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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2111194
LINE FOR MANUFACTURING THE BIOCOMPOSTA FROM WASTE
FISHING PROCESSING INDUSTRY
The name of the inventor: Mukhina LB; Ryboshlykov AG; Dolgushin AA; Krasavtsev V.E.
The name of the patent holder: State Research and Design Institute for the Development and Operation of the Fleet
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.01.06
The line is intended for processing and utilization of fish wastes into organic fertilizer for agriculture. The line contains a fish shredder, a mixer, a fermenter and a drying apparatus. The line also contains a device for determining the initial characteristics of the crushed fish waste and a shredder of organic filler with a granulation and drying apparatus. The organic filler shredder is installed parallel to the fish waste shredder and is connected to the mixer. The invention is directed to the organization of a waste-free fish processing industry by recycling the latter's waste into a new type of fertilizer for the needs of agriculture.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of the fishing industry, and more particularly to the processing and disposal of fish wastes into organic fertilizer for agriculture, and can be used to organize a waste-free fish-processing industry in conjunction with the simultaneous disposal of pulp, paper, cotton, timber and other industries in dependence From the regional location of the respective productions.
A line for the production of organic peat fertilizer is known (authored by S.SSSR No. 974772, class C 05 F 11/02, 1992) containing a receiving hopper, a vibrating screen, a separator, crushers and a mixer.
The disadvantage of this line is the impossibility of realizing with its help the method of processing organic waste into biofertilizer by the method of accelerated bio-thermal processing of the raw material.
The closest to the claimed, accepted for the prototype of the invention, is the line for producing granular bird droppings (RF patent No. 2032644, cl. C 05 F 3/00, 1995). It contains a sequentially installed receiving hopper, manure chopper, fermenter, granulation and drying unit and separator.
The disadvantages of the prototype are its ineffectiveness for processing into bio-compost waste of fish processing industry, incl. Waste products of salted fish products and spent corrugated cardboard containers, as well as relatively long fermentation periods.
The invention is directed to the organization of a non-waste fish processing industry by implementing a method for accelerated aerobic processing and utilization of fish processing waste into a new type of fertilizer for agricultural needs, combined, if necessary, with partial utilization of pulp, paper, cotton, timber, algal processing and other industries, depending on Regional location of the respective productions.
At the same time, the task of creating a technological line - an interconnected set of equipment for the industrial processing of waste from fish processing enterprises located in virtually any state of destruction, with the simultaneous disinfection of the latter and the production of environmentally friendly, stable and highly effective biofertilization, is ensured by ensuring the maintenance of the stable process parameters .
This is achieved by the fact that the proposed line for the production of biocompost from fish processing waste containing a fish waste shredder, a mixer, a fermenter and a drying apparatus, in addition to the prototype, is further provided with a device for determining the initial characteristics of the crushed fish waste with a desalination tank by washing the latter and an additional chopper Organic filler, preferably wastes of used corrugated packaging or any other paper-cardboard processed packaging used in fish processing and other industries. For use as an organic filler of other types of raw materials, a predominant fibrous osprey from pulp and paper waste, together with an additional shredder, a device is provided for preparing granules from the filler material and drying them, which can be mounted in one unit with the latter. If necessary, for example, if one fibrous osprey is used as an organic filler, the line may additionally be provided with only one device for granulation and drying. An additional grinder and / or pelletizing device with a dryer is installed parallel to the fish waste shredder and connected, for example, by means of a mechanical belt conveyor with a mixer. As a shredder fish waste can be used any device for cooking stuffing, for example, meat grinder. A device is provided between the fish waste shredder and the mixer of the compostable substrate, for example a mechanical stirrer, to determine the basic initial characteristics of the ground fish waste (fish mince) - a pH, humidity and salinity with a capacity or a set of tanks to reduce the excess salinity to the required level, for example , By washing with running water and / or soaking in water. The device for determining the initial characteristics of the crushed fish raw material is equipped with appropriate instruments and mechanisms, which, if necessary, can be mounted as a single modular structure.
If necessary, separately in front of the mixer, a dosing unit of the initial components can be provided in the required ratio for the process, for example, in the form of a device for volumetric (measuring capacitance) and a weight measurement of the number of initial components. Directly behind the mixer is placed a fermenter which, depending on the specific production conditions, can be made either in the form of a sealed thermally insulated container with air supply devices (blower), or alternatively as a rotary (predominantly inclined) cylindrical biorobar, for example, With a stirrer. Behind the fermenter for drying the end product - bio-compost, a drying apparatus of almost any design is installed, for example a heated blower connected to the outlet of the fermenter, for example, by a belt conveyor. For the purpose of additional heat recovery, the gas outlet of the granulation and drying device of the organic filler can be pneumatically communicated, for example, by means of an air duct with an additional fan or a blower with a fermenter air supply device.
Depending on the conditions of a particular production, the line can be equipped with a receiving and / or receiving-storage hopper for fish processing waste, installed in front of the fish shredder. Transportation of all necessary raw materials is carried out, for example, by means of belt conveyors.
The figure shows schematically the functional scheme of the line for the production of the bio-compost of their waste of fish processing enterprises.
An example of a specific embodiment of the invention is a line consisting of a fish shredder 1, a device for determining the basic characteristics of the fish mince 2-pH, humidity and salinity with a capacity (not shown) to reduce excess salinity to the required level, if necessary, Cardboard fiber bundle 3, corrugated cardboard milling mill 4, dryers for granulated osprey 5, dosing unit 6 of raw materials in the required ratio for the process, mixer 7 starting materials: minced fish, dry granulated osprey and crushed corrugated board, fermenter with pneumatic aeration For carrying out the thermophilic auto-fermentation of fish wastes 8, equipped with a neutralization system 9 of the gaseous fermentation products, such as ammonia, produced by a system of metered air supply 10 and instrumentation for recording the main parameters and controlling the process.
Alternatively, instead of a stationary fermenter with pneumatic aeration, the proposed line may include a rotary biobaran fermenter 12 operating in a continuous or intermittent rotation mode, which provides the necessary level of aeration and mixing of the compostable mass. It is equipped with a neutralization system for 9 gaseous fermentation products by the parameters registration and process control device 11. The final product is subjected to drying in a drying apparatus 13 and subsequent packaging by means of the device 14.
The line for the production of bio-compost from waste from fish processing enterprises operates as follows.
The fish waste or non-market items produced at the fish processing enterprise or delivered to the shore by the fish processing vessel are crushed on the chopper 1 to the state of minced meat. In the obtained forcemeat, the device 2 determines the humidity, pH and salinity, while the humidity should be within 50-80%, pH within 6-8. If the salinity of the forcemeat exceeds 4%, then the mince is desalted to this limit or lower in the hopper provided for this, fresh water (not shown in the drawing).
The pulp and paper mill, which is a fiber-containing waste of the pulp and paper industry, is processed (granulated) in the granulation device 3 to particles of the desired size that are dried in the dryer 5 to a humidity of 5-10% with heated air. The spent corrugated cardboard containers and other paper and cardboard waste from the fish processing industry are crushed on a shredder 4, for example a hammer mill, to a state of uniform, loose pulp, the moisture content of which should not exceed the above limit. The obtained initial components: fish minced meat, dried granulated osprey, crushed corrugated cardboard are fed to the dosing unit 6 to compose the initial mass, based on the moisture of the fish minced meat and the need to treat the osprey and corrugated cardboard jointly or separately so that the moisture content of the initial mass is within 45-60 %.
The composition thus prepared is mixed to a homogeneous mass in mixer 7. The thus obtained initial mixture is loaded into a fermenter of one type or another: 8 or 12, after which in the first case the auto-fermentation process is started by activating the aeration system 10, and in the second - by rotating the drum itself 12. By During the process of the process, the apparatus 11 records the main fermentation parameters, such as temperature, air flow, oxygen content in the gaseous phase. For this purpose, the system of sensors and recorders of the equipment is used. 11. The optimal temperature of auto-fermentation is 55-60 ° C maintained by adjusting the level of aeration of the system 10 with the help of equipment 11 or in another variant - the rotation mode of the biobaraban 12.
After the end of the process, which is carried out for 5-7 days, enzymes 8 or 12 are discharged, and the final product - the fish biocompost is dried to a moisture content of 15-25% in the drying apparatus 13 to provide greater stability during storage. The ready biocompost is packaged by the device 14 and sent for storage or sale.
CLAIM
1. A line for manufacturing a bio-compost from fish processing waste, comprising a fish waste shredder, a mixer, a fermenter and a drying apparatus, characterized in that it is further provided with an apparatus for determining the initial characteristics of the crushed fish waste with a washing tank for the latter and an additional organic filler shredder, And / or a granulating and drying device for preparing an organic filler in the form of pellets, for example a granulated osprey from pulp and paper waste, the device for determining the characteristics of the ground fish waste is located between the grinder of the latter and the mixer, and an additional chopper and / Or granulation device - parallel to a fish waste shredder and connected to a mixer.
2. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermenter is in the form of a sealed container and is provided with a device for dispensing air, a neutralization system for gaseous fermentation products, and a process control device, for example, instrumentation for recording process parameters.
3. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentor is rotatable in the form of a rotary biorobar, for example inclined with a mechanical stirrer, and is equipped with a system for neutralizing gaseous fermentation products and a process control device, for example, instrumentation for recording process parameters.
4. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that a dosing unit of the compostable components is provided between the parallel grinders and the mixer.
print version
Date of publication 12.12.2006гг
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