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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2283987

METHOD OF THERMAL PROCESSING OF APPLIANCES AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES

The name of the inventor: Kokarev Vladimir Arkhipovich (RU); Kokarev Vladimir Vladimirovich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Kokarev Vladimir Arkhipovich (RU); Kokarev Vladimir Vladimirovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 170042, Tver, ul. Skvortsova-Stepanova, 18, apt.66, (for VA Kokarev)
The effective date of the patent: 2004.03.24

The invention relates to methods for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial operational wastes and can be used in municipal and industrial facilities for their utilization. A method for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial waste includes the start-up of a gas generator, the metered loading of waste into it, the movement of recycled waste in a closed loop in the hot exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, burning out carbonaceous residues, feeding ash residues and slags into the discharge chamber through the grate of the gas generator and cleaning the gas generator During the maintenance period. The gas generator is heated by the hot air from the heat emitters, which feed the energy of the electric generator of the engine. Exhaust, smoke and flammable gases from the gas generator are simultaneously withdrawn to the catalyst and then afterburned at a temperature above 3000 ° C, and into the condenser for their liquefaction into liquid combustible products that are sent to the fuel system of the engine. The unloading of ash residues and slags is carried out with the rotation of the grate. The technical result: expansion of the field of application, increase of efficiency, reduction of environmental contamination.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial operational wastes and can be used in municipal and industrial facilities for their utilization.

A method for the thermal processing of waste is known, which includes dosing the waste into a gas generator, heating the air in an air heater to 600 ° C for burning carbonaceous residues and feeding it to the lower part of the gas generator, pyrolysis of waste and melting inorganic part of waste with slag removal, and flue gas discharge through A system for cleaning gases and atmosphere, and flammable gases through a condenser with the condensation of liquid products and the production of combustible liquids and gases that are used as fuel (1).

The disadvantage of the known method of thermal processing of wastes is significant pollution of the atmosphere by flue gases, and low efficiency of the gas generator due to the lack of closure of the cycle of thermal processing of waste, including preheating of air in the heater from an additional source of energy.

The closest to the proposed method is a method for the thermal processing of domestic waste, including starting and preheating the gas generator with combustible engine exhaust fumes, dosed loading of household or industrial waste previously cleaned of scrap and construction debris, moving the treated waste along a closed loop of a gas generator with a reversible drive with heat treatment of exhaust Engine gases, combustion of heat-treated waste by heating gas of fuel burned in fuel injectors, supply of ash residues with the help of the reverse of the drive for the movement of waste in the gas generator and discharge of ash, and the removal of flue and exhaust gases into the atmosphere.

The disadvantage of the known method of waste processing is the considerable pollution of the atmosphere by smoke and exhaust gases, and the low efficiency of gas generators operating under this method under conditions, for example, land in urban or industrial waste dumps, where the use of exhaust gases and waste incineration is associated with the consumption Additional fuel for engine operation and fuel injectors, and the engine is operated for the purpose of heating the gas generator and waste with exhaust gases, while electricity is being extracted from the power grid to supply the drives of the gas generator. Thus, the possibilities of using a known method for processing waste in land conditions, in comparison with the conditions for disposal of garbage on the ship, are severely limited due to engine idling in land conditions that work only to produce exhaust gases.

The released combustible gases are not used in the process of recycling of this waste.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to expand the field of application in terrestrial conditions and to increase the efficiency of the technological process and the device for processing domestic and industrial wastes, and in reducing pollution of the environment.

The technical result of the method for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial waste, including the start-up of the gas generator by preheating it with combustible engine exhaust gases and combustible air from the air heater, dosed loading of waste that has been previously cleaned of metal scrap and construction debris, the transfer of processed waste in a closed loop in hot gases With the burning of carbonaceous residues, the supply of ash residues to the discharge chamber through the grate, exhaust, exhaust and flue gases from the gas generator and the cleaning of the gas generator during the maintenance period is achieved by the fact that the gas generator is heated by hot air from heat-electric heaters that feed energy The exhaust, smoke and flammable gases from the gas generator are simultaneously withdrawn to the catalyst and then re-burned at a temperature above 3000 ° C, and into the condenser for their liquefaction into liquid combustible products that are sent to the fuel system of the engine, and the unloading of the ash residues and The slag is driven by the rotation of the grate.

The proposed method for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial waste can be effectively implemented in a stationary environment in a landfill or industrial plant, in heating residential buildings, and in mobile transport, particularly ships, cars, while protecting the environment from pollution, thereby expanding And the field of application of the proposed method. Special use of the engine for the realization of the method becomes economically viable, justified under stationary conditions, since It will work more economically on flammable gases and combustible liquids produced by the pyrolysis of waste, and the power generated by the engine through the generator goes completely for the operation of heat and electric heaters, gas generator drives and for afterburning exhaust and flue gases. The efficiency of the proposed method of waste processing increases due to the closed cycle, when combustible products of waste processing return to the gas generator or engine, only ash, slag and soot remain on the output, which, according to new technologies, can be used in road construction, in the production of dyes etc. It is expedient and productive to discharge ash residues and slags by shaking them while rotating the grate.

METHOD OF THERMAL PROCESSING OF APPLIANCES AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a drawing, where a pyrolysis device for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial wastes is presented in the block diagram.

The pyrolysis device contains a generator 1 (see the drawing) with a heat-insulating casing and chambers 3 and 4 of the dosed loading and unloading of ash residues and slags, and a chute 5 with a drive 6 (geared motor) for direct and reverse feed of the original waste and products of their pyrolysis. The upper part of the gas generator 1 is connected to the gas outlet 7 and 8, and the lower part is communicated with the exhaust gas supply pipe 9 of the engine 10. The gas outlet 8 communicates with the catalyst 11 for separating the carbon monoxide and further with the calcining chamber 12 of the smoke and exhaust gas residues, and the gas outlet 7 Is made communicating with the condenser 13 of combustible gases and the nozzles 14, 15 of the supply of combustible gases and combustible liquid products to the dispenser 16 of the engine 10. In this case, the internal walls of the gas generator 1 of the chamber 5 form a closed toroidal waste circulation circuit, made with built-in heaters (TENs) 17, Air heaters inside the gas generator of the closed loop and connected by an electric circuit to the electric generator 18 of the engine 10, the conical grate 19 of the chamber 5 being rotatable. The actuator 6 and the calcination chamber 12 are connected by an electric circuit to an electric generator 18.

Pyrolysis device for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial waste operates according to the proposed method as follows.

Prior to loading the device with waste, hot exhaust gases are supplied to the exhaust gas supply connector 9 of the engine 10 and include heat and electric heaters 17 and a direct and reverse feed drive 6 powered by the electric power of the generator 18 associated with the running engine. The gas generator 1 is heated in a heat-insulated jacket. Wastes cleared of scrap metal and construction debris are dosed to the loading window of the gas generator 1 and the chambers 5, in the working cavity of which pyrolysis is subjected and, with mixing, enter the grate 19 of a conical shape. Some of the ash residues and slags pass through the grates to the unloading window, and the unprocessed part of the garbage is lifted upwards, continuing the pyrolysis of the waste prior to their removal to the upper cavity of the gas generator 1, and again fed down the closed loop. Pyrolysis of waste is carried out by moving waste in combustible gases with burning out of carbonaceous residues. The ash residues are sieved through the grate rotating grate 19, accumulate and periodically unload. The smoke and flammable gases pass through and the exhaust gases of the engine are run along the entire height of the chambers 5. Further, flue gases and exhaust gases accumulating in the upper cavity of the generator are fed through the gas outlet pipe 8 to the carbon monoxide gas separation catalyst 11 and then to the calcination chamber 12 of the residues at t = 3000 ° C. The combustible gases from the upper part of the gas generator are directed to the gas outlet 7, condensed into the liquid products in the condenser 13 and sent through the nozzles 14 and 15 to the dispenser of the engine 16.

The method makes it possible to produce pyrolysis of waste at a given temperature without its drop throughout the entire closed loop by heat-electric heaters and combustible exhaust gases along the entire height of the chamber. Smoke and exhaust gases after the gas generator are subjected to cleaning and complete afterburning by calcining the residues in the chamber, calcining without carrying harmful particles into the atmosphere, and combustible gases are used to operate the engine while saving the main fuel. Rotating grate better tolerate the remains of pyrolysis during the cleaning of the chambers.

The proposed method underwent experimental laboratory tests on a test sample of a gas generator with the increase of pieces of tire with the exhaust gases of a diesel internal combustion engine and heat and electric heaters operating from an engine generator, while the working cylinders of the engine operated under a load on the fuel mixture with combustible gaseous pyrolysis gases of rubber. Positive results allow us to hope for solving the problem of utilization of municipal and industrial waste using the proposed method. There is considerable interest of industrialists and municipal services in the speedy implementation of the proposed invention.

The method is implemented with a simple pyrolysis device that can be manufactured for various capacities and is easily implemented on ships, trucks - garbage trucks, and on the basis of a car semitrailer for delivery to work at garbage disposal facilities, and are made for work in stationary landfills or Large industrial enterprises, where the efficiency factor for the processing of domestic and industrial waste is increased due to a closed cycle of processing with the use of processed products - combustible gases as an engine fuel. Especially economical the device works in the pyrolysis of tires, where the combustible products of their processing are of a higher quality and are used in the dispenser to obtain a more enriched fuel mixture of the engine. Multiple transfer of recyclable waste along the height of the chambers when they are stirred along the closed circuit of the plant makes the pyrolysis process efficient and more productive. Equipping the device with a CO condenser and a calcination chamber for smoke and exhaust gas residues preserves the environment from contamination. Removal of ash residues and slags through a rotating grate is more effective. According to the given method, the separation of flammable and flue gases is not required, they are mainly condensed into the fuel oil of the engine, and in case of an overabundance, they are sent to the calcination chamber.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Description of the invention of the USSR No. 699287, M.Kl.2, F 23 G 5/00, BI No. 43, 1979 (analog).

2. Description of the invention of the USSR No. 1474381, M.Kl.2, F 23 G 5/00, BII No. 15, 1989 (prototype).

CLAIM

A method for the thermal processing of domestic and industrial waste, including the start-up of a gas generator, the metered loading of waste into it, the movement of recycled waste in a closed loop in the hot exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, burning out carbonaceous residues, feeding ash residues and slags into the discharge chamber through the grate of the gas generator and cleaning Gas generator in the service period, characterized in that the gas generator is heated by the hot air from heat-electric heaters, which feed the power of the electric generator of the engine, exhaust, smoke and flammable gases from the gas generator are simultaneously withdrawn to the catalyst and then afterburned at a temperature above 3000 0 C, and And into the condenser for their liquefaction into liquid combustible products, which are sent to the dispenser of the fuel system of the engine, and the unloading of the ash residues and slags is carried out with the rotation of the grate.

print version
Date of publication 12.12.2006гг