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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2164446
METHOD FOR PROCESSING OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTES
The name of the inventor:
The name of the patent holder: "The company" Spetskommuntekhnika "
Address for correspondence: 127410, Moscow, Altufevskoe sh. 73, LLC "Company" Spetskommuntekhnika "
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.06.15
Utilization: processing of solid household waste with the purpose of extracting valuable components from them, reducing the cost of disposal of solid waste.
The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of technological operations for MSW processing .
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that solid waste is sent for sorting and then compacted by pressing. At the same time, joint sorting of tailings and solid waste is carried out at the content of tailings in the waste mixture from 25 to 75% , and the tailings can be subjected to sorting tailings at the depth of sorting of the initial SDW , regulated by the yield of useful products in the range of 4-25% .
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of solid domestic waste (SDW) processing and can be used in installations for their complex processing and enrichment in the cities of the Russian Federation.
Currently, in Russia, about 99% of the mass of solid waste is removed by garbage trucks to landfills, located, as a rule, at a considerable distance from the city. To reduce the costs of disposal, two-stage solid waste removal is practiced: from the accumulation sites, solid waste is removed by collecting garbage trucks to the garbage transfer stations ( MPS ), where they are compacted (compacted, pressed) and reloaded to disposal facilities. In a number of cases, the MPS uses sorting to extract the waste components.
There is a known method for sorting solid waste ( ASMetrosov, Waste Management, Publishing House "Gardariki", Moscow, 1999, pp. 121, 123 ), including the manual selection of various valuable components from the belt of a slow-moving conveyor on which " And a part of the black scrap metal (especially coarse-grained scrap) is preliminarily removed, and the textile components and large fragments of the polyethylene film overlapping the waste on the conveyor and hampering their manual selection are removed. " To increase the efficiency of manual sorting, waste is preliminarily divided into several fractions by size.
Disadvantages of this method : there is no provision for the allocation of hazardous and ballast components, there is no mechanized sorting, and the issue of optimal management of tailings is not solved.
The closest to the technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is the method of processing solid waste , including sorting them with the production of useful products and tailings, followed by their compaction by pressing ( LG Fedorov, Trends in the development of garbage transshipment stations in the Moscow region, Scientific and Technical Journal " Clean City ", 1998, N 2, pp. 8-9 ).
The shortcomings of the known method include the low efficiency of compaction of solid waste by the pressing method (packaging), after sorting them due to the artificial increase in the sorting of food waste in the tailings. Thus, when bundling waste with strapping wire, the strength of the packets is not ensured and the latter fall apart during transportation (the content of food waste exceeds 50% ).
The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of processing of solid waste by sorting and compacting.
The stated technical problem is solved in such a way that in the method of processing of solid waste including sorting them to obtain useful products and tailings and then compacting them by pressing, the sorting tails, together with a portion of the original MSW , are compacted with the tailings content in the waste mixture ranging from 25 to 75% . At the same time, the sorting tails can be subjected to compaction with a depth of sorting of the original SDW regulated within 4-25% (by output).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As a result of the conducted studies, it was established the possibility of optimizing the processing of solid household waste on the basis of sorting them with the production of useful products and tailings, followed by their compaction by pressing, which creates favorable conditions for the joint compaction of tailings and solid waste . At the same time, joint sorting of tailings and TBT tailings is carried out at the content of tailings in the waste mixture from 25 to 75% , where the tailings can be subjected to sorting tailings when yielding useful products is within 4-25% of the original MSW .
The invention is explained in the drawings, wherein:
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FIG. 1 shows the technological scheme of MSW sorting and compaction;
FIG. 2 - influence of the composition of waste on their compaction
EXAMPLE OF A SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Studies were carried out on samples of solid waste .
The raw material is delivered to the MSW sorting (Figure 1) . With the help of methods of manual and mechanized sorting of solid waste transported by belt conveyors, useful products (waste paper, glass, plastics, wood, textiles, metals) are isolated. Output of useful products is 5-40% of sorted solid household waste (depending on their composition, higher extraction of components corresponds to the priority sorting of solid domestic waste from non-residential sector of the city - commercial and commercial enterprises, administrative and educational institutions, etc.). Sorting tails are compacted.
Experiments have shown ( Figure 2 ) that sealing the tailings of sorting together with unsorted TBT provides, with a certain ratio of waste, a better compaction of the material with a constant force of the pushing plate of the sealing device. So, with the content of tailings in the mixture of compacted waste from 25 to 75% , the mass of compacted waste increases by 10% compared to the compaction of unsorted solid waste that is removed from the city. At the same time, packages of sealed waste, tied with wire, are strengthened.
When sorting all primary MSWs and extracting more than 25% of useful components from them, the sorting tails are poorly packaged (wire binding does not ensure the strength of the packages) due to the increase in the content of the food fraction in them by more than 50% . Therefore, the depth of sorting should be regulated by the yield of useful products within the range of 4-25% (when output of useful products is less than 4%, the sorting is inappropriate for economic reasons).
The increase in the degree of compaction is explained by the fact that when the waste is sealed together, the volume occupied by air decreases due to changes in the composition and size of the waste to be compacted, in particular, the content of PET bottles , glass and tin containers, bulky items, etc., Strengthening of bundled wire bags is explained by a decrease in the content of food fraction in the waste.
The described method, implemented in the design, construction and operation of complexes for MSW sorting and compaction, is of great importance for the economic and social development of Russian cities: waste disposal costs are minimized, the turnover of collecting garbage trucks increases, commercial profit from the sale of products is obtained, those. The most important city tasks are being solved.
CLAIM
A method for processing solid domestic wastes ( MSW ), including sorting them to produce useful products and tailings, followed by compaction by pressing, characterized in that the tailings are subjected to sorting tails together with a portion of the original MSW, with a tailings content in the waste mixture ranging from 25 to 75% .
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tailings are subjected to sorting tailings when the useful product is discharged within the range of 4 to 25% of the sorted solid waste .
print version
Date of publication 06.11.2006гг
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