, the circulation of water in the hydraulic circuit of the building is usually carried out due to the head arising from the difference in the densities of the water heated and cooled on the heating elements. This "temperature" head is usually small, about 0.05-0.09 m for every 3 m of the building height, which makes it difficult to use the throttle control of the water flow in the heating elements and makes the operation of the heating system unstable (1 - analog).

In more modern water heating systems, forced circulation in the hydraulic circuit of the heating system is used to eliminate these drawbacks by using circulating, usually electric, pumping units with a head of 1 to 3 m for two-three-story buildings (2 - a prototype).

The purpose of the proposal is to create a water heating system with forced pressure circulation of the heat carrier (water) using only one heat source of energy (the primary fuel gas heat generator), i.e. A heating system that does not require an electric drive pump (the presence of electrical energy) to ensure intensive water circulation. Another task is the development of a system that can be accomplished by simply upgrading already used heating systems while providing constructive simplicity, reliability and serviceability by low-skilled specialists. However, the proposed device makes it possible to use electric energy as a source of heat for heating water (for example, with a temporary absence of gas).

The basis of this proposal is the idea of ​​returning energy to ensure forced circulation in the circuit of the system, directly circulating water by using a steam-water ejection pump as a circulating pump that performs an additional function of the drive vapor condenser (see, for example, the technical solution for the "Condenser for transport Steam power plant "according to the author's certificate No. 1606838, 1992), where the vapor pressure is greater than the liquid pressure at the inlet of the mixing chamber (condensation), both the pumping action of this device and the process of steam condensation with the transfer of its energy into Coolant. In this case, an additional increase in vapor pressure over the water pressure at the water inlet of the pump-condenser is provided, according to the proposal, without the use of an additional feed pump, usually used for this purpose, in the traditional implementation of the Rankine cycle.

According to the proposal, the object is achieved by the fact that the heater comprises a steam generator located in the lower part of the circulation circuit and communicated with it through the water flow controller, and the output of the steam generator by the thermally insulated steam pipe is communicated with the steam inlet installed in series in the upper part of the circulation circuit of the vapor-liquid ejection pump-capacitor; The heater is made of two sections of the water heating section and the steam generator section connected to the return line of the circulation circuit in its lower part and the steam inlet of the ejection pump-condenser; The liquid heater is designed as a continuous-flow steam generator, and the return line of the liquid circulation circuit is directly connected to the liquid inlet of the ejection pump-condenser; The lower part of the steam generator is equipped with a drain valve, the steam line is connected to the inlet of the ejection pump-capacitor through the check valve and to the atmosphere through the normally open and closed by vapor pressure in the steam pipe the air check valve; The steam pipe is located inside the duct for the discharge of the combustion products of the fuel in the heater; The water flow rate meter in the steam generator and the heat supply to the heater are configured to control them according to the temperature in the heated space.

WATER HEATING SYSTEM WATER HEATING SYSTEM
WATER HEATING SYSTEM

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show examples of the implementation of the proposed water heating system.

The circulation circuit of the heating system consists of the upper section of the pipelines 1 (see Fig. 1), the return line 2, the lower section of the pipelines 3 and the "straight" section of the pipelines 4 hydraulically communicated with the heating elements 5 of the heated rooms, the heater 6 and the expansion tank 7, Connected to the upper section of the pipelines 1. The heater 6 in this embodiment comprises a water heating section 7 and an additional steam generating section 8 communicated with the circulation circuit through a flow rate regulator 9, for example an adjustable choke. The heater 6 with the sections 7 and 8 is located in the lower part of the circulation circuit, and the output of the steam generator 8 by the heat-insulated steam pipe 10 is communicated with the steam inlet installed in series in the upper part 1 of the circulation circuit of the vapor-liquid ejection pump-capacitor 11.

THE PROPOSED WATER HEATING SYSTEM WORKS AS FOLLOWS:

When heat energy q 1 and q 2 is supplied, for example, due to typical burners for burning gas fuel (not shown), respectively, to the heat exchanger for water heating 7 and the heat exchanger of the steam generator 8, water is heated in the straight line 4 and steam is generated through the steam line 10 is supplied to the steam inlet of the ejection pump-condenser 11. The steam escaping under pressure from the ejector nozzle 12 transmits its mechanical and thermal energy in the mixing chamber 13 to the water, further heating it and creating a head that circulates the heated water in the heating circuit.

The excess vapor pressure at the inlet to the nozzle 12 is achieved by the fact that the vapor density in the steam pipe 10 is many times lower than the density of water and therefore the pressure created by the water column from the water level in the expansion tank to the level of the steam generator 8 will be completely transferred to the steam in the steam pipe 10 and practically Is equal to the vapor pressure at the inlet to the nozzle 12, i.e. Will repeatedly exceed the water pressure at the inlet of the vapor-liquid ejection pump-capacitor determined by the liquid column from the water level in the expansion tank 7 to the upper pipeline 1. This property of the proposed hydraulic system provides the pumping action of the ejection pump-condenser.

Thus, in this system of water heating, heating and forced circulation of water are provided only due to the thermal energy released in the heater. Moreover, the pressure of the ejection pump-capacitor is practically proportional to the height of the heated building (the height of the ejection pump-condenser above the steam generator) and is almost 30 times more than the temperature head that occurs in the pump-free heating systems.

When the pressure of the ejection pump-condenser can be reduced without substantially impairing the circulation intensity in the heating circuit, for example, with a small hydraulic resistance of the circulation loop, the steam generator 8 can be located above the lower pipeline 3. For operation of the system, the position of the steam generator below the location of the ejection pump- those. In the lower part of the circulation circuit, for example, at the level of the 2nd floor of a three-storey building (see, for example, FIG. 2, where the sections 7 and 8 of the heater 6 are installed in different places of the circulation circuit).

To start the system and its maintenance, there are provided: drain valves 14 for emptying the steam generator 8 (or the whole system); A check valve 15 mounted on the steam inlet of the ejection pump cavitator 11 to prevent the steam pipe 10 from being filled with water; Normally open, for example by gravity, an air valve 16 closed when the vapor pressure in the steam line 10 increases. Before the start of the system, the valve 14 is closed, the setting device 9 opens and the water level 8 is filled with water to the required level, for example by a level sensor (in the drawing Shown). After the burners 17 and 18 are set on fire (see FIG. 2), the controller 9 is controlled at a specified level or other parameter of the system, for example, in conjunction with controlling the fuel supply to the burners according to the temperature in the heated rooms. After the vaporization starts, the steam expels the air from the steam line 10 to the atmosphere through the air valve 16 and, when the pressure increases, the valve 16 closes. Then the steam enters the nozzle 12 and the process of circulation of the heat carrier begins with steam condensation in the circulating water. When the heating system is stopped, the setting switch 9 is closed. Instead of the setting device 9, in order to close or open the water supply channel to the steam generator 8 of the heater 6, an additional valve 19 can be installed in this channel, automatically operating in the furnace of the fuel heater 6 at the temperature sensor 20 signal (see Fig. The functions of the setpoint 9, the valve 19, the burner controls 17 and 18 can be combined in one unit.

FIG. 3 shows a variant of a heating system where the heating of the water in the circulation circuit is carried out only by condensing the steam in the ejection pump-condenser 11, i. E. Here, the heater 6 comprises only one steam generating section 8, for example, being heated by an electrotan 21 and / or gas burners (not shown in the drawing).

Thus, the proposed heating system provides heating of water and its forced circulation from only one source of thermal energy, i.e. Makes its work independent of the presence of electrical energy (when using the combustible fuel as thermal energy), and the technical performance of the heating system does not require complicated production and operation of traditional circulating pumps, and the heat energy that goes to ensure the circulation process returns to the heating circuit of the premises By heating the coolant (water).

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharkin E.N. Heating and hot water supply of an individual house. - Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1991, Fig. 5, p. 14.

2. Grebenyuk V.F. Heat supply of premises. - Moscow: The University Book, 2001, p. 100, Fig. 5.1.

CLAIM

1. A water heating system with forced circulation of water (liquid coolant), comprising a hydraulically connected heater with heating circuit, heating elements in heated rooms, hydraulically connected to the circulation circuit, an expansion tank provided with a circulation circuit, characterized in that the heater comprises The lower part of the circulation circuit and the steam generator communicated with it through the water flow controller, and the output of the steam generator by the thermally insulated steam pipe is communicated with the steam inlet installed in series in the upper part of the circulation circuit of the vapor-liquid ejection pump-condenser.

2. The water heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater is made of two sections-the water heating section and the steam generator section connected to the return line of the circulation circuit in its lower part and the steam inlet of the ejection pump-condenser.

3. The water heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid heater is in the form of a continuous-flow steam generator, and the return line of the liquid circulation circuit is directly connected to the liquid inlet of the ejection pump-condenser.

4. The system of water heating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower part of the steam generator is provided with a drain valve, the steam line is connected to the inlet of the ejection pump-condenser through a check valve and to the atmosphere through a normally open and steam- Check valve.

5. The system of water heating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the steam pipe is located inside the duct for the discharge of the combustion products of the fuel in the heater.

6. The system of water heating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the water flow rate controller in the steam generator and the supply of heat energy to the heater are configured to control them according to the temperature in the heated space.

print version
Date of publication 29.01.2007gg