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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2150385

METHOD FOR PROCESSING PLASTIC MIXES AND INSTALLATION
PLASTICS PROCESSING MIXTURES

Name of the inventor: Dietmar Gushall (DE); Heiner Gushall (DE); Axel Helmert (DE); Jörg Himmel (DE)
The name of the patentee: Der Grune Point - Duales System Deutschland Aktiengesellschaft (DE)
Address for correspondence: 101000, Moscow, Pereulok. Small Zlatoustinskiy 10 kv.15, "EVROMARKPAT" Bureau Veselitskoy IA
Starting date of the patent: 1995.12.21

The invention relates to recycling plastic containing foreign components. In the method of processing plastic mixtures, in particular mixtures of waste plastics, the feed material is milled in the milling step, and the crushed material is agglomerated. Magnetic components are extracted from the crushed material. During agglomeration volatile substances are removed by means of suction devices. The agglomerated material is dried and sieved. Apparatus for processing plastic mixtures having foreign components comprising the device for grinding an agglomerator for the crushed material, and means for selecting from the fine fraction of the agglomerate. Installation provided with a magnetic separator, the exhaust system for exhausting volatile matter during agglomeration and drying section for the agglomerated material. Means for selecting a fine-grained fraction of the agglomerate is made in the form of a fine-mesh screen for sifting fine grain. With low energy consumption can be obtained a high-quality plastic agglomerate, which can be used industrially as a replacement for primary fuels as the starting material for the manufacture of construction parts etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for processing plastic compounds and to an installation for processing plastic compounds containing foreign components.

Disposal (return recycled) plastics that contain foreign components, in particular of plastics from household waste is becoming increasingly important. The relevant legislative regulation practically aimed at the need to ensure full utilization of plastics.

Already known various methods and devices for recycling plastics.

Thus, for example, from DE 4125164 A1 is known a plant for the recovery of plastic waste produced primarily in agriculture. This installation comprises at least one device for cutting wastes, from which the butcher waste is fed into the washing machine for pre-washing, grinding unit for grinding precleaned waste and a second washing machine for washing milled waste. In conclusion, the waste is first dried in a drying machine, and then in the dewatering.

From DE 4329270 A1 discloses apparatus and method for separating shredded plastics of different chemical composition and different density. Installation is distinguished primarily by the presence of the separator in the form of spatial structure with two conical elements, the relative position of which provides a laminar fluid flow, provides the necessary separation of the plastic material.

From DE 4306781 A1 discloses a further method for processing mixtures of different waste containing large amounts of plastic, wherein the foreign impurities is first manually removed and then the mixture was milled, and then via the air separator material is separated into two fractions: a light containing mainly plastics, and heavy, containing metal components mainly. Then a lighter fraction containing large amounts of plastic, using a wet separator is separated by density. Density separation process carried out in this case carried out sequentially in several stages with different separating liquid media, preferably in the separating centrifuge.

However, all the above methods have the disadvantage that they are provided stage wet density separation or washing recyclable plastic, causing the need for subsequent processing prior to the pre-drying process costly.

After preliminary dewatering particulate plastics material adhered moisture mainly on its surface. The more surface area of ​​the material, the more moisture clings to it. This naturally increases the cost of the drying process of the plastic material. Wet plastics reprocessing is becoming increasingly uneconomical also for the reason that there is a trend to manufacture more products from a thin foil at present.

From DE 3911326 Al is known a method for processing multi-stage refrigeration enclosure of plastic elements in which the refrigerator body at the first stage are ground and then removed from the crushed material metal parts. Thereafter, the milled material is fed to the next stage in the processing knife grinder where it is crushed to a grain size of less than 10 mm. In the next stage of the air separation particles are separated from the non-foamed plastics particles from the foam. Then, from the foam particles are fed to the next stage of processing in the vortex mill where it is milled to obtain the final grain size of 0.1-1 mm. Upon completion of this step, the ground particles fed to the final stage in a cyclone, from which the recycled foam discharged in this way.

This device works without wet reprocessing stages is intended mainly for separating foam from the non-foamed plastic, t. E. Are working with the material of which the refrigerator body.

When dry processing of plastic mixtures, particularly mixtures from household waste with a large spread various components, one of the main problems is the need for a reliable removal of the processed plastics foreign contaminants such as paper and formed during the heat treatment of the material ash, because only under this condition further purposeful use of this material may be provided.

Harvested bales of domestic garbage waste contains, inter alia, plastics of different type and composition, which are widely and commonly used for the manufacture of a variety of packages. Such plastics are used in combination with paper, ceramics, metals, and other auxiliary materials. recycling process provides for the mandatory removal of these foreign elements, because they limit the use of plastic target as such. For example, the metal inclusions can lead to premature wear of extrusion machines.

Closer known technical solution to the present invention is disclosed in SU 1054080, which describes a method and apparatus for processing plastic waste alien inclusions, whereby the feed material is first crushed, the crushed material is agglomerated thermally and withdrawn from the fine fraction of the agglomerate.

In this process, no wet processing step of the material being processed and this gives certain advantages. However, it agglomeration stage suction provided volatiles such steam and ash removal of clogging material to be treated paper, foil.

Based on the above, the invention is based on the problem to provide a method and apparatus for processing plastic mixtures, with minimal energy consumption which could provide high quality reception plastic agglomerate.

This task is made possible by the proposed method and apparatus for processing plastic mixtures, in particular mixtures of plastics waste, the method comprising crushing the material being processed in the milling step and the crushed material is agglomerated. According to the invention of the particulate matter is removed the magnetic components during agglomeration volatile substances are removed by means of suction devices, the agglomerated material is dried and sieved.

The invention is based on the surprising effect that the low energy consumption is possible to obtain a high-quality plastic agglomerate due to be performed in the sintering process is almost complete removal of volatile impurities alien and subsequent separation on sieves agglomerated material, especially the separation of its fine grain.

Due to extract volatile substances during agglomeration possible to remove most of the paper contained in the plastic mixture, water vapor and ash. Residues of these substances in the material to be processed can be almost completely removed by means of a preferred embodiment of the invention, which provides screening fine grain agglomerate. By combining the product fractions sifting fine agglomerated material with simultaneous drying of the proposed method provides a plastics agglomerate residual moisture content which is much lower than one percent and an ash content of not more than the upper limits permissible for the subsequent use of such material as a raw material.

In general, an inventive method is characterized in that the plastic material of the recyclable secondary drying method clean plastics agglomerate of high quality at low energy consumption. Another advantage of the method is that for its implementation are not formed wastewater.

In another preferred embodiment of the method of the invention along with the fine fraction by sieving agglomerated product is separated in the same way and a coarse fraction. The result is a plastic agglomerate size distribution which is within certain predetermined limits and which is therefore especially suitable for further use.

Preferably the feed material is ground to a cutting roller shredder. To increase the throughput of material at this stage milling can provide several parallel connected grinders of this type.

Another possibility of increasing the capacity can be achieved by pre-cutting the processed material before it is fed into the cutting roller shredder. After this preliminary grinding it is possible to extract the foreign elements that could damage the shredder blades and thereby disrupt the normal operation of the latter. The supply of pre-crushed material in the cutting roller shredder is preferably carried out by means of a lock feeder, preventing bouncing hard parts of the processed material from the rotating rolls.

For the separation of plastics material pre-shredded heavy foreign material inclusions that can be passed through the device in the form of a hinged flap, actuation of which depends on the load collected on it.

Magnetic alien elements can be removed from the pre-shredded material by a magnetic separator.

After further milling cutter shredder material or in any other device of this type of material being processed to extract from it the remaining magnetic elements preferably pass under a suspended magnet.

In one preferred embodiment, the crushed material is dried thermally in a drum dryer. The continuous movement of the material in the drying process facilitates the separation of contaminants adhering to it, and inert particles.

The invention can further provide the possibility of separating from the processed plastic material of the heaviest, as well as other heavy foreign components by air separation. When this fraction was processed granular material is removed from the air separator, preferably via a mechanical conveyor then both foil fragments and the like are carried away from the air separator through the wind tunnel and fall into the middle section of the mechanical conveyor, reducing the load on the conveyor.

For removal of the particulate material being processed is not already comprising after extracting from it the magnetic elements other inerts (m. E. Those which can not be further processed together with the plastics), the invention can provide displacement of the processed material via Vibrating perforated bottom ( sorting section).

To ensure a uniform supply of material into the agglomerator it is expedient to feed material before it is loaded into the agglomerator withstand for some time in an intermediate storage device and homogenized by stirring. Carrying out this step of the process and contributes to improve the homogeneity of the final product obtained after the agglomeration process.

When agglomeration of the processed material in the agglomerator is preferably reflowed at first and then rapidly cooled (thermal agglomeration), and the volatiles are sucked in during this process.

In one preferred embodiment, agglomerated material is dried in the drying section, bringing the moisture content up to a certain, set value, and a fine fraction of agglomerate sieved through trommel. Thus, after drying, a residual moisture content of the material to be processed is preferably less than 1%. To maximize the removal of volatile components agglomerated material such as paper and ash, using trommel screen out small particles of less than 2.1 mm, preferably less than 1.6 mm.

The coarse fraction of agglomerated material, preferably with fibers, scraps of thread, etc. removed from the agglomerated material by a rod screen. In this sieve for coarse product is preferably carried out so that the particles sieved through a size 20 mm.

For subsequent use intended for a maximally uniform agglomerate size distribution during the process of forming a fraction grain size excess, especially particles larger than 8 mm, can be re-milled and sift using a knife grinder.

It is advisable to provide further possible to extract from the agglomerated material is non-magnetic metals (non-ferrous metals) by using a vortex separator.

One preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention generally comprises the following steps:

a) crushing of material, preferably with a cutting roller grinder;

b) extracting magnetic material, preferably an overhead magnet;

c) Thermal drying of the material processed, preferably by drum dryer;

d) separating the fine fraction, preferably by means of the screening drum;

d) separating the heavy fraction, preferably by means of an air classifier;

e) re-screening of the fine material, preferably in the sorting section;

f) homogenizing the material to be processed, preferably in an intermediate storage;

h) agglomerating the material being processed in the agglomerator using volatiles for exhaust systems;

i) drying the agglomerated material, preferably in the dryer section;

k) fine screening material, preferably via a drum screen;

l) sifting coarse material and fluff, preferably via a rod screen;

m) removing non-magnetic materials, preferably with a vortex separator;

m) removing the resulting fractions during the process, excessive grain size, especially particles larger than 8 mm and milling these particles, preferably with a cutter grinder.

The present method preferably provides for separate storage of the treated respectively allocated alien material contaminants, particularly the magnetic and non-magnetic metals, inert components, heavy plastics, as well as the sifted fine and coarse fractions for their further use.

To optimize the movement of the material flow in the process according to the invention allows for the simultaneous use of multiple air classifiers and / or sorting several sections, through which the material to be treated is passed, and the distribution of material to these classifiers, and / or sections is performed by distributor-metering conveyor.

For reasons of ecology and the need to save energy provided that required for the operation of processing plant energy, primarily for drying, will receive due to the sharing of sources of electricity and heat.

Obtained by using the proposed method described above, the agglomerate can be used on an industrial scale, first, as a replacement for primary fuels. Second, perhaps the subsequent use of sinter as a raw material for production purposes. Because the agglomerate obtained by recycling of plastics, as described above, first of all may be fabricated construction details of the new type, and multi-purpose, such as light Stroydetali for which one can find various applications in the agricultural and hydraulic engineering, transportation or for various protective purposes . With the help of the said agglomerate is possible to realize the possibility of building anti-noise fences while their landscaping, but also used to strengthen the levees and the banks or the device open, environmentally friendly parking lots. This building material gives a double advantage: it not only did not become waste even after a long service life, but returned again in the circuit manufacturer of the material.

Apparatus for processing plastic compounds, particularly intended for carrying out the method of the invention includes devices for grinding agglomerator for the crushed material, and means for selecting from the fine fraction of the agglomerate. According to the invention the installation is provided with a magnetic separator, exhaust system for the extraction of volatile substances during agglomeration and drying section for the agglomerated material, and means for selecting a fine-grained fraction of the agglomerate is made in the form of a fine-mesh screen for sifting fine grain.

Installation according to the invention enables the processing of mixtures of plastic net drying method. Using suction devices during the agglomeration a large part simultaneously removed volatiles, such as water vapor, ash and paper which could degrade the quality of the plastics agglomerate. In the drying section the residual moisture content is reduced to a minimum. Finally, using a fine-mesh sieve to sift can agglomerate fine fraction containing significant at the time of screening of the remaining volatiles in the agglomerate, such as eg paper and ash.

Thus, by using the proposed installation without the use of wet processing methods usually used for separation and purification of plastics, can be obtained plastic agglomerate ash content and paper wherein substantially below acceptable limits, and which at the same time an exceptionally low residual moisture content reduced without the use of expensive dryers to less than one percent. It should be borne in mind that such an effect is achieved in the processing of plastics, which are normally in household waste, and so on. N. And there is no need to limit the "range" of plastic sent for recycling.

Set in one embodiment is connected for the coarse rattling agglomerator for screening fraction of agglomerate particles of excessive size.

Apparatus according to the invention and is connected to devices for holding the grinding air classifier to separate the heavy fraction of crushed material.

The air classifier at the rear opposite the blower area has screening section primarily shaker disposed substantially parallel to air flow generated by a blower and separating the rear region of the air classifier into an upper and a lower portion thereof so that the bottom of said zone adjoins conveyor and the upper part of this zone is connected to the wind tunnel with the middle section conveyor.

In one embodiment, the installation has an intermediate storage device, which provides a vertical auger for mixing the product placed on the storage and discharge device connected to the agglomerator.

Fine mesh to filter out the roar of the agglomerated material is fine-grained fraction is preferably in the form of a drum screen and placed in a drying section for drying the agglomerate.

Preferably connected to the agglomerator and the drying section of the vortex separator.

Apparatus according to the invention comprises in total connected to each other mechanisms for transporting components:

a) cutting swath chopper with a locking feeder discharge device which is connected to the loading device drum dryer;

b) a roller located behind the cutting shredder suspended magnet;

c) a drum dryer whose walls are perforated, and wherein the discharge device is connected to an air classifier loading device;

d) an air classifier, whose discharge device for the light fraction is connected to an intermediate storage receiver;

d) an intermediate storage device, which provides a vertical auger and a discharge device connected to the agglomerator;

f) an agglomerator with suction system for suction of volatile components in the agglomerate, which discharge device is connected to the dryer section;

g) a drying section, which is located trommel for screening fine-grain fraction of the agglomerated material and which is connected with a rod crash;

h) rod rumble, handling device which is connected to the undersize vibrating screen;

i) vibrating screen, a discharge device which is connected to undersize the intermediate storage and discharge device for the oversize product is connected with a vortex separator;

h) of the vortex separator, which is handling the device for non-metallic components connected to the blade grinder;

l) knife grinder, a discharge device which is connected to the vibrating screen;

m) intermediate storage.

Other advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail below in two embodiments of the process and embodiment of inventive apparatus, shown in the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1a-1e shows an example of the method according to the invention corresponding to the flow charts; FIG. 2 - the second embodiment of the method according to the invention in the corresponding block diagram.

FIG. 3a-3b - embodiment of the installation according to the invention, particularly for performing the method of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 - an exemplary embodiment of the air classifier used in the installation according to the invention.

	FIG. 5 - example of the agglomerator used in the installation according to the invention; FIG. 6 - the drying section an embodiment with a fine-mesh sieve, used in the installation according to the invention. FIG. 1a shows in general block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method according to the invention, comprising ten stages. The individual steps of this process, namely the pre-shredding, material recycling in the first stage, processing the material in the second step and the subsequent processing of the material explained in more detail in FIG. 1b-1e. Upon receipt of a bale with a mixture of plastic waste bales unpacked and sorted waste. Depending on the properties of either received their first pre-shredded plastic waste, or immediately sent to the primary crushing stage.

Pre-grinding of a mixture of plastic wastes must be provided primarily in the cases when the plastic contains a lot of foreign elements which may damage the blades of the grinding device. For pre-crushing of the material are, for example, guillotine shears with a durable, reliable knife that can cut loaded bales of plastic into smaller pieces. Because of the split in this way the material can then be separated using separator materials, which may lead to damage of the grinding unit in the next stage of processing. Through this the wear of the device is minimized. Simultaneously with this process is optimized passage material, since after pre-crushing it easier to process in the next step grinders.

The mixture of waste after removing therefrom foreign elements are ground, e.g., using a cutting roller shredder. The milled material is fed to the first stage of its preparation for agglomeration. At this preliminary stage is primarily magnetic material is removed, after which the mixture is recyclable primary drying (pre-drying). Further, due to the fine grain fraction is removed sifting inert components that can not be further processed together with the plastics.

From the first, preliminary, step using material distributor-metering conveyor serves several parallel sections connected to further processing installations plastic.

Each of these sections is designed for a second stage of material processing, and includes a device for sealing, and accordingly it agglomeration dryers.

This second preparatory step is removed from the material to be processed, heavy particles and inert substances, and then homogenized in an intermediate storage (storage buffer).

Processed in this way in the steps 1 and 2 are charged into the agglomerator, where it is compacted by compression (briquetting) or its partially quenched and reflowed, thereby realizing by thermal agglomeration; the aim of this process is to obtain a granular mass. The agglomeration process via ducting continuously aspirated volatiles such as eg steam, ash and paper. This agglomerate of almost completely remove substances that could hinder or even exclude the possibility of its further use. Then the agglomerated material passes a drying step, wherein the residual moisture content therein is adjusted to the required value (usually less than 1%).

Further, the dried and densified in several sections of process plant material is fed to the subsequent processing stage.

The purpose of this processing is the final finishing of the agglomerated material to such of conditions that enable its subsequent use for industrial purposes. To do this, the agglomerated material is first dried and sieved fine fraction comprising mainly particles larger than 1.6 mm. As shown by our studies in the fine fraction with a particle size of less than 1.6 mm provides the vast majority of the remaining volatile components such as ash and paper. Therefore, by sifting the fine-grained fraction concentration of ash and paper in the plastics agglomerate can be reduced to the limits of permissible significantly lower, it can be used as the starting raw material.

Then, to obtain the maximum uniform bulk mass size distribution of the sieved plastic agglomerate coarse fraction comprising mainly particles larger than 20 mm.

From the obtained upon completion of this operation, material is removed nonmagnetic metal material and optionally subjected to further grinding.

Redesigned by the above agglomerated material is then placed in interim storage, where it is until its later use.

Below in Fig. 1b-1e a method for carrying out the following steps is explained in detail: pre-grinding of material processing the material in the first stage, processing the material in a second stage and completing the processing of the material.

FIG. 1b is a block diagram showing a circuit for motion plastic mixture prior grinding step. Incoming waste plastic pre bales is cut preferably by guillotine shears or any other similar device. After this preliminary grinding material is passed through the device in the form of a hinged flap, actuation of which depends on the load collected on it. In this way, from heavy foreign components are removed mixture. Then by screening fine-grain fraction is removed from this mixture inert substances that can not be further processed together with the plastic and which, for example, heat treatment may be combusted in the agglomerator to form ash. Next, using a magnetic separator recovered magnetic materials.

Pre-crushed as described above, and by not having a foreign component material is fed to the stage of effective primary crushing. If grinding is carried out, for example, using a cutting roller shredder, thanks to the above-described pretreatment material threat is eliminated and damage to the shredder blades thereby increasing the service life of the latter. At the same time it increases the processing efficiency of the material previously crushed.

FIG. 1c shows the preparation of particulate material to agglomerate in the first step. For this purpose, from the prepared material by a magnetic separator magnetic metals are removed first. These metals together with those separated during pre-shredding forwarded for further use in an area where they can find applications.

The material is then subjected to heat drying in a tumble dryer. Due to the continuous movement of the material during the drying process it can be separated from adhering contaminants and inert particles. Tumble drier it is advisable to carry out a screening drum (rotating drum screen), allowing you to sift separated during drying these contaminants and inert particles. This reduces, inter alia, the concentration of particles in the heat treatment conducive material being processed (for example, by sintering) the formation of ash.

The second stage of the material preparation for agglomeration is shown in the flowchart of FIG. 1d. Feed materials via distribution and metering conveyor (see. Fig. 1a) is fed to the next stage comprising parallel connected multiple air classifiers (stream classification). In air classifiers separate the feed material from the first hard plastics, such as PVC. These substances are then sent to the appropriate further use. In air classifiers are separated from the material to be processed, in addition, such heavy foreign components which have not been removed by the magnetic separator. Also intended for recycling plastic light passed through the sorting section, where the screening of other inert substances. This sorting section can be performed, for example, in the form of a perforated bottom Vibrating. Alternatively, the method described material to be treated can be passed through a fixed bar screen. This enriched inert substances contained in undersize. Cell sizes are preferably selected so that through them could sift grains of size 3-7 mm, preferably less than 5 mm.

Weed inert substance as possible and sent to the appropriate future use.

Ready for further treatment after the removal of the product from it the heavy plastics and inert substances is placed in interim storage. This storage material is homogenized by stirring. If necessary, it is possible and further drying. In the intermediate storage material thus acquires among others, and the properties that are in the future to better regulate its loading into the agglomerator.

The homogenized material in the intermediate storage is agglomerated as described above, in the agglomerator while suction volatiles therefrom. Then, at the next step (drying step. See FIG. 1a) the thermal drying is carried out.

Of particular importance to the present invention has a material and subsequent processing, which is carried out after drying and compacting. This stage of processing the material shown in FIG. 1e.

Of agglomerated by melting and sudden cooling and then dried material is first sieved fine fraction primarily particle size of 1-2 mm, preferably less than 1.6 mm. For this purpose, it is desirable to apply the drum screen, but you can use the magnetic screens. Experimental studies have shown that for sifting fine fraction removed from the material being processed are volatile components that could not suck during sintering, such as paper and ash. With this method according to the invention without a step of drying wet plastic allows obtaining agglomerates of very high quality and with a minimum content of ash and paper.

Weed out the fine-grained fraction of the processed material can, if necessary, in turn be directed to the appropriate future use.

After the separation step lint, fibrous particles, etc. and a coarse fraction, which may include processing, such as rumble rod, by which the processed material is removed from the grain size of more than 20 mm, the material can be re-passed through a sieve to select particles of excessive size. Excess of the selected particle size (e.g., particle diameter 8 mm) is removed first nonmagnetic metals. For this purpose, preferably a vortex separation method. With the help of excessive particle size fractions can be reliably remove non-magnetic (paramagnetic) metals such as eg copper, aluminum and brass. Particle size fraction after removal of the excess of alien metal impurities it is then subjected to additional grinding (e.g., using a knife mill) and re-fed to the separation stage for separating the said particles.

For the selected non-magnetic metals provided the appropriate further use. In principle the selection of possible non-magnetic metals and fine screening stages between fractions and separation of excess particle size fractions, for example, immediately after the step of separating lint, fibrous particles, etc.

After the selection step excessive particle size agglomerated material placed in intermediate storage in the store in which the agglomerate can be additionally homogenised by stirring, if necessary. Such mechanical agitation at the same time prevents the formation of bridging in the agglomerate. From the intermediate storage agglomerate discharged as needed and can then guide for use in industrial applications.

Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in the flowchart of FIG. 2.

In this embodiment of the method of plastic waste mixture is processed according to the following multi-step scheme:

a) grinding the material to be processed;

b) removing magnetic (first ferromagnetic) material;

c) Thermal drying of the material being processed;

d) screening out the fine-grained fraction with a particle size of 5-10 mm, preferably less than 7 mm;

d) separating the heavy fraction with a density higher than the density of PVC;

e) filtration of a fine-grained fraction with particle size 3-7 mm, preferably less than 5 mm;

g) storing and homogenizing the material in the interim storage;

h) agglomerating the material being processed;

i) Thermal drying of the material;

k) screening out the fine-grained fraction with particle size 1-2 mm, preferably less than 1.6 mm;

l) screening coarse fraction having a particle size of 15-30 mm, preferably 20 mm;

m) sieving particle size of 5-10 mm, preferably 8 mm; extraction of non-magnetic metals from weed out the product; grinding weed out the product with the help of a knife grinder and returning screened out of the product to the plant for processing of material;

n) storage of recycled material in the intermediate storage device.

Following processing installation for performing the method of FIG. 2, explained in more detail in FIG. 3, where FIG. 3a shows the first part of the processing unit serving for preparation of the material and the agglomerator, and FIG. 3b shows a second part of the processing plant serving for the stage subsequent processing of the material, and intermediate storage. In a more detailed description of the transport means (conveyor belts, screw conveyors, pneumatic conveyors and the like. N.) By which the material is supplied to the corresponding processing step is not necessary because these devices do not have any additional distinctive signs (in particular, the use sieve dryer, etc.) which make them suitable for use in a reprocessing plant according to the invention.

Said apparatus includes a first processing step the cutting roller shredder 10. This shredder 10 is provided with a stopper feeder 12, which presses the loaded weight of the cutting rollers 11. The chopper 10 is disposed outboard magnet 15 serving as magnetic materials for extraction.

The next stage includes a dryer drum 20, simultaneously serving as a trommel. To this end wall 22 of the drum 21 are perforated.

The third step of forming an air classifier 30 for separating the heavy components of the plastic mixture. For removal from the processed material particles with a high specific density in an air classifier (aeroklassifikatore) used the principle of action, based on the different nature of the movement in the flow of varying size and density of the particles of air. In the front wall 30 of the air classifier is a blower 32, rear wall guide the air flow to the classifier 30. For regulating the air flow are provided guide plates 33 positioned at an angle to the direction of movement of the material. In the loading area 29 of the air classifier 30 is a plate magnet which serves to extract from the loaded air classifier 30 in magnetic material particles. The discharge device 31 is a receiver for fast descending heavier components coming from the air classifier 30.

In the rear region of the air classifier 30 to the metal grid 34 disposed generally parallel to the movement of the air flow generated by the blower 32, and configured as a vibrating screen, the fraction collected granular material to be processed. In this case of forming the processed material sieved undersize particle diameter of less than 5 mm and remove them through the discharge device 31. The larger particles (oversize product) transferred to the vibrating screen 34 at the bottom of the rear area of ​​the air classifier 30 receiving portion 38 of the scraper conveyor, which feeds them to the next processing step.

The area above the vibrating screen 34 the hollow particles, fragments etc. Foil entrained air flow created blower 32 into the wind tunnel 35, connecting the air classifier 30, with the middle section conveyor 38. Said upper zone 30 of the air classifier is covered mesh 36, which is used to reduce the pressure in the classifier.

Instead of the air classifier described above can be used similar type classifier whose design is shown in FIG. 4.

Powdered and not containing a foreign impurities plastic mixture can then be placed in intermediate storage 40. To this stirring mixture storage means 40 is provided a vertical screw 45. The intermediate storage 40 in the following allows to regulate the amount of material fed into the agglomerator 50.

The agglomerator 50 is equipped with exhaust system 55 through which the volatile components are sucked in during the agglomeration of the material, such as ash, steam and paper.

Drying the agglomerate is intended for a drying section 60 where the through screening drum simultaneously sieved fine fraction of the agglomerated material.

During the drying section with a roar for sifting fine grain provided rod rumble 70 designed to remove lint, fibrous particles, etc., but also large grains. 71 screen sieves rod 70 have cells that provide screening oversize product forming agglomerate coarse fraction (particle size more than 20 mm).

Undersize product from the rod screen 70 into the separator 75 to the movable working member, which can be carried out, for example, in the form (in this case) vibrating screen or a drum, respectively, oscillating screen and which is intended for separating introduced therein agglomerate into two fractions: with a particle size of more than 8 mm (oversize product) and the second having a particle size of less than 8 mm (undersize). Undersize product consisting of particles less than 8 mm, using a conveyor belt 79 is sent directly into the intermediate storage device 100.

For particles larger than 8 mm further reprocessing is provided, with which the aim oversize product is fed to a vortex separator 80. In this separator 80, equipped with a magnetic rotating drum 81, after magnetizing the non-magnetic components and their extraction is material not containing metallic impurities. Not containing metal impurities, the product is fed from the vortex separator 80 in the cutter mill 90. This mill 90 is a further refinement of the particles that are larger than 8 mm. As shown in FIG. 3B by the dashed line 99, the product of the cutter mill 90 is fed to the vibrating screen again 75 where ground particles are sieved again. This arrangement provides a hit in storage device 100 only those particles whose size is less than 8 mm and which can subsequently be used for industrial purposes.

Alternatively, the described embodiment of the vortex separator 80 can be placed between a roar for sifting fine grain and the separator 75, for example, immediately after the crash rod 70.

The following describes the process of a method for processing plastic including foreign elements, using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3.

Using conveyor belts 1 and 2 of the plastic waste - if necessary, pre-shredded - is fed to the cutting roller shredder 10. In order to prevent problems that may occur in the capture of volume of plastic parts with low weight, in particular foils and hollow bodies since eg the last not captured and bounce off the rotating rollers provided a lock feeder 12 is pressed against the feed material to the rotating rollers 11. The chopper 10 material crushed to 30-100 mm, preferably 50-65 mm. Then the crushed material through the conveyor belt 19 is discharged from the shredder. After discharge from the grinder 10 of the plastic waste mixture with an overhead magnet magnetic material 15 is removed, primarily ferromagnetic components.

Milled and not containing a magnetic material component is fed into rotary dryer 20, where it is subjected to thermal drying. The rotating drum 21 provides a constant material flow in the drying process, whereby the material adhered to the contaminants and inert particles are separated. Since the wall 22 of the drum 21 are perforated in the drying process takes place simultaneously screening of fine grain processed product with a particle size of 5-10 mm, preferably less than 7 mm. This fine grain fraction comprises inerts such as eg sand grains, glass splinters and the like, which can not be further processed together with the plastic and which, in particular, in the sintering process, can contribute to the formation of ash.

For thermal drying is preferably used heat generated by the diesel engine, the supply of energy processing plant.

For the separation of heavier components and containing dried over inerts material is then fed through the loading zone 29 to the air classifier 30, where the material is entrained by air flow generated by the blower 32. To remove particles from the material being processed with a higher relative density PVC with air classifier ( aeroklassifikatore) the principle of action, based on the different nature of the movement in the flow of varying size and density of the particles of air. This applies to both the heavy plastic components and to foreign impurities which were not removed in previous stages of processing.

Heavy components in the air flow and descend quickly from the air classifier are discharged through discharge device 31. The lighter plastic components are moved during the second part of the classifier 30. The granular fraction going to the vibrating screen 34 where forming sifted undersize particles less than 5 mm, in particular therefore containing inerts fine grain fraction, which are discharged through discharge device 31. Oversize material is fed vibrating screen to the scraper conveyor 38, which removes the product from the air classifier. Hollow particles, fragments etc. Foil captured by the air flow and the bypass (wind tunnel) 35 are fed into the middle section of the conveyor 38. This reduces the load on the receiving part of the conveyor 38 and thereby preventing the risk of clogging and dust.

A more detailed action air classifier concept is explained below in FIG. 4. The chain conveyor 39 delivers the material to be treated 38 in the intermediate storage 40. This storage 40 the particulate material to prevent bridging and stirred for homogenization with a vertical screw 45. The intermediate storage 40 provides, in addition, possible to adjust subsequently feeding material into the agglomerator 50. Keeping the material in the intermediate storage where it is periodically supplied, allows to adjust the amount of material supplied for further processing in the agglomerator 50.

The agglomerator 50 is reflowed plastic product, after which begins the process of agglomeration. Then the material is quenched. The aim of agglomeration is to act on the flowability of the material being processed parameters such that the particle size distribution was more uniform, more uniform particle shape and bulk density to increase. The presence of plastic in municipal waste items, preferably non-large mass such as a foil, a variety of packaging and the like, contributes to the fact that by agglomerating a product with high density and small size. Thus, it should be ensured for obtaining a uniform composition, free-flowing granulate which can be easily transported, dosed and directed to further use.

Of particular importance for the process according to the invention is the fact that during the agglomeration of the material to be processed through the exhaust system 55 are sucked volatiles such as eg steam, ash and paper. Due to this concentration of impurities in said alien agglomerate is substantially reduced.

Then, the agglomerate is fed to a dryer section 60 where it is subjected to thermal drying, bringing the residual moisture content to the required value (usually less than 1%). During the drying process by means of the screening drum simultaneously sinter sieved fine fraction (particle size less than 1.6 mm).

Experimental studies have shown that this fine grain fraction contains a large amount of agglomerate contained in the paper, ash and other similar substances. Therefore, screening fine-grain fraction enables again substantially reduce the concentration of these impurities in the agglomerate. Due suctioning volatile substances during agglomeration and subsequent sifting fine fraction obtained agglomerate whose ash content significantly below the allowable upper limit.

After separation of the fine fraction of agglomerate sieved using a rod screen 70 coarse fraction (particle size more than 20 mm). Thus, after the first serial screening fine and coarse fractions then during further processing of the plastic agglomerate is composed of particles with sizes in the range of 1.6 mm and longer than 20 mm. This bulk product is distinguished primarily by low content of foreign impurities and is therefore particularly suitable for further use.

This bulk product was re-screened using a vibrating screen 75. The particles less than 8 mm form the undersize, which is a mechanical conveyor 79 is fed into the intermediate storage 100. The storage 100 is a product before it is sent for further use in industrial applications.

Particles with a size greater than 8 mm (oversize product) is fed in the vortex separator 80 in which the agglomerate is removed from the nonmagnetic metals. In the separator 80 to agglomerate to an alternating magnetic field generated by a rotating magnetic drum 81. Due to this in the metal particles according to Maxwell's equations are induced eddy currents and the metal particles are magnetized. In this way it is possible to extract these metals.

After removing the non-magnetic metal particles are larger than 8 mm is fed into a loadable top knife grinder 90 where they are milled. As shown by the dotted line 99 in FIG. 3, the ground product is supplied again from the knife grinder 90 in a vibrating screen separator 75 where it is re-sieved. This arrangement ensures the supply to the intermediate storage device 100 only particle size of less than 8 mm.

In the intermediate drive 100 is ready to agglomerate before it is sent for further use. During unloading from the storage agglomerate 100 may be provided and the possibility of re-checking, for example, using a magnetic separator for the presence therein of ferromagnetic remaining components, especially iron and steel particles.

Further provided corresponding use of the allocated further separation of recyclable material components primarily of ferromagnetic metals, inert substances (glass, sand etc), heavy plastic components, and fine grain size fractions excess plastic particulate agglomerate and a nonmagnetic metal.

The above setup enables processing method net drying the mixture of plastic waste, especially waste from thermoplastic recycling which is adapted to combine Duales System Deutschland (an organization created by the manufacturers of packaging for various goods, and trading firms; its tasks include the collection of used packaging, their pre-sorting and delivery to places of processing and export, and waste not suitable for recycling). With such processing alien impurity concentration in the agglomerate, especially metals, ash, paper, sand and glass splinters is reduced so much that it allows to use, without any difficulty, the product further, for example in extruders. The particle size, as well as the bulk density of the agglomerate does not exceed specified limits.

Thus, using the method described above is obtained the corresponding product bulk density, which corresponds to the quality requirements for this type of material regenerated for its future use as a raw material. In the method, no wet cleaning step, thereby eliminating the need for costly and energy intensive steps of drying wet plastic. Additional energy savings achieved by combining electrical and thermal energy required for the installation.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the air classifier designs.

Processed material is loaded into the air classifier 130 from above through the charging device 131, and then it moves generated by the blower 132 air flow under the magnet 133 (the so-called "magnet-cop", which reveals the presence contained in the material of the residual magnetic components and removes them) to the guide plate 134, 135. The reflector 134 and the rotary guide plates 135 serve to regulate the flow of air entrained and moving them in the vibratory trough material 136. in this case, the trough is separated heavy particles which rapidly descend and fall into a discharge shaft 138 for the heavy fraction of this. The lighter fraction is continued forward movement of the chute 136.

Vibration chutes 136 are driven by springs 140. The end area of ​​the vibrating chute on the perforated bottom portion 137 going grained fraction of the material being processed. Dimensions of the perforated portion 137 of the bottom cell are selected so that they are eliminated by forming the undersize particle size less than 5 mm, falling then into the discharge shaft 138. The larger particles form the oversize product, which by means of the scraper chain conveyor 141 is removed from the air classifier 130.

Vibrating trough 136 is connected to the scraper chain conveyor 141 and the wind tunnel 139. In this wind tunnel and other fragments of the foil is particularly lightweight components directly into the central section of the scraper chain conveyor 141.

FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the agglomerator 50 with a drive motor 51. The agglomeration process is carried out in this device by the known method, namely the reflow material to be processed and then rapidly cooling it. A special role in the present embodiment plays a hood 55, through which the sucked off during agglomeration volatile substances, such as steam, paper, ash etc. By these substances duct 56 is fed into a corresponding device for cleaning. Due suctioning foreign volatiles content of impurities in the resulting bulk product agglomeration is minimized.

In the agglomerator 50 further provided a hopper 57 through which the bulk product obtained by agglomerating enters the air conveyor 59 where it moves the air flow discharge fan 58, and dried.

FIG. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the dryer section 60 consisting of a fine-mesh air conveyor 61 and drum screen 65 for the agglomerated material.

Blowers 61 feeds the agglomerate in the trommel screen 65 where the product is separated and dried at the same time. Material is moved through the rotating drum screen 65, which has perforated walls of the cell diameter, which allows forming sift undersize particles less than 1.6 mm, whereupon they fall into the receiving container 68. Oversize material is discharged through the discharge device 66 and fed to the the next stage of processing.

If the crashing fine mesh 65 arranged directly behind the agglomerator 50 then the pneumatic conveyer 61 is a continuation of FIG. 5, air conveyor 59, by which material is removed from the agglomerator 50.

CLAIM

1. A method for processing plastic mixtures, in particular mixtures of waste plastics, in which the feed material is crushed in the step of grinding and agglomerating particulate material, wherein particulate material is removed from the magnetic components during agglomeration volatile substances are removed by means of suction devices, agglomerated material is dried and sieved.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the agglomerated material is screened out of the fine fraction via a fine-mesh screen.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the agglomerated material is screened out of the large particles using a rod screen.

4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed material is ground to a grinding step by the cutting roller shredder.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the cutting roller shredder feed material is milled to a particle size of 30 - 100 mm, preferably 50 mm.

6. A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that to optimize the movement of material in the milling step simultaneously use several cutting roller shredder.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4 - 6, characterized in that the material to be treated before it is fed into the pre-cutting roller crusher crushed and it is fed into the cutting roller shredder with a retaining feeder.

8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that after pre-crushing of material being processed components is removed, the mass of which exceeds a certain predetermined value, wherein the removal is carried out by passing the pre-crushed material through the device in the form of a hinged flap, actuation of which depends on the collected load thereon.

9. The method of claim. 7 or 8, characterized in that after pre-crushing of the material to be processed before it is fed to the primary crushing step by a magnetic separator magnetic components are removed.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding material to be processed after the step of grinding the main magnetic components are removed from it by means of a magnetic separator, preferably suspended magnet.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredded material is thermally dried in a rotary dryer.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed material is fed by a blower into an air classifier and the ground material is removed from the components, the specific density of which exceeds a certain predetermined value.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the fraction of processed grain product lung using a mechanical conveyor is removed from the air classifier, and fragments of foil is fed through a wind tunnel of the air classifier into the middle section of the mechanical conveyor.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the milled out and not containing a magnetic material components inerts removed by moving it to a mechanical conveyor equipped with vibrating screens.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the screened out from the material to be processed particle size of less than 5 mm using a vibrating screen.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material to be treated before it is fed into the agglomerator homogenized by stirring in an intermediate storage.

17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material to be treated in the first agglomerator is reflowed, and then quenched.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the agglomerated material is dried in the drying section, leading to a residual moisture content of a certain predetermined value, and a fine grain fraction of the agglomerated material is screened out using a drum screen.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the drying is carried out while moving the material pneumatic conveyor.

20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by drying the residual moisture content of the agglomerated material is adjusted to less than 1%.

21. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the agglomerated material is screened out of the fine particles of less than 1 - 2 mm, preferably less than 1.6 mm.

22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the larger particles are screened out and lint from the agglomerated material by a rod screen.

23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sifting coarse fraction from the agglomerated material remove particles larger than 20 mm.

24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sintered material removed via the vortex separator nonmagnetic metals.

25. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grain size fraction of the excess, formed during treatment of the material, especially particles larger than 8 mm is separated by a movable vibrating screen and re-ground in a blade mill.

26. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary processing plastics containing foreign components is carried out in several stages: a) the comminuted plastic with a cutting roller grinder particle razmerova preferably 50 - 65 mm; b) removing the magnetic materials using a magnetic separator; c) the feed material is thermally dried in a drum dryer; g) sieved fine fraction having a particle size of less than 5 - 10 mm, preferably less than 7 mm, using a drum screen; d) the heavy fraction is separated by an air classifier; e) The sieved fine fraction having a particle size of less than 3 - 7 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, the sorting section; g) store and homogenized recyclable material in the intermediate storage; h) the feed material is agglomerated in the agglomerator while the volatile components by suction by means of the exhaust system; i) the agglomerated material is dried in the dryer section; k) sieved fine fraction having a particle size of less than 1 - 2 mm, preferably less than 1.6 mm, using a drum screen; l) a coarse fraction sieved to a particle size of 15 - 30 mm, preferably more than 20 mm, using a rod screen; m) screen out particles larger than 5 - 10 mm, preferably 8 mm, via vibrating screen, the larger oversize particles form a product, and smaller undersize particles form; n) undersize is fed into the intermediate storage; a) non-magnetic metals are removed from the oversize product with a vortex separator comminuted oversize product using cutting mill and re-ground material is fed on the shaker.

27. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processed material removed from the components, particularly the magnetic and non-magnetic metals, inert substances, heavy plastic components, and screened out fraction and a fine fraction the particle size of the excess respectively placed in separate storage of intermediate storage for subsequent use.

28. The method according to any one of claims 12 - 27, characterized in that the particulate material to increase throughput is directed through multiple air classifiers connected in parallel and / or a vibrating screen.

29. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy required for the operation of the processing unit, particularly the energy required for drying, is obtained by combining the electrical and thermal energy.

30. Apparatus for processing plastic mixtures having foreign components, primarily intended for carrying out the method, comprising apparatus for grinding an agglomerator for the crushed material, and means for selecting from the fine fraction of the agglomerate, characterized in that it further comprises a magnetic separator to the exhaust system extraction of volatile substances during agglomeration and drying section for the agglomerated material, and means for selecting from the fine fraction of the agglomerate is made as a fine-mesh screen to filter out fine fraction.

31. The apparatus of claim. 30, characterized in that it has connected for the agglomerator for screening the coarse fraction crashing agglomerate particles of excessive size.

32. Apparatus according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that it has connected for the grinding devices for air classifier to separate the heavy fraction of crushed material.

33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the air classifier in the rear opposite to the blower, has sifting zone section primarily shaker disposed substantially parallel to air flow generated by a blower and separating the rear region of the air classifier at its upper and lower portion so that the bottom of said zone adjacent conveyor, and the upper part of said zone is connected to the wind tunnel with the middle section of the scraper conveyor.

34. Apparatus according to any one of claims 30 - 33, characterized in that it has an intermediate storage device, which provides a vertical auger for mixing the product placed on the storage and discharge device connected to the agglomerator.

35. Apparatus according to any one of claims 30 - 34, characterized in that the fine-meshed screening for rumbling of agglomerated fine fraction material is designed as a drum screen and placed in a drying section for drying the agglomerate.

36. Apparatus according to any one of claims 30 - 35, characterized in that the agglomerator is connected to the drying section of the vortex separator.

37. Apparatus according to any one of claims 30 - 36, characterized in that it contains are connected to each other mechanisms for transporting components: a) a shredder with a cutting roller lock feeder, a discharge device which is connected with the loading device the drum dryer; b) a roller located behind the cutting shredder suspended magnet; c) a drum dryer whose walls are perforated, and wherein the discharge device is connected to an air classifier loading device; d) an air classifier, whose discharge device for the light fraction is connected to an intermediate storage receiver; d) an intermediate storage device, which provides a vertical auger and a discharge device connected to the agglomerator; f) an agglomerator with suction system for suction of volatile components in the agglomerate, which discharge device is connected to the dryer section; g) a drying section, which is located trommel for screening fine-grain fraction of the agglomerated material and which is connected with a rod crash; h) rod rumble, handling device which is connected to the undersize vibrating screen; i) vibrating screen, a discharge device which is connected to undersize the intermediate storage and discharge device for the oversize product is connected with a vortex separator; h) of the vortex separator, which is handling the device for non-metallic components connected to the blade grinder; l) knife grinder, a discharge device which is connected to the vibrating screen; m) intermediate storage.

print version
Publication date 19.02.2007gg

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