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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2169450

COMPLEX SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURE OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL WASTES

INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURE OF MANUFACTURER AND OTHER
AGRICULTURAL WASTES

The name of the inventor: Puzankov AG; Mkhitaryan GA; Kudziev EP; Sementsov A.Yu .; O. Panchenko.
The name of the patent holder: Anatoly Grigoryevich Puzankov; Mkhitaryan Grant Aleksanovich; Kudziev Edward Petrovich; Sementsov Aleksey Yurievich; Panchenko Oleg Alexandrovich
Address for correspondence: 129348, Moscow, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 8, bldg. 2, kv.356, AGPuzankov
The effective date of the patent: 2000.11.03

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the accelerated processing of manure, manure and other organic waste to produce composts. The system contains a light-permeable roof fermentation tank with a device for air heating in it, a clamshell loading device, a loading device and vehicles. Outside the fermentation tank, a sump is located, and its bottom has a longitudinal central aeration and a drain channel, which runs obliquely to the collection box and is equipped with a sluice gate at its outlet. The channel is separated from the fermentation tank by an overlap, configured to allow air and liquid to pass through. The device for air heating consists of a fan, an air intake located under a light-transmissive roof and communicating with the suction inlet of the fan, and the above-mentioned channel, the inlet of which is connected by means of an air vent with a blower connection of the fan. The permeable roof over the entire length is made of folding sections with condensers of excess air moisture, condensate collectors and balancing and fixing means. The grab loading device and the loading device are mounted on separate mobile platforms located outside the fermentation tank. The loading device is equipped with a container for the accumulation of composting mixture components having a coarse inclusions separator and grinding-mixing and conveying rotors, and a telescopic discharge conveyor. The invention reduces the time and energy intensity of processing manure and other organic wastes while improving the quality of the final product in large-scale production.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(EN) The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the accelerated processing of manure, manure and other organic agricultural waste with composting.

A manure reservoir is known including a container with electrodes placed therein connected to the positive pole of a DC source and a drainage device connected to its negative pole, in order to accelerate the separation of manure into a solid and liquid fraction and to facilitate the unloading of the solid fraction of manure from the tank, the drainage device is made In the form of a channel formed in the middle part of the bottom of the tank, which is covered with a grate, in addition, to accelerate the removal of the liquid fraction of manure, the channel of the drainage device has a slope (SU 695603 A, 1979, IPC A 01 C 3/02).

The drawbacks of this well-known manure storage facility used for the processing of manure are high energy intensity and a long duration of the manure processing process, due to high energy costs and aeration of the manure stored in the storage.

And a system for processing manure for fertilizer is known, comprising a gentle descent to the travel road and a receiving trench, a fermentation tank equipped with a blower, a control panel, a piping system for supplying air from below to the organic mixture filling the fermentation tank, an observation platform and a gate, and a mobile A loader used simultaneously to mix and load the organic mixture into a fermentation tank, with the roadway, trench receiving space and fermentation tank covered by a canopy with walls and a roof (SU 1813085 A3, 1993, IPC A 01 C 3/00).

The disadvantages of this system for manure processing are that its design does not ensure the removal of the liquid fraction that is released during composting of the organic mixture in the fermentation tank and the heating of the compostable organic mixture, in addition to its own biothermal heating. The noted shortcomings lead to an increase in the duration of the manure processing process and to a decrease in the quality of the final product, in this case fertilizer.

A complex manure processing system is known, comprising a fermentation vessel partially enclosed in the soil and having a transparent permeable roof, with a device for heating the air therein, a clamshell loading device, a charging device and vehicles (SU 1646528 A1, 1991, IPC A 01 C 3/02) . In this case, the device for heating the air in the fermentation tank is made in the form of perforated pipes for irrigation of the transparent permeable roof of the fermentation tank with heated water.

The disadvantages of this known complex system, which is the closest analogue of the proposed one, consist in the high energy intensity and long duration of the manure processing process, respectively, caused by the need to heat the water used for heating the air in the fermentation tank and weak aeration of the organic mixture composted in the fermentation tank with its periodic mixing With the help of a clamshell loading device, in the absence of removal of the liquid fraction released during composting of the organic mixture, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the final product of processing.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce the time and energy intensity of processing manure and other agricultural waste, while improving the quality of the final product of processing in large-scale production.

The solution of the task is achieved by the fact that a complex system for processing manure and other agricultural waste, which contains a fermentation tank with an air-warming device partially embedded in the ground and having a light-permeable roof, a clamshell loading device, a loading device and vehicles, , Located outside the fermentation vessel at one end wall thereof, and a longitudinal central aeration and drainage channel is formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank, which is an element of the inclined bottom of the named bottom, extending obliquely to the collection vessel, provided at the outlet to the latter by a sluice gate and separated from the fermentation tank The device for heating air in the fermentation vessel consists of a high-pressure fan placed outside the fermentation tank from the side opposite the drainage port, an air intake located under the light-permeable roof in the upper part of the space bounded by it, and Connected to the suction inlet of the fan, and the aforementioned aeration and drain channel, the inlet of which is connected by means of an air vent to the blowing nozzle of the fan, the light-permeable roof along the entire length of the fermentation tank is made of folding sections, each of which is equipped with condensers of excess air moisture, condensate collectors and equilibration means and Fixing both in the open and closed positions, a separate roof section, and the clamshell and loading device are mounted on separate mobile platforms located outside the fermentation tank, the charging device being equipped with a container for accumulating components of the compost mixture having a coarse inclusions separator and grinding - mixing and transporting rotors, and a telescopic discharge conveyor.

The special cases of constructive execution of elements or parts of the proposed integrated processing system have the advantage, in which:

- the overlap separating the aeration and drain channel from the fermentation tank consists of two mesh cloths and a granular material filling the space between these webs;

- each folding section of the light-permeable roof consists of a frame, which is covered from above and from below by a reinforced film or other transparent coating, and is fixed by one longitudinal side of its frame with the ability to rotate on support hinges located on one of the side walls of the fermentation vessel;

- in the end wall of the fermentation tank, a gate is made on the side of the housing block, and a flat descent to them is formed outside the fermentation tank in the ground in front of the gate;

- the fermentation tank consists of one or more hydro- and thermally insulated trenches, each of which has its own longitudinal central aeration and drain channel, which is communicated with a single collecting box made in the form of a common collector of a closed type.

The essence of the invention is explained in the drawings, where

COMPLEX SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURE OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL WASTES

FIG. 1 depicts a complex system for processing manure and other
Agricultural waste, longitudinal section.

FIG. 2 - the same, transverse section.

FIG. 3 - the same, the plan.

An integrated system for the processing of manure and other agricultural waste contains a partially fermentation tank 1 buried in the ground with a device for heating air in it using solar energy, i.e. helium heating, clamshell, loading device 3 and vehicles 4. Fermentation The tank 1 has a transparent roof 5, which allows helio underheating of the air under it. Outside the fermentation vessel 1, a perimeter wall 7 is located at one end wall 6. At the bottom 8 of the fermentation tank 1, a longitudinal central aeration and drainage channel 9 is provided, which is an element of the bottom 8, with the bottom 8 having a slope to the liquid flow channel 9. The aeration and drain channel 9 extends obliquely to the periclosure 7 and is provided at the outlet to the perimeter housing 7 with a sluice gate 10. The channel 9 is separated from the fermentation tank 1 by an overlap 11 configured to allow air and liquid to pass through.

In a preferred embodiment, the overlap 11 separating the aeration and drain channel 9 from the fermentation tank 1 consists of two meshblocks 12 and a granular material 13 that fills the space between the webs 12.

In the device for heating air in the fermentation tank 1, in addition to its light-permeable roof 5, a high-pressure fan 14 is provided located outside the fermentation tank 1 on the side opposite to the collection unit 7, an air intake 15 located under the light-permeable roof 5 in the upper part of the space bounded by it, for The intake of the warmest air and communicated with the suction nozzle of the fan 14, and the aeration and drain channel 9, the inlet of which is connected by means of the air vent 16 to the blower nozzle of the fan 14.

The permeable roof 5 along the entire length of the fermentation tank 1 is made of folding sections 17, each of which is equipped with condensers of excess air moisture and condensate collectors (not shown in the drawings), but also by means of balancing and fixing both in the open and closed positions of a separate roof section 17 5, for example, for example, counterweights 18 (gravitational or spring) and retainers 19 can be used, respectively.

In an advantageous embodiment, each flip section 17 of the light-permeable roof 5 consists of a chassis 20, which is covered from above and from below by a reinforced film coating 21 and is mounted on one side of its chassis 20 with pivots 22 on one side wall 23 of the fermentation vessel 1 .

The grapple loading device 2 and the loading device 3 are mounted on separate mobile platforms located outside the fermentation tank 1, for example on tractor-mounted chassis, and the power take-off shaft of the respective tractor or hydraulic motors is used as the drive. The charging device 3 is equipped with a container 24 for accumulating composting mixture components having a coarse inclusion separator 25 and a pulverizing mixing and conveying rotors 26 and a telescopic discharge conveyor 27.

In the most preferred embodiment of the proposed integrated processing system in the end wall 6 of the fermentation tank 1, a gate 28 is formed from the location of the perimeter of the perimeter 7, and the opposite end wall 29 of the container 1 is continuous. Outside the fermentation tank 1, a gentle slope 30 is formed in the ground in front of the gate 28.

The fermentation tank 1 can be made in the form of one hydro- and heat-insulated trench, and in the conditions of large-scale processing of manure or other agricultural waste, the fermentation tank 1 should consist of several hydro- and thermally insulated trenches (not shown in the drawings), in the bottom 8 of each A separate longitudinal central aeration and drain channel 9 is provided, communicating with a single dump 7, made in the form of a common collector of a closed type (not shown in the drawings).

Vehicles 4 are designed to transport raw materials and other composting components, as well as to transport the finished product.

An integrated system for the processing of manure and other agricultural waste works as follows.

The compostable materials of the clamshell loading device 2 are fed into the container 24 for accumulating components of the compost mixture of the charging device 3 in which they are mixed by the rotors 26 and then are delivered by the charging device 3 to the edge of the fermentation vessel from the side of the continuous end wall 29. With the open sections 17 of the transparent roof 5 The mixed material by the telescopic discharge conveyor 27 is uniformly packed into the fermentation vessel 1, gradually filling it from the continuous end wall 29 to the gate 28. As the fermentation vessel 1 is filled, the sections 17 of the light-permeable roof 5 are closed, which are held by the latches 19 in the closed position. With all the closed sections 17 and the closed gatelock 10, the fan 14 is periodically turned on which blows the warm, sun-heated air taken from under the light-permeable roof 5 through the compost mass in the fermentation tank 1. For 2-3 days the temperature in The compostable mass is set at 25-30 o C and the mesophilic process begins at a temperature of 30-40 o C. Then, due to self-heating of the compost mass, the process passes into a thermophilic mass, at which the temperature of the mass rises to 60-70 o C. In this state The composted mass is aged for 2-3 more days, while the disinfection of the mass, its de-worming and the loss of germination of weed seeds are achieved. In the following days, the mass cools down to a temperature of 20-25 ° C. This concludes the composting cycle. The duration of the whole cycle does not exceed 30 days.

The moisture and ammonia formed during the preparation of the compost condense on the walls of the aeration and drain channel 9 and together with the liquid emitted from the composted mass flow into the collection box 7, the contents of which are taken up for irrigation or feeding of the grown crops.

When the finished product is taken out, the section 17 of the light-permeable roof 5 is opened from the beginning of the bookmark, secured therewith by the locks 19, and by means of the clamshell loading device 2 the compost is loaded into vehicles 4 which transport the compost to the places of use or storage.

For the periodic full cleaning of the fermentation tank 1 and maintenance, a gate 28 and a gentle descent 30 are used.

The proposed integrated system can be widely used for the processing of manure, litter and other agricultural wastes of large livestock farms and poultry farms and the production of environmentally friendly fertilizers for multi-purpose use in the conditions of in-line production.

CLAIM

1. An integrated system for the processing of manure and other agricultural waste, comprising a fermentation vessel partially buried in the ground and having a light-permeable roof, with a device for heating the air therein, a clamshell loading device, a loading device and vehicles, characterized in that it is provided with a dump housing Outside the fermentation vessel at one of its end walls, and in the bottom of the fermentation tank a longitudinal central aeration and drainage channel is formed, which is an element of the inclined bottom, which is inclined toward it, and which is provided at the exit to the last sluice gate and separated from the fermentation tank by overlapping, The device for heating the air in the fermentation vessel consists of a high-pressure fan placed outside the fermentation tank on the side opposite to the drainage port, an air intake located under the light-permeable roof in the upper part of the space bounded by it and communicated with And the aforementioned aeration and drain channel, the inlet of which is connected by means of an air vent to the blower outlet of the fan, the light-permeable roof along the entire length of the fermentation tank is made of folding sections, each of which is equipped with condensers of excess air moisture, condensate collectors and balancing and fixing means In both open and closed positions, of each roof section, and the grab loading device and the loading device are mounted on separate mobile platforms located outside the fermentation tank, the charging device being equipped with a container for accumulating composting components having a coarse inclusions separator and a grinding-stirring And a conveying rotor or rotors, and a telescopic discharge conveyor.

2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the overlap that separates the aeration and drain channel from the fermentation tank consists of two mesh webs and a granular material that fills the space between these webs.

3. A system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each folding section of the light-permeable roof consists of a frame provided with a reinforced film or other transparent coating mounted on it and fixed by one longitudinal side of its frame with the ability to rotate on support hinges placed on One of the side walls of the fermentation vessel.

4. The system according to claim 1 or 2, or 3, characterized in that a gate is formed on the end wall of the fermentation tank from the side of the housing block, and a gentle descent to them is formed outside the fermentation tank in the ground in front of the gate.

5. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fermentation vessel consists of one or more hydro- and thermally insulated trenches, each of which has its own longitudinal central aeration and drain channel, which is communicated with a single sump made in Form of a common collector of a closed type.

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Published on February 19, 2007