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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2253668
METHOD FOR PROCESSING WASTE WASTE WASTE AND DEVICE
FOR THE PROCESSING OF WASTE OF URBAN SOLVENTS
The name of the inventor: Khrustalev E.N. (RU); Khrustaleva Т.М. (RU); Khrustaleva I.E.
The name of the patent holder: Khrustalev Evgeniy Nikolaevich (RU); Khrustaleva Tatyana Mikhailovna (RU); Khrustaleva Irina E.
Address for correspondence: 170042, Tver, ul. Skvortsova-Stepanova, 18, apt.66, E. Khrustaleva
The effective date of the patent: 2003.11.12
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for processing domestic waste and industrial debris of urban landfills before their complete elimination. The method of garbage processing consists in profiling the landfill site in the process of accumulation of garbage, excavating debris from the landfill, sorting out debris with the separation of metal scrap, stones and non-combustible construction waste, briquetting after sorting the debris. After profiling, the landfill site is divided into technological sites, which are sprinkled with peat and, if available, with sawdust. Sorting of garbage is carried out by layer-by-layer cyclic surface processing of the technological areas with canines of rotor trimmers of peat stumps and then by working bodies of stone-cutting construction and road machines with simultaneous mixing of peat and in the presence of sawdust with debris along the depths of sites and shaking on separators of large and then small scrap metal , Stones and fireproof construction waste with filling them in the bunkers of machines for further transport outside the landfill. Purified mixed with peat and if available - with sawdust, the debris is subjected to surface grinding by layer-by-layer milling by a complex of milling peat machines. The milled garbage crumb in mixture with peat and wood sawdust is subjected to drying under the influence of solar radiation in the summer months or by freezing the moisture in the winter season and is harvested in accordance with the technology of harvesting milling peat for further storage in stacks and briquetting in household fuel. The device for garbage disposal of urban landfills includes a complex of profiling and hoisting machines, a sorting production site, briquetting presses. The sorting production site is made in the form of peat-laid and peat-laid and, if available, woody sawdust processing sites located throughout the landfill area of the garbage, and the technological base is made of a peat-based machine complex cyclically working on the landfill sites, consisting of a rotary rooting machine with a separator and a hopper- A store of large metal scrap, stones and non-combustible construction waste, and a stone-harvesting road-building machine with a separator and storage hopper for small scrap metal, stones and non-combustible construction waste, and a surface-layered milling machine for peeled and mixed peat and if available - with wood sawdust of technological sites, as well as from peat mowers, swaths and harvesting machines of milling peat for periodic collection of dried peat and if available - with sawdust debris, subjected to briquetting on peat presses. The invention makes it possible to eliminate the garbage accumulated in urban landfills within 10-15 years with an increase in the ecology of the environment and without significant expenditure of funds from the city budget.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The inventions relate to the technology and devices for processing domestic waste and industrial debris of urban landfills until their complete elimination.
A method for producing briquetted fuel from domestic garbage is known, which includes mixing the garbage with water, separating the insoluble precipitate, forming briquettes from the remaining viscous fuel and drying the briquettes, the mixture of garbage and water in a weight ratio of 1 
2 ... 8) boil for 0.5 ... 1.5 hours and the boiled mass is left to exfoliate to an insoluble residue and a viscous combustible mass, and the briquettes are dried at 100 ° C [1].
A disadvantage of the known method of garbage processing is considerable energy consumption for boiling of garbage in water and drying of viscous mass, a long duration of the drying process, and a high cost of heat treatment of the organic part of the waste during boiling. At the same time, significant harmful gas emissions and atmospheric air pollution occur during boiling, and the drying must be carried out until the mechanical properties are reached, which are optimal for making a strong press by the press.
The closest in technology to the proposed method is a method for processing garbage in urban landfills, which consists in sorting solid waste products of production and consumption with the separation of valuable fractions suitable for secondary processing, followed by crushing and pressing to the density of natural soils, and bundling in blocks of standard sizes with further disposal of waste On the landfill and their recycling [2].
The disadvantage of the known method of garbage disposal of urban landfills is the large costs for the construction of stationary sorting and processing complexes that implement the method, as well as the need for diversion of polygons for storage of packaged recyclables and for its recycling. The method is energy-intensive and requires significant consumption of heat and electricity. In this method, the organic part of the waste, the so-called "tails", after sorting is processed on separate production lines, and, basically, operations are carried out with solid fractions of landfills.
The device [1] for urban garbage recycling is known, which includes areas for storage of domestic garbage with organic and inorganic components, garbage collection devices, loading devices, a garbage mixer with water in a storage tank, insoluble sludge filters, a cooler and a briquetting press with a dryer .
The disadvantages of the known garbage disposal device for urban landfills are the significant energy costs for boiling debris with water and drying the viscous mass, the long duration of the drying process, significant emissions of harmful gas emissions and atmospheric air pollution, the high cost of the production complex and its considerable size to operate at full capacity when large Volumes of garbage in urban dumpsites.
The closest in terms of technical essence to the proposed device is a device for automated waste sorting and garbage processing complex MSC / MPC Stanko (Moscow) [2], consisting of a warehouse for solid waste production and consumption, conveyors, separators of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, briquetting press With bundling of briquettes, trestles with a conveyor and workplaces for sorting waste, crushers for grinding waste, a separator for screening small fractions, as well as an automated control system for the complex, the complex for grinding solid fractions is equipped with a rotary crusher, and for selection of large-sized waste - special lifting Devices.
The disadvantage of the well-known waste sorting and recycling complex is its significant cost of erection in the territories of urban landfills, the high energy intensity of technological operations, the use of manual labor in sorting areas, the bacteriological danger of environmental pollution from the unprocessed organic part of garbage brought for processing, the disposal of packages of solid waste debris after sorting Separately allocated landfills for future recycling.
The technical result of the proposed method of garbage disposal of urban landfills, consisting in the profiling and compaction of the landfill area in the process of accumulation of garbage, excavation of garbage from the landfill, sorting of debris with the separation of large and small fractions of scrap metal, stones and non-combustible construction waste, briquetting after sorting the remains of debris , Is achieved by the fact that after profiling the territory of the lamb is divided into technological cycles that are recycled, which are covered with a surface layer of peat with excavated moisture and in the presence of sawdust-waste of woodworking production, sorting of garbage is carried out by layer-by-layer cyclic surface processing of the technological areas with the canines of rotary stubbing stumps peat and then Working bodies of stone-cutting construction and road machines with simultaneous mixing of peat and sawdust with garbage in the depth of sites by 0.4 ... 0.5 m and shaking on separators of large, and then small metal scrap, stones and non-combustible construction waste with accumulation of them In the bunkers of machines for further transport outside the landfill, and the cleaned mixed with peat and sawdust debris is subjected to surface grinding by layer-by-layer milling by a complex of milling peat machines, the milled crumb in mixture with peat and wood sawdust is dried under the influence of solar radiation in the summer season Or by freezing the moisture in the winter season and cleaned in accordance with the technology of harvesting the milling peat for further storage in stacks and briquetting in household fuel.
The proposed method for processing garbage in urban landfills makes it possible, within 10-15 years, to completely destroy the accumulated volume of garbage in landfills of cities with a population of up to 0.5 million inhabitants and an average level of industry development with a year-round working process, without spending the city budget on the construction of specialized waste processing plants , At the same time, briquetting and pressing equipment, idle in the peat industry, and modern complexes of preparatory, mining and processing machines are used. The peat industry is being restored due to additional peat extraction for its use in the technological areas of the landfill, while peat plays the role of a binder, fuel and antiseptic for the destruction of putrefactive residues of household waste in a landfill, wood sawdust of sawmills is recycled into fuel, thereby increasing the ecology of the surrounding landfill Environment. Operations on the separation and shaking of large and small fractions of metal scrap and stones, construction debris directly on the landfill sites are more productive than manual separation on the conveyors of a stationary waste-processing plant. The briquette fuel produced on the basis of trash, peat and wood sawdust is sufficiently suitable for domestic needs and is especially effective when it is processed by pyrolysis to produce liquid fuels suitable for more efficient heating and hot water supply for residential and industrial premises in appropriate installations. The production of combustible trash by surface-layered milling makes it possible to grind garbage cleaned from large and small incombustible inclusions to the smallest fractions, including waste from wooden structures, glass, small bricks, plastic, etc., which are knitted with small fractions of spilled and mixed with Peat debris and become suitable for the formation of briquettes.
The technical result of a garbage disposal facility for urban landfills, whose main technological base includes a complex of profiling (bulldozers) and hoisting-and-transport machines (excavators, freight transport, etc.), sorting production site, briquetting presses is achieved by the fact that the sorting production site is made In the form of profiled and littered with peat and wood sawdust of technological sites arranged throughout the area of the landfill, and the technological base is made of a peat machinery complex cyclically working on the landfill sites, consisting of a rotary rooting machine with a separator and a storage bin of a large metal scrap, Stones and non-combustible construction waste, and after it a stone-picking construction and road machine with a separator and storage bunker of small scrap metal, stones and non-combustible construction waste, and a machine for surface-layerwise milling of cleaned and mixed with peat and sawdust processing sites, and And from peat mowers, swaths and milling peat mooring machines for the periodic collection of dried with peat and sawdust debris, subjected to further briquetting on peat presses.
The proposed arrangement of the technological complex for garbage disposal of urban landfills allows, when creating profiled technological sites throughout the landfill area, a consistent layer-by-layer destruction of garbage accumulated at urban landfills through cyclic use of the machinery complex of the peat and construction-road industry of the national economy and its processing into domestic fuel. The creation of technological profiled sites with pouring and mixing them with peat and wood sawdust makes it possible to carry out year-round cyclic operation of the proposed machine complex, to obtain the final product - fuel briquettes of sufficient strength on the basis of peat binder. For the first time it is proposed to use stump blades of the type MPT-81, stone-harvesting machines for mixing peat and sawdust with rubbish and for separating debris into large and small fractions and accumulating scrap metal, stones and non-combustible building waste in bunkers for export outside the landfill. For the first time, it was proposed to use layer-surface milling peat machines of the MTP-42A type (with deep milling, including a frozen peat deposit together with a shrub to a depth of 0.4 m) as a landfill shredder. Cleaning and briquetting of garbage crumb obtained in the process of drying together with peat and wood sawdust is carried out periodically by a complex of peat harvesting machines and constantly working peat presses. Thus, with minimal costs for creating the proposed technological complex by using cyclically acting peat and road-building machines in a certain sequence, it is possible to make a complete recycling of garbage collected at city landfills with obtaining recyclables and household briquette fuel.
The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing, where the block diagram and schematically the working bodies of a technological landfill cyclically operating on the profiled technological sites of a municipal landfill, composed of peat and road-building machines operating periodically in a certain sequence, are presented.
The device for garbage disposal of urban landfills consists of periodically and sequentially working one after another in a closed year-round cycle of peat and construction-road machines consisting of profilers of 1 technological landfill sites in the form of bulldozers and screw profilers of peat type MTTP-52, self-propelled corrugator 2 in The stumper stump MTP-81, the next working body of the stone-picking road-building machine 3 with separators 4 large and small solid inclusions and storage hoppers 5, surface-layer cutting machines in the form of a peat milling cutter 6 type MTP-42A with plate mills 7 , Capable of milling, including a fumed peat deposit with a shrub to a depth of 0.4 m; Periodically leaving tractor 8 for drying garbage crumb type VF-1VSZ, as well as for cleaning the dried trash crumbs of stacking machines 9 of type MTF-71 or bunker bucket or pneumatic harvesting machines 10 of type MTF-43, removing garbage from the rolls prepared by swathers 11 peat type VFT-37, and delivering it to peat presses 12 to obtain fuel briquettes 13.
The arrangement of the technological complex for garbage processing of urban landfills works as follows. Profilers 1 first roughly with a bulldozer and then more accurately a screw profiler (MTP-52) make and equalize the entire area of the garbage dump technological platforms that are covered with a layer of excavated peat and, if present, with a layer of sawdust and mixed with the surface layer of debris in the process of extracting large and Small inclusions of scrap metal, stones and non-combustible solid building waste of rotary corrugator 2 (MTP-81) and the stone-harvesting road-building machine 3 following it, which extract and separate inclusions of garbage on separators 4 and transport them to hoppers 5 for further exportation Beyond the landfill and recycling. The technological platform cleaned from solid inclusions is milled with a layer-by-mill 6 (MTP-42A), for example with disc milling cutters 7, to obtain crushed garbage crumb mixed with peat and wood sawdust, which, during the drying process, is tossed by tedders 8 (WF-1BC) In a stacking machine 9 (MTF-71) or collected in the harvesting machine bunkers 10 (MTF-43) from the rolls prepared by rake 11 (WFT-37). Collected in stacks or bunker harvesting machines, trash crumb enters the peat press 12 to produce fuel briquettes 13.
The proposed method and arrangement of a technological complex for garbage disposal of landfills is easily implemented in the suburbs located near the peat processing plants of the Moscow, Tver, St. Petersburg and many other areas where in the current market period the peat industry of the national economy is idle and there is a large modern park of peat machines capable of Recycle garbage from urban landfills and receive household briquet fuel without the costs of creating stationary waste-processing plants from budget items of the region and the city. At the same time, the ecology of the surrounding landfill environment increases due to the use of antiseptic properties of bulk peat layers that neutralize putrefactive processes in the food waste of the landfill, wood sawdust is actively utilized as waste from the woodworking industry without burning them. Drying the milled trash together with peat and, if available, with sawdust is carried out to the required operating humidity, sufficient for the action of the peat foundation bases and obtaining a sufficiently strong fuel briquette. The proposed inventions have an increased interest from the administration of the region and the city of Tver, as well as the peat enterprise Novaya Orsha.
USED BOOKS
1. SU 1713925 A1. A method for producing briquetted fuel from domestic garbage. (NGO "Stone and Silicates", EA Goginyan, RA Oganesyan, etc.), 22.01.90, (analogue to the method and device).
2. Technical offer of JSC "Stankosnab". "Mobile-stationary (container) complex for the processing of solid household waste with a capacity of up to 5000 tons per year" (LPO-2422-005.00.000) - M .: JSC LOES "Gidromash" - 2003 (prototype by method and device).
CLAIM
1. A method for processing garbage in urban landfills, which consists in profiling the landfill site in the process of accumulation of garbage, excavating debris from the landfill, sorting out debris with the separation of scrap metal, stones and non-combustible construction waste, briquetting after sorting the debris, characterized by the fact that, after profiling the landfill site Are divided into technological areas, which are sprinkled with peat and in the presence of wood sawdust, sorting of waste is carried out by layer-by-layer cyclic surface processing of the processing areas with canines of rotary rooters of peat stumps and then by the working bodies of stone-cutting construction and road machines with simultaneous mixing of peat and in the presence of sawdust with rubbish Depth of sites and shake-up on the separators of large, and then small scrap metal, stones and non-combustible construction waste with filling them in machine bins for further transport outside the landfill, and the cleaned mixed with peat and in the presence of wood sawdust debris is subjected to surface grinding by layer-by-layer milling Milling peat machines, milled trash in a mixture with peat and in the presence of wood sawdust subjected to drying under the influence of solar radiation in the summer or by freezing the moisture in the winter season and cleaned in accordance with the technology of harvesting milling peat for further storage in stacks and briquetting In household fuel.
2. The device for garbage disposal of urban landfills, the main technological base of which includes a complex of profiling and lifting-transporting machines, sorting production site, briquetting presses, characterized in that the sorting production site is in the form of profiled and peat-laid technological platforms , Arranged along the entire area of the landfill, and the technological base is made of a peat machinery complex cyclically working at the landfill sites, consisting of a rotary rooting machine with a separator and storage hopper for large scrap metal, stones and non-combustible construction waste, and subsequent stone- дорожной машиной с сепаратором и бункером накопителем мелкого металлического лома, камней и несгораемых строительных отходов и машиной для поверхностно-послойного фрезерования очищенных и перемешанных с торфом и при наличии древесными опилками технологических площадок, а и из торфяных ворошилок, валкователей и уборочных машин фрезерного торфа для периодического сбора высушенной с торфом и при наличии древесными опилками мусорной крошки, подвергаемой брикетированию на торфяных прессах.
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Дата публикации 19.02.2007гг
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